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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Yishen Daluo prescription （YSDL） on Ras homolog（Rho）/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase（ROCK）signaling pathway in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis （EAE） based on the silencing of β-arrestin1 gene. MethodSixty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a virus group， a YSDL group， a virus + YSDL group， and a prednisone acetate group （hormone group）. The EAE model was induced in mice except for those in the normal group. Adeno-associated virus（AAV）solution （150 μL， 1×1011 vg·mL-1） was injected into the tail vein of each mouse in the virus group and the virus + YSDL group on the 4th day of immunization. Drugs were administered on the 8th day of modeling. Specifically， normal saline was given to the mice in the normal group，the model group，and the virus group at 10 mL∙kg-1， prednisone acetate suspension to those in the hormone group at 3.9 g∙kg-1，and YSDL to those in other groups at 20 g∙kg-1 for 14 consecutive days. The mice were weighed and scored every day. The neurological function scores of mice in each group were recorded every day after immunization. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to determine the inflammatory response and lesion location in the brain tissues and spinal cord tissues of mice. The protein expression of β-arrestin1，Ras homolog gene family member A（RhoA）， and Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase Ⅰ（ROCK Ⅰ） in spinal cord and brain tissues of EAE mice was determined by Western blot. ResultCompared with the model group， the virus group and the virus + YSDL group showed decreased neurological function scores （P<0.01），and the YSDL group also showed decreased neurological function scores（P<0.05）. HE results showed that there was obvious inflammatory reaction in the central nervous system （CNS） of the model group， which was alleviated to varying degrees in other groups compared with the model group. Western blot results showed that compared with the blank group， the model group showed increased protein expression levels of β-arrestin1， RhoA， and ROCK Ⅰ in the spinal cord tissues （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the virus group， the YSDL group， the virus + YSDL group， and the hormone group showed decreased protein expression levels of β-arrestin1， RhoA， and ROCKⅠ in the spinal cord tissues （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed increased protein expression levels of β-arrestin1， RhoA， and ROCK Ⅰ in the brain tissues （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the virus group， the YSDL group， the virus + YSDL group， and the hormone group showed decreased protein expression level of β-arrestin1 in the brain tissues （P<0.01）， and the virus group and the YSDL group showed decreased protein expression levels of RhoA， and ROCKⅠ in the brain tissues （P<0.05）. Additionally， the virus + YSDL group and the hormone group showed decreased protein expression levels of RhoA and ROCKⅠ in the brain tissues （P<0.01）. ConclusionYSDL can improve the clinical symptoms of EAE mice and improve the inflammatory response of CNS. The mechanism is presumably attributed to the fact that YSDL inhibits the expression of β-arrestin1 in CNS，thereby reducing the expression of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. Furthermore， YSDL may have a synergistic effect with the inhibition of β-arrestin1 gene expression.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi in improving astrocyte injury and protecting synaptic structure and function in the brain of Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice. MethodForty male APP/PS1 transgenic mice aged four months were randomly divided into a model group and a model + Dihuang Yinzi （0.25 g·kg-1） group， with 20 mice in each group. Forty C57BL/6J mice with the same background and same age were randomly divided into a control group and a control + Dihuang Yinzi （0.25 g·kg-1） group， with 20 mice in each group. The mice in the control + Dihuang Yinzi group and the model + Dihuang Yinzi group were administered with Dihuang Yinzi by gavage， and those in the control group and the model group received an equal volume of sterilized normal saline， once a day for 150 days. The learning and memory ability of mice was tested by the light-dark box test and Y-maze spontaneous alternation test. The content of glutamate （Glu） and glutamine （Gln） was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS）. Long-term potentiation （LTP） assay was used to detect synaptic plasticity in brain tissues. The protein expression levels of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 （EAAT2）， postsynaptic density protein95 （PSD95）， and synaptophysin （SYN） in brain tissues were measured by Western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the localization and expression of EAAT2. Colorimetry was performed to detect Na+-K+ ATPase activity in mouse brain tissues. ResultAs compared with the control group， the model group showed shortened residence latency （P<0.01）， increased number of errors （P<0.01） in the light-dark box test， reduced spontaneous alternation behaviors （P<0.01）， no significant difference in the total number of arm entries in the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test， down-regulated expression of EAAT2， PSD95， and SYN （P<0.01）， blunted activity of Na+-K+ ATPase （P<0.01）， up-regulated Glu level （P<0.01）， down-regulated Gln level （P<0.01）， and reduced relative population spike （PS） amplitude and the slope of excitatory postsynaptic potential （EPSP） （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the above experimental indexes were not significantly different in the control + Dihuang Yinzi group. Compared with the model group， the model + Dihuang Yinzi group displayed prolonged residence latency （P<0.05）， decreased number of errors （P<0.01） in the light-dark box test， increased spontaneous alternation behaviors （P<0.01）， no significant difference in the total number of arm entries in the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test， up-regulated expression of EAAT2， PSD95， and SYN （P<0.01）， potentiated activity of Na+-K+ ATPase （P<0.01）， reduced Glu level （P<0.01）， up-regulated Gln level （P<0.01）， and increased PS amplitude and EPSP slope （P<0.01）. ConclusionDihuang Yinzi can improve cognitive dysfunction in AD mice by protecting astrocytes， increasing Glu uptake to reduce its abnormal accumulation， and protecting synaptic structure and function.
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ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi （DHYZ）in improving astrocyte injury in the brain and regulating energy metabolism and autophagy disorder in Alzheimer's disease （AD） model mice. MethodForty male APP/PS1 transgenic mice aged four months were randomly divided into a model group and a model + DHYZ group （2.5 g·kg-1）， with 20 mice in each group. Forty C57BL/6J mice with the same background and same age were randomly divided into a control group and a control + DHYZ group （2.5 g·kg-1）， with 20 mice in each group. The mice in the control group and the model group were administered with an equal volume of sterilized normal saline by gavage， once a day for 150 days. Novel object recognition test and step-down test were performed to evaluate the learning and memory ability of mice. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） in astrocytes was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to detect adenosine triphosphate （ATP）， adenosine diphosphate （ADP）， and adenosine monophosphate （AMP） in brain tissues of mice， and the data obtained were used to calculate energy charge （EC） levels. The phosphorylation levels of liver kinase B1 （LKB1）， adenosine 5′-monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， UNC-51-like kinase 1 （ULK1）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） and the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1， microtuble-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ， and p62 in mouse brain were measured by Western blot. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed decreased novel object recognition index， shortened retention latency， increased error times in the step-down test， up-regulated protein expression of GFAP， decreased content of ATP， ADP， and EC in brain tissues， elevated AMP ， increased levels of p-AMPK， p-LKB1， and p-mTOR， and protein expression of p62 ， and down-regulated p-ULK1 level and protein expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ（P<0.01）， while the above experimental indexes were not significantly different in the control + DHYZ group. Compared with the model group， the model + DHYZ group showed increased novel object recognition index（P<0.05）， prolonged retention latency（P<0.01）， decreased error times（P<0.01） in the step-down test， reduced protein expression of GFAP（P<0.05）， increased content of ATP， ADP， and EC in brain tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased AMP content（P<0.05）， reduced p-AMPK， p-LKB1， and p-mTOR levels and protein expression of p62， and up-regulated p-ULK1 level and protein expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ（P<0.01）. ConclusionBy protecting astrocytes， DHYZ can improve energy metabolism and autophagy disorder in AD mice to improve the learning and memory ability of model mice.
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ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi in improving astrocyte injury and glycolysis in Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice via regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway， thereby improving the cognitive function of AD mice. MethodForty male APP/PS1 transgenic mice aged four months were randomly divided into a model group and a model + Dihuang Yinzi （0.25 g·kg-1） group， with 20 mice in each group. Forty C57BL/6J mice with the same background and same age were randomly divided into a control group and a control + Dihuang Yinzi （0.25 g·kg-1） group， with 20 mice in each group. The mice in the control + Dihuang Yinzi group and the model + Dihuang Yinzi group were administered with Dihuang Yinzi by gavage， and those in the control group and the model group received an equal volume of sterilized normal saline， once a day for 150 days. Morris water maze test was performed to test the ability of navigation and space exploration of mice. The protein expression of p-PI3K， PI3K， p-Akt， Akt， phosphofructokinase-1 （PFK-1）， and aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member B2 （ALDH3B2） in mouse brain tissues was measured by Western blot. An immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect astrocyte morphology and the expression level of ALDH3B2. ResultAs compared with the control group， the model group showed prolonged escape latency during the 2nd to 5th days of the location-based navigation （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced number of times crossing the target area of the platform， shortened residence time in the target quadrant （P<0.05， P<0.01）， prolonged residence time in the opposite quadrant （P<0.05）， increased surface area of the cell body and total length of cell protrusions of astrocytes （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein expression of p-PI3K， p-Akt， ALDH3B2， and PFK-1 （P<0.01）， while the above experimental indexes were not significantly different in the control + Dihuang Yinzi group. Compared with the model group， the model + Dihuang Yinzi group showed shortened escape latency of APP/PS1 mice during the 2nd to 5th days of the location-based navigation （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased number of times crossing the platform， prolonged target quadrant residence time （P<0.05， P<0.01）， shortened residence time in the opposite quadrant （P<0.05）， reduced surface area of the cell body and total length of cell protrusions of astrocytes （P<0.05）， and up-regulated protein expression of p-PI3K， p-Akt， ALDH3B2， and PFK-1 （P<0.01）. ConclusionDihuang Yinzi can improve the learning and memory ability of AD mice by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and up-regulating the protein expression of PFK-1 and ALDH3B2 to protect against astrocyte injury in brain tissues and improve glycolysis.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Shugan Mingmu Decoction plus Rehmannia Decoction combined with acupuncture in the treatment of optic neuromyelitis. Methods:The data of one case of optic neuromyelitis cured by Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture and related literature were analyzed. Shugan Mingmu Decoction was used to clear the liver, nourish blood, brighten the eyes and relieve blindness. Rehmannia Decoction was used to nourish the kidney, invigorate the Yin and Yang, soften the liver, strengthen the tendons, and vibrate the withering. The combination of Shu acupoints and extraordinary acupoints was used flexibly and skillfully. Penetration of acupoints was performed to activate the meridians and Qi. Results:The patient's vision quickly recovered, and his lower limb motor function was gradually improved until complete recovery, which help improve patient's ability to live and work.Conclusion:The use of Qinggan Mingmu Decoction and Rehmannia Decoction combined with acupuncture at meridians and extraordinary acupoints for treatment of optic neuromyelitis show clinical advantages including improving curative effects, avoiding the deterioration of the disease and the risk of hormone therapy, and improving the prognosis. It has a good application prospect.
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Objective::To observe the effect of modified Dihuang Yinzi on the learning and memory ability and on the neurons in CA1 area of hippocampus of rats suffering from vascular dementia. Method::The 84 male SD rats were randomly selected to form the sham operation group of 12 rats, and the other 72 rats were chosen for the vascular dementia model by means of Bivascular occlusion, and among which 60 were chosen randomly into 6 groups of 12 rats, namely, the model group, the nimodipine group (0.011 g·kg-1), and the high, medium and low dose modified Dihuang Yinzi (4.54, 2.27, 1.14 g·kg-1) respectively. After 30 days of continuous gavage, Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of rats, hematoxylin eosin (HE) was used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampal CA1 neurons, transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of hippocampal CA1 neurons, TUNEL was used to detect the apoptosis level of hippocampal CA1 neurons, immunohistochemical(IHC) was used to detect the expression level of phosphatidylinositol-3(PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), Caspase-3 in hippocampal CA1 tissues. Result::Compared with sham operation group, the escape latency of the model group was significantly prolonged, the number of times of crossing the original platform was significantly reduced (P<0.01), the neuronal morphology of hippocampal CA1 area was damaged to varying degrees, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P<0.01), the integral optical density and average optical density of PI3K, Akt were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the integral optical density and average optical density of Caspase-3 were significantly reduced (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the escape latency was shortened (P<0.05, P<0.01), the number of crossing the original platform was increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the integrated optical density and average optical density of PI3K and Akt were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the integrated optical density and average optical density of Caspase-3 were decreased in different degrees (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Modified Dihuang Yinzi can improve the learning and memory ability of vascular dementia model rats and the damaged neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area. The potential mechanism may be related to the activation of PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway and the inhibition of apoptosis of neurons in hippocampal CA1 area of rats.
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Classical famous prescription Dihuang Yinzi is widely used in modern clinical practice，and can treat many kinds of diseases，especially the diseases of nervous system in internal medicine. Its clinical effect is accurate，but it has not been converted into Chinese patent medicine preparations. Therefore，the authors have collected ancient traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） literatures of Dihuang Yinzi by the methods of bibliometrics，and selected and sorted out 254 pieces of effective data， involving 144 ancient books of TCM，and systematically summarized and analyzed the historical development origin，main treatment syndrome，formula making principle，dosage，preparation method，decoction method and medicine taking method of Dihuang Yinzi，in order to provide the ancient literary evidence support for the development and clinical application of classic famous prescriptions. It is found that Dihuang Yinzi was from Xuanming Lunfang written by LIU He-jian，a doctor of Jin dynasty. It was composed of 12 kinds of herbs，namely Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata，Morindae Officinalis Radix，Corni Fructus，Cistanches Herba，Dendrobii Caulis，Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia，Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus，Cinnamomi Ramulus，Poria，maimendong，Acori Calami Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix, and mainly used for the treatment of Yinfei. The later records of Dihuang Yinzi mostly followed the prescription composition and main treatment set forth in Xuanming Lunfang，and its clinical application was expanded. In the 199 articles with the indications for disease treatment，Yinfei was the most commonest indication, and took up about half of the total，which was followed by stroke，taking up about two fifths of the total. It was also used for the treatment of sudden aphonia，flaccidity syndrome，vertigo，enuresis. Dihuang Yinzi has a wide range of treatment，but the pathogenes is always belongs to "the deficiency of water and fire in the kidney". The recipe of Dihuang Yinzi was unique，and can be used to treat both the upper and lower parts of the body，as well as both the outward symptoms and root causes of an illness at the same time， in particular，it mainly focuses on the treatment of the lower and the root. Among the 56 literatures with drug dosage records，about one third of them inherited the records of Xuanming Lunfang: "Equal division，the top is the end，3 qian for each dose." The dosage was generally light. The preparations are mostly decoction and boiled powder. In the decocting and taking methods，it was suggested that "turbid medicine shall be boiled for a short time，and taken after several boilings，with no limit to time."
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Objective: To confirm evidence regarding the potential therapeutic effect of Dihuang Yinzi Decoction (DHYZ) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the regulation of apoptotic network using network pharmacology and molecular biology. Methods: The active ingredients of DHYZ were screened and the potential therapeutic targets on AD were predicted, and the drug-target-disease network and protein-protein interactions (PPI) network were built by using network pharmacology. The main targets and signaling pathways of apoptotic networks of DHYZ were performed by bioinformatics analysis. AD cell model was bulit by Aβ1-42 treating serum containing different concentrations. The cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The cell apoptosis related gene and protein express were detected by qPCR and Western blotting. Results: A total of 108 active ingredients of DHYZ were screened out, and 222 potential therapeutic targets for AD were predicted by network pharmacology. Among the 222 potential therapeutic targets, 202 of them had 3 737 kinds of PPI network, which were closely related to the apoptotic network signaling pathways and biological processes regulation, involving TNF, AKT1, MAPK3, NFKB1, TP53, CASP3, etc. The predicted results were verified by qPCR and Western blotting. Meanwhile, cell experiments showed that DHYZ contained serum of different concentrations inhibited apoptosis of Aβ1-42-induced SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent, which was related to the regulation of apoptosis related genes and proteins. Conclusion: The results indicated that the active compounds in DHYZ interact with apoptosis-related multiple targets and multiple pathways, which is an important mechanism of DHYZ for application to AD.
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Objective: To explore the protective effect and the preliminary mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Method: The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established. Totally 90 SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:sham operation group, model group, nimodipine group (0.01 g·kg-1) and high, medium, low-dose Dihuang Yinzi groups (38.80, 19.40, 9.70 g·kg-1), with 20 rats in each group.The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was assayed at the 7th, 14th, 28th days after operation, and the volume of cerebral infarction, pathological changes of brain tissue, the BrdU positive cells and mRNA levels of Notch1, Jagged1 and Hes1 in subventricular zone(SVZ)were observed respectively by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC) stain, htorylin eastin(HE) stain, immunofluorescence technique and reverse transcriphase polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) methods at the 28th day after the operation. Result: The mNSS on the 7th, 14th, 28th days of high, medium-dose Dihuang Yinzi groups and nimodipine group were significantly lower than that of model group(PPth day, the percentage of cerebral infarction volume in brain tissue volume of high, medium-dose Dihuang Yinzi groups and nimodipine group were smaller than that of model group(Pth day, the BrdU positive cells in SVZ of the above 3 groups were significantly higher than model group(PPPth day, the mRNA levels of Notch1, Jagged1 and Hes1 of high, medium-dose Dihuang Yinzi groups and nimodipine group were significantly higher than those of model group(PPPPConclusion: Dihuang Yinzi can improve the nerve function defect of MCAO rat model, and reduce the volume of cerebral infarction and the pathological changes of brain tissue, thus playing a protective role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats. Its mechanism may be related to the activation of the Notch signaling pathway, and the up-regulation of expressions of Notch1, Jagged1 and Hes1 mRNA, thus promoting the proliferation of NSCs.
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Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Peiyuan Tongnao capsule combined with "Zhisanzhen" for post-stroke dementia (PSD) and investigate its mechanism.Method: Ninety-eight eligible patients were randomly divided into control group (49 cases) and observation group (49 cases) by random number table.Both groups received donepezil tablet,10 mg/time,qd,and nimodipine tablet,30 mg/time,qd.Patients in control group additionally took "Zhisanzhen" ,qd,5 times/week.Based on the treatment in control group,patients in observation group additionally took Peiyuan Tongnao capsule,3 capsules/time,tid.The treatment course was 12 weeks.Before and at the 4th,8th and 12th week after treatment,mini-mental state examination (MMSE),montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA),activity of daily living scale (ADL),neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) and symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were evaluated.Before and after treatment,levels of serum hyperhomocysteinemia (Hcy),hepatocyte growth factor (HGF),oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were detected.Result: The total clinical effective rate was 93.88% in observation group,better than 77.55% in control group (χ2=5.333,PFcontrol=3.947,Fobservation=5.833,PFcontrol=3.876,Fobservation=6.011,Pth and 12th after treatment,scores of MMSE in the observation group were all higher than those in control group (Pth week after treatment,score of MoCA in observation group was higher than that in control group (PPPPPConclusion: Peiyuan Tongnao capsule combined with "Zhisanzhen" can improve cognitive and behavioral abilities,improve clinical efficacy,ameliorate abnormal mental behavior,relieve clinical symptoms,and regulate levels of Hcy,Ox-LDL,AchE and HGF in the treatment of post-stroke dementia.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Dihuang Yinzi (DY) on the receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)/reactive oxygen species(ROS)/apoptosis pathway in SH-SY5Y cells induced by amyloid-beta1-42 (Aβ1-42) oligomer. Methods Firstly, we adopted methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) method to detect the cell vitality in fetal bovine serum (FBS) group, blank serum group, and low-, middle- and high- dose DY-containing serum groups, so as to confirm the optimal concentration and treatment time of DY-containing serum. Secondly, we applied MTT method to detect cell vitality and applied Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining method to observe the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells treated with 0~20 μmol/L Aβ1-42 for 24 and 48 h, so as toconfirm the optimal concentration and treatment time of Aβ1-42 for establishing Alzheimer's disease (AD) model in vitro. Thirdly, MTT method was used for the detection of cell vitality, and Annexin V/PI staining method was used for detection of the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells in blank serum group, model group, western medicine control group and low-, middle-and high-dose DY-containing serum groups, and Dihydroethidium (DHE) method was used for the assay of ROS contents, so as to observe the effect of DY on the recovery of injured SH-SY5Y cells induced by Aβ1-42. Finally, we applied Western blot method to detect the expression level of RAGE in SH-SY5Y cells of blank group, model group and DY-containing serum group; after Aβ1-42-induced SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with RAGE gene, we adopted DHE staining method and Annexin V/PI staining method to detect ROS content and cell apoptotic rate in all of the above groups, so as to observe the effect of DY on SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis and RAGE expression. Results The cell vitalities were increased in low- and middle-dose DY-containing serum groups at 24 h (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 compared with that in the blank serum group). The conditions for the establishment of AD model in vitro were as follows: the optimal concentration of Aβ1-42 was 5μmol/L, and the treatment time was 24 h. The cell vitalities were significantly enhanced, the cell apoptotic rate and ROS content were significantly lowered in Aβ1-42-induced SH-SY5Y cells of the medication groups(P <0.05 or P < 0.01 compared with those in the model group) , and the cell vitality was the highest and the cell apoptotic rate was the lowest in the middle-dose DY-containing serum group. The RAGE expression level was decreased in Aβ1-42-induced SH-SY5Y cells of the middle-dose DY-containing serum group(P < 0.05 compared with that in the model group) . ROS content and cell apoptotic rate were decreased in Aβ1-42-induced SH-SY5Y cells transfected with RAGE gene in the middle-dose DY-containing serum group (P<0.01). Conclusion DY may play an anti-oxidative role through inhibiting the production of ROS and cell apoptosis, thus to suppress RAGE protein and to achieve the preventive and therapeutic effect for AD.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Dihuang-Yinzi on cognition and energy metabolism of AD (Alzheimer’s disease) mice. Methods 60 Male APPsw/PS1ΔE9 mice were divided into 5 groups model, positive drug (Aricept), high, medium and low dosage of Dihuang-Yinzi. C57BL/6J mice with same age were served as normal control. All groups were orally administrated for 150 days. The spatial memory and passive avoidance were measured. The energy charge, activity of complex I, II and IV of respiratory chain, enzymatic activity of ATPase and mitochondrial membrane potential were assayed. Results APPsw/PS1ΔE9 mice showed significant impairments in cognition and energy production [(0.39±0.02),(3.28± 0.37)μOD/(min?μg),(0.19±0.04)mOD/(min?μg),(0.26±0.03)mOD/(min?μg),(0.19±0.02),(0.30±0.03)、(3.49±0.73)]with compaired to normal control[(0.57±0.06),(8.74±1.57)μOD/(min?μg),(0.43± 0.02)mOD/(min?μg),(0.69±0.02)mOD/(min?μg),(0.65±0.02),(0.51±0.01),(7.41±1.28)]. Dihuang-Yinzi ameliorates cognition decline, promotes acitivity of energy production related enyzmes, and restores mitochondrial membrane potential in AD mice[(0.57 ± 0.07),(8.42 ± 1.74)μOD/(min ?μg),(0.64 ± 0.03)mOD/(min?μg),(0.68±0.04),(0.55±0.01),(6.69±1.03), P<0.01 or 0.05]. Conclusion Dihuang-Yinzi could improve cognition and energy metabolism of APPsw/PS1ΔE9 mice by protecting mitochondria from pathologic injury.
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Objective To explore the function and mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi (DHYZ) in promoting learning and memory and delaying brain aging. Methods The Wistar rats aged 20 months were randomly assigned to receive oral administration of 6, 12, 18 g?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 DHYZ, or 2 ml/d normal saline (control) for 30 d (n=12 in each group), then space memory was detected with Morris Water Maze, and expression of synaptophysin (SYP) and extracellular regulated protein (ERK) were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Rats administrated with DHYZ showed shorter mean escape latency (P