Sequential mediating role of digital participation and health lifestyle in the relation-ship between socioeconomic status and depression of older adults / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the potential mechanisms of the relationship between socioeconomic status(SES)and depression of Chinese older adults through the mediating role of digital participation and health lifestyle.Methods:Using the nationally representative data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2020,4 846 participants aged 60 years and older were analyzed in our study.We explored the potential mechanisms of the relationship between SES and depression of Chinese older adults in the digital era through a chain multiple mediating effects model.The KHB(The Karlson,Holm,and Breen)method was used to analyze the mediating role of digital participation and health lifestyle and the propor-tion of mediating effect between the two was also calculated.A series of robustness tests were further con-ducted and the fit of the model was checked by structural equation modeling.Results:The mean age of the 4 846 older adults included in this study was(68.20±5.07)years,48.06％of whom were female and 51.94％were male.The KHB results showed that both digital participation and health lifestyle could mediate the relationship between SES and depression of older adults(P＜0.000 1)and the mediating role of health lifestyle accounted for a greater proportion than digital participation.And our study mainly found three potential pathways of SES and depression of older adults,including:(1)SES → digital par-ticipation → health lifestyle → depression,(2)SES → health lifestyle → depression,and(3)SES →depression.Structural equation modeling tests proved the overall fit of the model in this study.Conclu-sion:Our findings showed that in the digital age,in addition to the direct relationship between SES and depression of older adults,and the health lifestyle as a mediator between the relationship,there is also a sequential mediating role of digital participation and health lifestyle to reduce the risk of depression.The findings suggest that we should pay more attention to the probability of the digital divide exacerbating health inequalities and socioeconomic inequalities accumulation in the digital age and promote the co-progress of digital literacy and health literacy among older adults.

Determining the digital divide among people with disabilities in KwaZulu-Natal

Background: About 1.3 billion people around the world are living with disabilities, facing challenges such as premature death, mental conditions and other diseases. In South Africa, over 3.5 million people live with disabilities, making up about 6.6% of the total population. People with disabilities face numerous challenges of prejudice, and increasingly, digital exclusion is also becoming a concern. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the extent and challenges that People with disabilities (PwD) have in accessing digital technology, assess the level of the digital divide, and propose measures to narrow this gap. Data were collected using survey questions, and the target population were people with disabilities located in various districts of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Method: The study utilised a quantitative approach and analysed the findings using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The results indicated that people with disabilities are marginalised and have limited or no access to technology. The research concludes that there needs to be a targeted approach towards assisting people with disabilities, and stakeholders involved need to combat the digital divide for disadvantaged individuals to promote positive social change.Conclusion: More needs to be done to increase society's sensibilities towards people living with disabilities. Technology penetration seems to be a challenge and individuals with disabilities are left with a significant gap that needs to be addressed. Contribution: This article contributes to bridging the technology inequality for people with disabilities in historically disadvantaged societies.

Impacto de la covid-19 en estudiantes de preparatoria en comunidades rurales, México

(analítico) El proceso educativo se trasladó de las escuelas a los hogares mexicanos como consecuencia de la covid-19. El objetivo planteado fue analizar el impacto económico, familiar y académico de la covid-19 en discentes de comunidades rurales que asisten a la preparatoria. La metodología fue cuantitativa. La muestra fueron 222 estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, en México, que respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Los datos se analizaron por estadística descriptiva y análisis de correlación. En los resultados se destacan tres impactos: económicos, por falta de ingresos para comprar tecnología; familiares, por la falta de apoyo de padres y madres; y académicos, porque hay poca capacitación en el uso de TIC. En conclusión, la covid-19 causó dificultades y puso de manifiesto una brecha digital, inequidad social y rezago educativo.

(analytical) The educational process shifted from schools to the home for Mexicans as a result of COVID-19. The objective was to analyze the economic, family and academic impact of COVID-19 among students from rural communities attending high school in Sinaloa. The methodology used for the study was the quantitative. The statistical sample size was 222 students from the Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, in México, who respond to an online questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlational analysis. The results showed three types of problems: economic issues due to lack of income to buy the technological items required for online learning; family problems, specifically the lack of support provided by parents to help children with distance education; and academic difficulties, because there was little training provided to students on the use of technology. The authors concluded that COVID-19 caused difficulties and highlighted the existence of a digital divide, social inequality and educational lag.

(analítico) O processo educacional mudou as escolas para lares mexicanos como resultado da covid-19. O objetivo era analisar o impacto econômico, familiar e acadêmico do Covid-19 em algumas comunidades rurais que eles estudam ensino preparatório. A metodologia era quantitativa. A amostra era de 222 alunos da Universidade Autônoma de Sinaloa, no México, eles responderam a um questionário online. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e análise de correlação. Os resultados mostram três problemas: econômicos devido à falta de renda para comprar tecnologia; parentes por falta de apoio dos pais e filhos, e Acadêmicos porque há pouco treinamento no uso das TIC. Em conclusão, da covid-19 causou dificuldades e revelou uma lacuna digital, desigualdade social e atraso educacional.

Questão social, brecha digital e tecnologia: expressões de desigualdade na sociedade da informação / Social question, digital divide and technology: inequality expressions in the information society

Resumo: Este ensaio indaga em que medida a brecha digital se apresenta como uma manifestação da questão social no século XXI frente à difusão das tecnologias da informação e comunicação no Brasil, considerando a contribuição do Serviço Social. Ao identificar um abismo que separa o conjunto de indivíduos que usufruem das possibilidades do ciberespaço daqueles que não o fazem, conclui-se que o uso das tecnologias tem papel fundamental no exercício da cidadania em uma sociedade democrática.

Abstract: This study inquiries to what extent the digital divide presents itself as an expression of the social question in the 21st century in the face of the diffusion of information and communication technologies in Brazil, considering the contribution of Social Work. By identifying an abyss that separates the individuals who enjoy the possibilities of the cyberspace from those who do not, it is concluded that the use of technologies plays a fundamental role to citizenship in a democratic society.

Brecha digital y tecnologías de comunicación e información en un telecentro de la Amazonia Peruana: Hacia el control de la pandemia COVID-19 2021 / Digital divide and communication and information technologies in a telecentre in the Peruvian Amazon: Towards the control of the COVID-19 2021 pandemic

La crisis sanitaria provocada por el COVID-19 generó la aplicación de medidas de distanciamiento social y confinamiento por largo tiempo, menoscabando la participación en el activismo comunitario y promoviendo el uso de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) para el control y prevención de le enfermedad; no obstante, existe una gran distancia entre quienes tienen acceso a internet y quienes no, y la propagación de COVID-19 solo ha profundizado esta brecha. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y correlacional con el fin de determinar la relación entre la brecha digital y las TIC para el control de la pandemia COVID-19, en 119 usuarios que acuden a un telecentro de la Amazonia Peruana. Se aplicó un cuestionario conformado por 37 items relacionados con la brecha digital y las TIC, evaluados mediante una escala de Likert. Asimismo, se aplicó un instrumento con 15 items para evaluar la búsqueda de información acerca del COVID-19. Para el análisis de datos se empleó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se encontró diferencias entre lo que se sabe y lo que debe saberse acerca del COVID-19, generando una brecha informativa acerca de la enfermedad; además se obtuvo una correlación entre la brecha digital y las TIC. Se requiere la implementación de programas de inclusión digital, políticas para el acceso y conectividad digital, establecimiento de otros telecentros y desarrollo de una infraestructura adecuada, que aminoren la brecha digital y promuevan el control y prevención del COVID-19(AU)

The health crisis caused by COVID-19 generated the application of social distancing and confinement measures for a long time, undermining participation in community activism and promoting the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for the control and prevention of the disease; however, there is a wide gap between those who have access to the internet and those who do not, and the spread of COVID-19 has only deepened this gap. A descriptive and correlational study was carried out in order to determine the relationship between the digital divide and ICTs for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, in 119 users who attend a telecenter in the Peruvian Amazon. A questionnaire made up of 37 items related to the digital divide and ICTs, evaluated using a Likert scale, was applied. Likewise, an instrument with 15 items was applied to evaluate the search for information about COVID-19. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Differences were found between what is known and what should be known about COVID-19, generating an information gap about the disease; In addition, a correlation between the digital divide and ICT was obtained. The implementation of digital inclusion programs, policies for digital access and connectivity, establishment of other telecenters and development of adequate infrastructure are required, which reduce the digital divide and promote the control and prevention of COVID-19(AU)

Revolución digital en salud: ¿están los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular preparados? / Digital revolution in healthcare: are stroke patients ready?

Background: The digital revolution is creating opportunities and challenges in the field of medicine and the Digital Hospital could be a benefit for patients, if they are able to use the Internet. Aim: Identify the barriers that limit Internet use among stroke patients treated in a public hospital in Santiago. Material and Methods: Sociodemographic, clinical and functional variables that could influence the use of the Internet were collected in 107 patients with stroke. Results: Seventy five percent of patients had access to the Internet, but only 29% knew how to use it before their hospitalization. Seventy five percent were older adults, 74% had a low level of education, 78% had an income below the minimum Chilean salary and 56% were discharged with a severe disability (modified Rankin Scale 4 or 5). There was a significant relationship between Internet use and the level of education, income and age. Conclusions: Income levels, age, schooling and stroke related disability limit Internet use in this population.

Recommendations for technoly re-invention for an older market / Recomendações de reivenção de tecnologia para um mercado de idosos

Older people can often fall on the wrong side of the 'digital divide' in terms of accessing and enjoying new digital technology. One approach to this issue is to provide training programmes and customisation techniques for using existing technology. However, another is to re-invent technology with and for older people themselves. In this paper, I propose four recommendations for re-invention, and illustrate these with examples in the domain of digital photography.(AU)

Os idosos muitas vezes podem cair no lado errado da "divisão digital" em termos de acesso e aproveitamento de novas tecnologias digitais. Uma abordagem para esse problema é fornecer programas de treinamento e técnicas de personalização para usar a tecnologia existente. No entanto, outra é reinventar a tecnologia com e para os próprios idosos. Neste artigo, proponho quatro recomendações para reinvenção, e as ilustro com exemplos no domínio da fotografia digital.(AU)

Brecha digital en alumnos del sistema de educación primaria en Tamaulipas, México: un panorama del futuro capital humano del estado / Digital divide in primary education students in Tamaulipas, Mexico: an overview of the State's future human capital

RESUMEN En los últimos años, la brecha digital ha recibido especial atención de investigadores y organismos internacionales, ya que genera desigualdades digitales que impactan el desarrollo social y la educación. El modelo de la accesibilidad en etapas a la tecnología (AET), propuesto por Van Dijk, ha venido consolidándose en un marco teórico evolutivo, encaminado a explicar la penetración social de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC). Además, define una parte importante del segmento de la teoría de los recursos y la apropiación tecnológica (TRA). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el nivel de infraestructura digital en las primarias del estado de Tamaulipas, el grado de conocimiento y el uso que le dan a las TIC los alumnos de este sector, a través del modelo de (AET). Esta investigación fue empírica y descriptiva, con diseño no experimental. La información analizada proviene de una muestra de 213 estudiantes de 167 instituciones del estado, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario utilizado por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (CEPAL-ONU). En las pruebas estadísticas de regresión, se evidenciaron enlaces causales significativos (P < 0.05), entre las variables motivación, acceso, capacidades y uso de las TIC. El nivel de capacidades fue una influencia significativa en el nivel de uso de estas tecnologías; la relación causal Motivación x Acceso reveló una beta negativa, dado que la falta de acceso, por carecer de infraestructura de las TIC o por subemplearla en un proceso de capacitación discontinuo o inexistente, afecta la apropiación de estas tecnologías por los alumnos.

ABSTRACT In the last years, the digital divide has received special attention of investigators and international organizations, since it generates digital inequality that impacts social development and education. The model of accessibility in stages to the Technology (AET), proposed by Van Dijk, has been consolidated as an evolutionary theoretical framework, which aims to explain the social penetration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In addition, it defines an important part of the segment of the theory of resources and the appropriation of technology (ART). The objective of this work was to employ the accessibility model in stages to Technology (AET) to assess three aspects of the digital divide in primary schools of Tamaulipas: the level of digital infrastructure, the degree of knowledge, and the use given to ICT by students at this level. This research was empirical and descriptive, with a non-experimental design. The analyzed information was obtained from a sample of 213 students of 167 institutions in the State, who were administered a questionnaire used by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Organization of the United Nations (ECLAC-UN). Regression analysis tests showed significant causal links (P < 0.05) between the variable motivation, access to ICT infrastructure, level of skills and level of use of ICT. The level of capacities was a significant influence on the level of use of these technologies, the causal relation Motivation x Access revealed a negative Beta that affects the appropriation of these technologies by students due to two main factors: a lack of access to ICT infrastructure, or lack of its effective use; and a discontinuous or non-existent training process.

Factors associated with maintenance of the use of internet, EpiFloripa Idoso longitudinal study / Fatores associados à manutenção do uso da internet, estudo longitudinal EpiFloripa Idoso

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the use of the internet and to identify the sociodemographic and health factors associated with changes in the use of the internet over four years in older adults participating in the Brazilian EpiFloripa Idoso study. METHODS This is a longitudinal home-based, population-based study with 1,197 older adults who live in the urban area of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. We applied a face-to-face interview. We describe the use of internet according to frequency, place, devices, and motives of the use of the internet. To identify factors associated with changes in the use of the internet, we categorized the outcome as: non-use of the internet, stopped using the internet, started using the internet, and kept using the internet. The independent variables were sex, age, family income, education level, family arrangement, marital status, presence of caregiver, paid work, and cognitive impairment screening. We used multinomial logistic regression with risk ratio (RR) estimates and their respective confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS The prevalence of the use of internet increased from 22.9% in 2009-2010 to 26.6% in 2013-2014. Of the total number of older adults who participated in the study, 7.5% started using the internet, 3.2% stopped using it, 19.1% kept their use, and 70.2% kept their non-use in the analyzed period. Of the older adults who used the internet, most used it every day or almost every day of the week, in their own home, on desktop or portable computers, mainly to send and receive messages, to search for information to learn or investigate something, to find information about goods and services, and to use news, social networking, and health information websites. The factors associated with the use of internet over four years were: being male (RR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.48-3.26), higher monthly family income (RR = 3.53, 95%CI 1.35-9.23), higher education level (RR = 2.64, 95%CI 1.57-4.43), and no presence of caregiver (RR = 0.08, 95%CI 0.02-0.31). CONCLUSIONS Although the use of the internet is increasing among older adults, most of the population is still digitally excluded, especially women with lower income and education level. Strategies that promote the digital inclusion of older adults should be stimulated, aiming to universalize the use of the internet, and they should take into account socioeconomic and gender inequalities.

RESUMO OBJETIVO : Descrever o uso de internet e identificar os fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde associados a mudanças no uso de internet ao longo de quatro anos em idosos participantes do estudo EpiFloripa Idoso. MÉTODOS : Estudo longitudinal de base populacional e domiciliar com 1.197 idosos residentes na área urbana de Florianópolis, SC. Aplicou-se entrevista face a face. A descrição do uso de internet foi realizada segundo a frequêcia, o local, os aparelhos e os motivos de uso da internet. Para identificar os fatores associados a mudanças no uso de internet, o desfecho foi categorizado em: manteve o não uso de internet; passou a não usar internet; passou a usar internet; e manteve o uso de internet. As variáveis independentes foram sexo, idade, renda familiar, escolaridade, arranjo familiar, status conjugal, presença de cuidador, trabalho remunerado e rastreamento de déficit cognitivo. Utilizou-se regressão multinomial logística com estimativas de razão risco relativo (RRR) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC95%). RESULTADOS : A prevalência de uso de internet aumentou de 22,9% em 2009-2010 para 26,6% em 2013-2014. Do total de idosos participantes do estudo, 7,5% passaram a usar internet, 3,2% deixaram de usar, 19,1% mantiveram o uso e 70,2% mantiveram o não uso no período analisado. Dos idosos que usavam internet, a maioria usava todos os dias ou quase todos os dias da semana, em sua própria casa, em computadores de mesa ou portáteis, com o principal objetivo de enviar e receber mensagens, buscar informações para aprender ou investigar alguma coisa, encontrar informações sobre bens e serviços e usar sites de notícias, de redes sociais e de informações sobre saúde. Os fatores associados à manutenção, ao longo de quatro anos, do uso da internet foram: ser do sexo masculino (RRR = 2,19; IC95% 1,48-3,26), ter maior renda salarial mensal familiar (RRR = 3,53; IC95% 1,35-9,23), ter maior escolaridade (RRR = 2,64; IC95% 1,57-4,43) e não ter cuidador (RRR = 0,08; IC95% 0,02-0,31). CONCLUSÕES : Apesar de o uso da internet estar aumentando entre os idosos, a maior parte dessa população ainda é digitalmente excluída, especialmente as mulheres de menor renda e escolaridade. Estratégias que promovam a inclusão digital de idosos devem ser estimuladas visando à universalização do uso de internet e devem levar em consideração as desigualdades socioeconômicas e de gênero.

Desafíos de la Inclusión Digital: antecedentes, problemáticas y medición de la Brecha Digital de Género / Challenges on Digital Inclusion: Background, questions, and measurement of the Gender Digital Divide / Desafios da Inclusão Digital: antecedentes, problemáticas e medição da Exclusão Digital de Gênero

Resumen Los avances tecnológicos aplicados a la información son rápidos y masivos. Los cambios que producen afectan a la interacción del sujeto con el mundo, lo cual exige una constante desconstrucción tecnológica en las rutinas básicas de las personas. Quien no domina estos ciclos queda en desventaja, en comparación con aquellos que consiguen articularse. Apartarse de las Tecnologías de la Información, en la mayoría de los casos, es un estado de restricción derivado de recursos económicos, la infraestructura del contexto, limitaciones en educación y alfabetización informacional, restricciones de acceso a mercados laborales o paradigmas mentales socioculturales. Estas desigualdades crean brechas complejas de naturaleza multidimensional y desarticulan de las TIC a los grupos afectados, uno de los cuales son las mujeres. Este fenómeno se ha denominado la Brecha Digital de Género (BDG). Este artículo presenta esta problemática, introduciendo una recapitulación sobre los antecedentes de la exclusión de la mujer en la historia de la informática, los problemas existentes en cuanto al ingreso femenino en carreras de ingeniería e ingeniería informática y la existencia de condiciones sexistas en el mercado laboral de la industria de la computación. Posteriormente se recapitulan modelos teóricos relevantes referentes a la exclusión digital de género, para finalmente discutir la cuestión sobre la medición de la BDG, debatir sus características, y plantear una propuesta complementaria basada en el mapeo de imaginarios.

Abstract Technological advances applied to information are fast and massive. The consequent changes affect the subject's interaction with the world, demanding a constant technological deconstruction in the basic routines of people. Whoever does not master these cycles is disadvantaged in comparison to those who manage to articulate themselves. Being excluded from Information Technology, in most cases, is a state of constraint derived from economic resources, context infrastructure, information literacy and educational limitations, restrictions of access to labor markets, or socio-cultural paradigms. These inequalities create complex divides as their nature is multidimensional, and disarticulate the affected groups from ICT, i.e. women. Such phenomenon has been called Gender Digital Divide (GDD). This article makes a recapitulation on the antecedents of the exclusion of women from the history of computing, the existing problems regarding female entry in engineering and computer engineering careers, and the existence of sexist conditions in the labor market of the computer industry. Then we summarize relevant theoretical models concerning digital gender exclusion and discuss the measurement of GDG, proposing a complementary perspective based on the mapping of imaginaries.

Resumo Os avanços tecnológicos aplicados à informação são rápidos e maciços. As mudanças que produzem afetam a interação do sujeito com o mundo, o que requer uma constante desconstrução tecnológica nas rotinas básicas das pessoas. Quem não domina esses ciclos é prejudicado, em comparação com aqueles que conseguem se articular. Afastar-se das Tecnologias da Informação, na maioria dos casos, é um estado de restrição derivado dos recursos econômicos, da infraestrutura do contexto, limitações na educação e letramento informacional, restrições ao acesso aos mercados de trabalho ou paradigmas mentais socioculturais. Essas desigualdades criam lacunas complexas de natureza multidimensional e desarticulam os grupos afetados das TIC; um deste grupos são as mulheres. Esse fenômeno é chamado de Exclusão Digital de Gênero (EDG). Este artigo apresenta esta problemática, por meio de uma recapitulação do contexto da exclusão das mulheres na história da informática, dos problemas existentes quanto a entrada feminina em carreiras de engenharia e engenharia da computação, e da existência de condições sexistas no mercado de trabalho da indústria de computação. A continuação, são recapitulados os modelos teóricos relevantes referentes à exclusão digital de gênero, para finalmente debater a questão sobre a medição da EDG, discutir suas características, e propor uma abordagem complementar baseada no mapeamento de imaginários.

Contraste de un Modelo de los Indicadores Psicológicos Reflejantes de la Intención de Comercio Electrónico

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue contrastar un modelo de intención de uso del comercio electrónico. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal y exploratorio con una selección no probabilística de 134 estudiantes de una Institución de Educación Superior. Se utilizó la Escala de Intención de Comercio Electrónico de García, Carreón y López (2014), una vez establecida la confiabilidad y la validez, a partir de un modelo estructural [χ2 = 12,65 (14gl) p = 0,000; GFI = 0,970; CFI = 0,977; RMSEA = 0,008] la eliminación de una aplicación mientras se utiliza una con la misma función es indicador reflejante de la estructura que explica la toma de decisiones. Se advierten líneas de investigación concernientes a la compatibilidad de la tecnología con la intención de comercio electrónico

The decision-making process that goes from training and training to adjust the technology to personal lifestyle decision is a deliberate, planned and systematic decision. In the case of e-commerce is intended to anticipate possible barriers and reasons for the use of electronic devices and mobile applications. A non-experimental, transversal and exploratory study with a probabilistic selection of 134 students of an Institution of Higher Education was held. From a structural model [χ2 = 12.65 (14gl) p = 0.000; GFI = 0.970; CFI = 0.977; RMSEA = 0.008] removing an application as one with the same function is reflective indicator structure accounts decisions used.

De la investigación mediante relatos de vida al teatro social: el caso de la brecha digital de género / From Research Using Life Stories to Social Theatre: The Gender Digital Divide Case

El presente es un proyecto de investigación-acción, cuyo objetivo fue promover el interés por el uso experto de tecnologías en mujeres jóvenes, con miras a reducir la dominación masculina del sector tecnológico. A partir de la elaboración de relatos de vida de mujeres estudiantes de informática, diseñamos y representamos una obra de teatro-foro en institutos de secundaria, cuyo contenido recreaba las vivencias de las chicas con la tecnología. Las situaciones conflictivas se transformaron, con el fin de superar los problemas planteados y de empoderar a las participantes. Utilizando el teatro social, mostramos cómo se pueden ensayar nuevas formas de acción ante situaciones de opresión, criticamos las asociaciones establecidas entre género y tecnología y formulamos recomendaciones para favorecer que las mujeres opten por el ámbito tecnológico.

We present an Action Research program whose aim was to promote the skilful use of technology in young women to reduce the male dominance found in this sector. From Arising out of the elaboration of life stories of women studying computer science, we designed and performed a social theatre play in high schools that recreated the experiences of girls with technology. The conflicting situations were transformed in order to overcome the problems presented and to empower participating girls. We show how to test new forms of acting using Social Theatre in front of oppressing situations; we criticise the current associations between gender and technology; and, we formulate recommendations to encourage women to opt for ta technological career path.

La brecha digital: representaciones sociales de docentes en una escuela marginal / The digital divide: social representations of teachers in a marginal school / A brecha digital: representações sociais de docentes em uma escola marginal

En este artículo exponemos las Representaciones Sociales que tienen los docentes y las docentes frente a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, y cómo ellas están ligadas a su experiencia vital, y se convierten en la base para acceder, relacionarse y apropiarse de ellas en sus entornos personales y profesionales. Para comprender dichas representaciones, realizamos una investigación cualitativa utilizando la Teoría Fundamentada. La interpretación de las Representaciones Sociales nos muestra cómo docentes y estudiantes de escuelas públicas colombianas permanecen actualmente en la brecha digital -por extensión y por profundidad- y cómo esta se reproduce en la escuela con expresiones de desigualdad y exclusión social.

This article discusses the social representations that teachers have towards Information and Communication Technologies, and how these are linked to their life experiences, and become the basis for access, interact and appropriate them in their personal and professional environments. To understand these representations, we conducted a qualitative study using Grounded Theory. The interpretation of Social Representations shows how teachers and students from Colombian public schools currently remain in a digital divide -both by extension and depth- and how this is reproduced at school with expressions of inequality and social exclusion.

Este artigo expõe as representações sociais que têm os docentes frente às tecnologias da informação e à comunicação e como elas estão ligadas à sua experiência vital, e se convertem em base para aceder, relacionar-se e apropriar-se delas nos seus ambientes pessoais e profissionais. Para compreender tais representações, se realizou uma pesquisa qualitativa utilizando a teoria fundamentada. A interpretação das representações sociais nos mostra como docentes e estudantes de escolas públicas colombianas permanecem atualmente na brecha digital -por extensão e por profundidade- y como esta se reproduz na escola com expressões de desigualdade e exclusão social.

Internet y pánico moral: revisión de la investigación sobre la interacción de niños y jóvenes con los nuevos medios / Internet and Moral Panic: A review of research about interaction of children and teenagers with new mass media

La psicología popular así como la investigación académica comparten la preocupación por los riesgos que afrontan niños y adolescentes con el uso de Internet, tales como la adicción, el cyberbullying, el acoso sexual, entre otros. El concepto de riesgo como categoría de análisis se torna imprescindible en la sociedad de la información, así como la búsqueda de respuestas frente a preguntas como: cuáles son, qué prevalencia tienen, y qué tan extendidos están tales riesgos en las sociedades actuales. En esta revisión se retoma el concepto sociológico de pánico moral, como reacción ante la incertidumbre y pérdida de control, generados por los medios de comunicación, debido a las posibilidades que ofrecen de acceso y exposición a contenidos violentos o sexuales desde edades tempranas. Se identifican los principales temas que han sido objeto de estudio, sus alcances, recomendaciones e implicaciones pedagógicas para la reflexión sobre la educación en medios.

Popular psychology as well as academic research share the concern about the risks faced by children and adolescents with the use of Internet, such as addiction, cyberbullying, sexual harassment, among others. The concept of 'risk' as analytical category becomes essential in the information society, as well as in the research oriented to find out answers to questions such as 'which are the risks', 'what prevalence have', and 'how extended are in contemporary societies'. The concept of 'risk in this review ' is related to the sociological concept of 'moral panic' as a reaction to uncertainty and the loss of control generated by media, due to the fact that they make possible to have access and to be exposed to violent and sexual contents since early childhood. The main issues under study are identified, its scope, recommendations and pedagogical implications for reflection on media literacy.

Factors Affecting Comsumer's Usage of Health Information on the Internet / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to identify a gap between consumer characteristics and utilization of health information on the Internet. METHODS: A telephone survey of nationally representative samples was conducted using structured questionnaires, and 1,000 of the 1,189 responses obtained were included in our analysis. The following variables were included in the analysis as potential predictors of health information use on the Internet: predisposing factors such as gender, age, and education status; enabling factors such as region and monthly household income; consumer need for health information; and attitude to health. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between utilization rate and the potential predictors. RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of consumers had obtained health information on the Internet over a one-year period. The utilization rates were higher for consumers who were young, educated, worked in the office setting, had higher incomes, wanted health information, and were able to use the Internet. The utilization rate was 5.35 times higher in the younger group (20-30 years) than in the elderly group (95% CI=2.21-12.97); 2.21 times higher for office workers than for manual workers (95% CI=1.16-4.20); 3.61 times higher for college graduates than for middle school graduates and below (95% CI=1.07-11.59); 1.99 times higher for people with monthly household incomes over 3,000,000 won than for those with monthly household incomes below 1,500,000 won (95% CI=1.01-3.92). CONCLUSIONS: There needs to be a paradigm shift, with consideration of not only Internet accessibility in the digital age, but also consumer ability and attitudes toward utilization of health information.