Analysis on active surveillance results of occupational pneumoconiosis in Beijing in 2019 / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the active surveillance results of occupational pneumoconiosis(hereinafter referred to as “pneumoconiosis”) in Beijing in 2019. METHODS: A total of 2 634 dust exposed workers were recruited as the active surveillance subjects by judgment sampling method. The abnormalities and influencing factors of High kV or digital photography of posterior-anterior chest radiography(hereinafter referred to as “chest radiography”) and lung function were analyzed. RESULTS: The detection rate of abnormal chest radiograph and pulmonary dysfunction were 14.0%(368/2 634) and 6.6%(175/2 634), respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of abnormal chest radiograph in dust-exposed workers increased with age(P<0.01). Mining and construction workers had higher risk of abnormal chest radiograph than manufacturers(all P<0.05). The risk of abnormal chest radiograph of dusk-exposed workers in state-owned and foreign enterprises was higher than that of workers in private enterprises(P<0.05). The risk of pulmonary dysfunction was increased with age and length of dust exposure(all P<0.05). Workers exposed to silica dust and aluminum dust had higher risks than those exposed to welding dust(all P<0.01). The risk of pulmonary dysfunction of workers in small and micro enterprises was higher than that of workers in large enterprises(all P<0.01). Mining workers had higher risks of pulmonary dysfunction than manufacturing workers(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Age, length of dust exposure, dust type, industry type, enterprise scale and economic type were the influencing factors of lung injury of dust exposed workers. Therefore, the supervision of key population and industries should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.

Recommendations for technoly re-invention for an older market / Recomendações de reivenção de tecnologia para um mercado de idosos

Older people can often fall on the wrong side of the 'digital divide' in terms of accessing and enjoying new digital technology. One approach to this issue is to provide training programmes and customisation techniques for using existing technology. However, another is to re-invent technology with and for older people themselves. In this paper, I propose four recommendations for re-invention, and illustrate these with examples in the domain of digital photography.(AU)

Os idosos muitas vezes podem cair no lado errado da "divisão digital" em termos de acesso e aproveitamento de novas tecnologias digitais. Uma abordagem para esse problema é fornecer programas de treinamento e técnicas de personalização para usar a tecnologia existente. No entanto, outra é reinventar a tecnologia com e para os próprios idosos. Neste artigo, proponho quatro recomendações para reinvenção, e as ilustro com exemplos no domínio da fotografia digital.(AU)

Digital dental photography

Photography has always been an integral part of dentistry. The journey goes back to the time when film photography was used only for documentation and referral purpose which has now evolved to digital photography. Its application in dental practice is simple, fast, and extremely useful in documenting procedures of work, education of patients, and pursuing clinical investigations, thus providing many benefits to the dentists and patients. The article describes the added benefits of digital dental photography over film photography, basic armamentarium for obtaining good photographs, and how digital dental photography is beneficial in the field of prosthodontics.

Memória e sites de redes sociais: midiatização da imagem em recordações e narrativas autobiográficas / Memory and online social networks: image mediatization in autobiographical recollection and narratives

O estudo da memória e das narrativas autobiográficas, e sua relação com a produção e o consumo de imagens mostra-se desafiador, sobretudo na contemporaneidade, ao investigarmos esses processos nos ambientes digitais. Esta pesquisa focaliza a relação entre fotografia digital e a memória autobiográfica em sites de redes sociais. O objetivo foi investigar como as fotografias pessoais e suas legendas compartilhadas no Facebook contribuem para a produção da memóriaautobiográfica. Procuramos entender como as novas formas de produzir imagens, sobretudo aquelas endereçadas ao compartilhamento online, operam na forma como se constroem lembranças do vivido. A metodologia consistiu na aplicação do questionário semiestruturado a 31 usuários do Facebook, entre 18 e 24 anos, de ambos os sexos, com temas sobre fotografia e memória; e codificação e análise das fotografias e legendas selecionadas pelos participantes, convidados no próprio Facebook (perfil público). Uma fotografia e respectiva legenda bem como uma colagem de fotografias são analisados no artigo em mais detalhe. Entre os achados, identificamos a felicidade como imperativo, na direção de homogeneizar e perpetuar modos de ver e ser culturalmente dominantes nos sites de redes sociais, moldando os tipos de artefatos de memória a serem mantidos e o conteúdo digno de ser lembrado.

The study of memory and self-narratives and how they link to the production and reception of images constitutes a challenge, especially nowadays, as we try to understand these processes in digital platforms. This research focuses on the relationship between digital photos and autobiographical memory in social network sites. The purpose was to study how personal photos and their texts shared on Facebook participate in the production of autobiographical memory. We aim to understand how the new forms of producing images, particularly those addressed for online sharing, operate in the way memories of a lived moment are built. We applied a semi-structured questionnaire to 31 Facebook users invited at Facebook (public profiles), aged 18-24, from both sexes, covering topics about photography and memory. The photographs and texts were selected by the participants and the data was codified and analyzed. The article discusses in more detail one photograph and its correspondent text and also a collage of photos from the corpus. Among the findings, we have identified happiness as an imperative, normalizing and perpetuating culturally dominant modes of seeing and being online, which shape the types of memory artifacts to be held and the content worthy to be remembered.

Anthropometric Evaluation of Facial Dimensions in Population of Western Maharashtra

Objective The present study was carried out to evaluate an average ratio between specific soft tissue parameters of the face among the young adult population of Karad, Maharashtra. The soft tissue parameters gauged in the present study are inner canthal distance, outer canthal distance, alar base width and distance between the corners of the mouth. Rationale The average ratio of soft tissue parameters of the face can act as a guideline for effective treatment of teeth and dento facial structures as well as soft tissue outlines. Materials and Methods 1,786 young adults aged between 18 and 20 years from Karad city were initially screened, out of which 1,000 were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria. The fronto-facial photographs of the selected subjects were captured using a digital camera. The selected facial soft tissue parameters were digitally measured, and the data were subjected to statistical analysis. Result The values of the parameters measured were marginally more in males; however, the ratio among the parameters was similar in both the sexes. The average ratio between the inner canthal distance, alar base width and distance between corners of the mouth was found to be 1:1.3:1.7, and the average ratio between the outer canthal distance, alar base width and distance between the corners of the mouth was found to be 2.3:1:1.3. Conclusion The different parts of the human face exist in certain proportions. Establishing the ratio between these parameters is important to facilitate proper diagnosis and treatment planning for the specific population.

Photographic Estimation of Intercanthal Width of Bangladeshi Women.

Background: Estimation of intercanthal width and biocular breadth from digital photography is important in the evaluation of several systemic syndromes, craniofacial abnormalities and in surgical treatments of post-traumatic telecanthus. Dysmorphologists employ canthal measurements in evaluating the degree of hypertelorism. So intercanthal width and biocular breadth values are very important for clinicians, ophthalmologists, plastic and reconstructive surgeons. The reliability of estimation of intercanthal width from biocular breadth by using multiplication factor is high. Objective: To make an attempt to determine the multiplication factor for estimation of intercanthal width. Materials and method: This is a cross sectional study conducted in the Anatomy department of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2010 to June 2011. One hundred Bangladeshi 25 to 45 years old women were selected purposively for the study. Results: The mean±SD intercanthal width was 3.456±0.3585 cm. Multiplication factor for measuring intercanthal width from biocular breadth (9.348±0.7174 cm) was 0.369±0.0232 cm. The mean±SD of estimated intercanthal width was 3.449±0.2647 cm. No significant difference was found between the measured and estimated intercanthal width. Conclusion: Multiplication factor can be used to determine intercanthal width in Bangladeshi women though agreement test would have been done to generalize the finding.

A validade ética e legal das fotografias digitais na ortodontia / The ethical and legal validity of digital photographs in orthodontics

A utilização de imagens digitais constituiu-se em um dos grandes benefícios que a evolução tecnológica proporcionou à Ortodontia. A introdução da fotografia digital permitiu aos profissionais utilizar recursos que facilitam a elaboração do diagnóstico e do planejamento ortodôntico, auxiliando a comunicação entre eles e também com os pacientes, além de ser importante ferramenta para o ensino e a pesquisa. Apesar destas vantagens, a utilização de fotografias digitais é frequentemente questionada quanto ao seu valor ético e legal. Dessa forma, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, este trabalho buscou abordar todos estes aspectos envolvidos na utilização deste recurso. Concluiu-se que os profissionais dessa área ainda desconhecem o tema, tornando-se necessário discuti-lo a fim de criar consciência da obrigação clínica, ética e legal quando forem utilizados. Além disso, concluiu-se também que ainda são necessárias ferramentas que assegurem valor legal absoluto a esse tipo de fotografia, evitando os riscos de manipulações ilícitas.

The use of digital images constitutes one of the great benefits that technological change provides to Orthodontics. The introduction of digital photography allows professionals to use features that facilitate the development of diagnostic and orthodontic planning, aid communication between them and also with patients, in addition to being an important tool for teaching and research. Despite these advantages, the use of digital photographs is often questioned as to their legal and ethical value. Thus, through a literature review, this study aimed to show all these aspects involved in the use of digital photographs in orthodontics. It was concluded that professionals are still do not know of the issue, making it necessary to discuss it in order to create awareness of the obligation clinical, ethical and legal when used such resources. One can also conclude that tools are still needed to ensure absolute legal value to this type of photography avoiding the risks of illegal tampering.

Perfil da escolha alimentar de arroz e feijão na alimentação fora de casa em restaurante de bufê por peso / Profile of the rice and beans food option when eating away from home at a buffet-by-weight restaurant

Estudo transversal que descreve a prevalência e fatores associados à escolha de arroz e feijão (EAF) entre comensais de um restaurante de bufê por peso. Coletou-se características antropométricas, sociodemográficas e comportamentais, o peso e a fotografia do prato escolhido. A amostra representativa foi composta por 675 comensais, entre 16-81 anos, e analisada uma subamostra de 396, composta por dois grupos: EAF e não EAF. O teste qui-quadrado examinou a representatividade da subamostra. Os testes de Wald, qui-quadrado e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta examinaram as associações entre EAF e as características coletadas. Observou-se ausência de EAF em 38,4% dos comensais. Após ajuste para as demais características, a ausência de EAF no prato associou-se diretamente com sobrepeso/obesidade (RR=1,43; IC95%=1,10-1,84), mulheres (1,57; 1,20-2,05), refeição não habitual (1,34; 1,02-1,75), escolhas de pastelaria (1,37; 1,06-1,76) e de acompanhamento frio (RR=1,39; IC95%=1,08-1,78); e, inversamente com prato de maior peso (0,54; 0,38-0,77). Conclui-se que a EAF ainda pode ser considerada habitual pelos brasileiros e mais frequente entre os homens. Sua não escolha parece estar associada a práticas alimentares menos saudáveis e risco aumentado de sobrepeso/obesidade.

The scope of this cross-sectional study was to describe the prevalence and factors associated with the choice of rice and beans (CRB) among diners in a buffet-by-weight restaurant. Data on anthropometric, socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics as well as weight and photographic record of the dishes chosen by the diner were collected. The representative sample consisted of 675 luncheon diners, aged between 16 and 81. A subsample of 396 diners was analyzed, consisted of two groups: CRB and non-CRB. The Chi-square test verified the representativeness of the subsample in relation to the total sample. The Wald test, the chi-square test and the Poisson regression with robust variance examined the associations between the CRB and the data collected. Rice and beans were not chosen by 38.4% of diners. The conclusion drawn is that the CRB can still be considered the norm among Brazilians and more frequent among men. The choice of not opting for the CRB appears to be associated with less healthy eating habits and increased risk of overweight/obesity.

Effects of Food Consumption Monitoring Using a Camera-Phone on Body Weight and Serum Lipid Level in Obese Female College Students

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of food consumption monitoring using a camera-phone in a weight control program. Twenty-six female college students (>30% body fat) were randomly assigned to the camera-phone and diary (CD) group or diary (D) only group. During the 8-week weight control program, the CD group controlled their food consumption using a camera-phone, in which they took a food picture and uploaded it to the homepage. However, the D group used only a diary to record their food intake. The mean energy intake of the CD group during the program was 1451.9 kcal while that of the D group was 1524.3 kcal. The total energy intakes of both groups significantly decreased during the program. The CD group lost 5.2 kg of body weight and 3.1% body fat while the D group lost 2.2 kg of body weight and 1.1% body fat. The body weight and fat levels significantly decreased in the CD group compared to the D group. The triglyceride, total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels of the CD group as well as the total-cholesterol level of the D group significantly decreased during the program. The total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels both significantly decreased in the CD group compared to the D group. In this study, it was concluded that digital photography method using a camera-phone might influence weight control through trained consumption monitoring, which helps individuals reduce discrepancies between perceived and actual consumption levels.

Restoration of an atrophic eye socket with custom made eye prosthesis, utilizing digital photography.

Ocular defects may cause several ocular and orbital disorders, which require surgical intervention. These defects are psychologically disturbing for the patients, and therefore, they require immediate management and rehabilitation by a team of specialist. Ocular prosthesis may be either readymade (stock) or custom made. Fabrication of a custom ocular prosthesis allows for a range of variations during construction. The iris can also be custom made by ocular painting or by digital photography. The optimum cosmetic and functional results of a custom-made prosthesis enhance the patient's rehabilitation to a normal life style. This paper elaborates the technique for fabrication of a custom-made ocular prosthesis for an atrophic eye socket utilizing digital photography.

Fotografia e a Dermatologia / Photography and Dermatology

A Dermatologia é uma arte visual e os sinais cutâneos têm um importante papel na dermatologia geral e na dermatologia cosmética. Nesse contexto, a fotografia digital é uma ferramenta importante na prática médica.

Weight Control Program through the Fortification of Food Consumption Monitoring on Obese Female College Students: Using Smart-Phone with Real Time Communication Application / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of real time communication digital photography method using Kakao Talk application in smart-phone for the fortification of food consumption monitoring and weight reduction. Thirty-four female college students were randomly assigned to the camera-phone (CP) group or smart-phone (SP) group. Each group participated in the weight control program for 8 weeks. The mean energy intake of CP group during program was 1353.5 kcal and the SP group consumed 1289.2 kcal. The total energy intake of both groups was significantly decreased during the program. The CP group lost 1.9 kg of body weight and 1.9% of body fat and the SP group lost 4.3 kg of body weight and 3.0% of body fat. The body weight was significantly decreased in the SP group compared to the CP group. The triglyceride and total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol level of SP group were significantly decreased during the program. However, there were no significant changes in CP group during the program. Also there were no significant changes in lipid profile between two groups. In this study, it is considered that real time communication digital photography method using Kakao Talk application in smart-phone might influence weight control through a trained consumption monitoring. Therefore, smart-phone can lead individuals to rely more heavily on easy-to-monitor visual cues.

A Study on Application of Food Photographs for Estimating Individuals' Dietary Intake / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was performed to investigate the validity of food photographs for estimating individuals' dietary intakes and compare it with other dietary assessment methods. Subjects were 7 professors, 2 researchers, 12 dietitian and 16 graduate students majoring in food and nutrition. Among the subjects, 20 subjects had research experiences in the dietary intake survey more than one year while 17 had not. Each subject estimated 50 food portions displayed in computer monitor by comparing with standard food photographs, which were weighed portions of 28 foods from typical Korean diet. No significant differences between the estimated value and the weighed value of 17 (34%) food portions were shown in research-experienced group and those of 14 (28%) food portions were shown in no-researchexperienced group. 24-hour recall was the most frequently-used method for dietary assessment followed by in the order of food frequency questionnaire, dietary record, diet history and weighing method. After estimating food portions by photographs, 30 subjects (81%) were willing to use the method for dietary assessment because of its convenience and easy communication between researcher and subject. This study suggests that digital photography method would be a useful and convenient new instrument for estimating individuals' dietary intake. However, it is necessary to create standard database for food portions and carry out systematic education for food estimation in order to apply this method in the fields.

Short Term Weight Control Program of Obese Female College Students through Food Consumption Monitoring Using Mobile Phone Equipped with Camera

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of food consumption monitoring based on a digital photography method using a mobile phone on food consumption and weight reduction. Eighteen female college students (>30% body fat) participated in the weight control program using a mobile-phone for 4 wks. The energy intake was reduced significantly after 3 wks compared to baseline (P<0.05, baseline: 1,453.0 kcal, 3rd wk: 1,171.1 kcal, 4th wk: 1,130.8 kcal). The subjects lost 2.8 kg of body weight, 1.4% of % body fat, and 1.1 kg/m2 of body mass index (BMI) after 4 wks. There were also significant differences in blood pressure (P<0.001) and serum cholesterol (total cholesterol: P<0.05, LDL-cholesterol: P<0.01) before and after the self-regulated diet program. In this study, the digital photography method using a mobile-phone influenced weight control through trained consumption monitoring, which helps individuals reduce discrepancies between perceived and actual consumption levels. Therefore, effective monitoring by taking food pictures using a mobile-phone can lead individuals to rely more heavily on easy-to-monitor visual cues.

Biometry of Hard Palate on Digital Photographs: A Methodology for Quantitative Measurements / Biometría del Paladar Duro en Fotografías Digitales: Una Metodología para Mediciones Cuantitativas

The objective of this paper is to establish, validate and test the reproducibility and accuracy of a digital method to measure linear and angular distances in human hard palate of dry skulls. Digital photographs were made in 10 human adult skulls and measurements were made with the aid of AutoCAD software and with a digital caliper in the same skulls by one observer in a blind fashion to compare both methods. To validate the digital method, measurements was made in 20 skulls by 3 observers. The differences of the measurements were not statistically significant between both method and between the 3 observers. The use of digital cameras followed by image analysis with AutoCAD, a software initially developed for engineering and architecture, revealed to be an excellent tool for biometry in morphology in medical and dentistry areas combining easy handling with accessibility.

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron establecer, validar y probar la reproductividad y exactitud de un método digital para medidas lineares y distancia angular en el paladar duro de cráneos humanos secos. Fotografías digitales fueron realizadas en 10 cráneos de hombres adultos. Las medidas fueron tomadas con la ayuda del software AutoCAD® y con un caliper digital en las muestras de cráneos, por un observador, para comparar ambos métodos. Para validar el método digital, fueron realizadas mediciones en 20 cráneos, por 3 observadores. Las diferencias de las mediciones no fueron estadísticamente significativas entre ambos métodos y entre los 3 observadores. El uso de cámaras digitales, seguido por análisis de imágenes con AutoCAD®, un software inicialmente desarrollado para ingeniería y arquitectura, reveló ser una excelente herramienta para biometría en morfología, en las áreas de medicina y odontología, combinando un fácil manejo y accesibilidad.

Techniques of Clinical Digital Photography in Plastic Surgery

Nowadays, clinical digital photography is very prevalent, though the pitfalls, problems, and standardizing works of its techniques have not yet been discussed well enough in Korea. Digital single lens reflex cameras and macro capacity lenses are still recommended for plastic surgeons for its reproducibility and high quality of developed photographs. Since the selection of digital camera itself is as important as the choice of the film in film cameras, the selected digital equipments should not be exchanged in a center or a clinic. Eighteen percents gray card(Eastman Kodak) could be used for the strict setting of the white balance as the white balance is essential in digital imaging. Studio flash lighting is good enough in clinical digital photographing settings and, soft, even lighting effect should be achieved using flash accessories (e. g. bouncer) minimizing loss of details. Taken images could be optimized through the software working (image processing) after the monitor color balancing work. They must be always developed or printed under the uniform setup status of the whole equipments to get accurate, constant pictures.

Digital Photography in Plastic Surgery

Photography is essential for facial plastic surgery practice and has been used for documentation of patients, assessment of operative result, research, education, publication and medicolegal defense. With rapidly advancing technology, digital photography is emerging as a standard method for patient documentation in clinical setting. Digital photogrphs are captured on CCD(charged coupler device) of camera, and stored in flash memory in camera such as Compact Flash and Smarta Media card and transferred to a computer. The image may be immediately viewed on LCD(liquid crystal display) screen of the camera and reshot if necessary, and may be manipulated using photo-editing software programs, easily incorporated into digital presentation. The advantage of long-term storage, easy retrieval, and database organization make digital photography even more appealing. The authors intend to discuss considerations in selecting digital camera and photographic methods to acquire better image in plastic practice, and recommend digital photography as a new standard for conventional 35-mm film photography for general use in plastic surgery.

The value of digital photography in monvascular intervention / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the property and value of digital photographic technology in nonvascular intervention. Methods The nonvascular interventional photographies of 204 procedures were retrospectively analyzed, including 126 in digital subtraction angiography (DSA) unit (DSA group) and 78 in digital X ray unit (non DSA group) The quality of images of contrast photography was evaluated. Results The image of the inspected tracts were clear in 104 (82%) of DSA group and 66(85%) of non DSA group respectively. Conclusions The good quality images of digital photography can be obtained in nonvascular interventional radiology, which is analogous to that on DSA unit.

How to Choose Direct Digital Photography Machines in Children's Hospital / 医疗卫生装备

Some techniques deserving consideration in purchase of direct digital photography machines in children's hospital are discussed as reference for doctors who purchase machines and decision-makers in hospital. It is emphasized that the dose of the machine in using should be the all-important factor to be considered for the health of not only the patients but the doctors and technicians. High quality images should not be based on the sacrifice of children's health.