Dilaceração radicular: relato de caso clínico / Tooth with root dilaceration: case report

A dilaceração radicular é uma anomalia de forma dentária, geralmente associada a fatores etiológicos traumáticos, na qual há uma mudança de direção da raiz, onde a parte calcificada é deslocada em relação à parte não calcificada, podendo ocorrer em qualquer ponto ao longo do comprimento radicular, dependendo do estágio da formação radicular quando ocorre o trauma, o local e a intensidade. Esta condição acomete cerca de 3% dos dentes permanentes. O tratamento da dilaceração radicular é controverso e o planejamento é essencial. O objetivo deste trabalho é demostrar a importância das imagens radiográficas e tomográficas para o diagnóstico e planejamento do tratamento da dilaceração radicular por meio de um caso clínico.

The root dilaceration is an anomaly of tooth form, usually associated with traumatic etiological factors, in which there is a change in the direction of the root, where the calcified portion is offset from the not calcified part, and may occur at any point along the length root, depending on the stage of root formation occurs when injured, it’s location and intensity. This condition affects about 3% of permanent teeth. Treatment of dilaceration root is controversial and planning is essential. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the importance of radiographic and tomographic images for diagnosis and treatment planning of root tearing through a case report.

Morfometría de premolares mandibulares en radiografías panorámicas digitales: análisis de curvaturas radiculares / Morphometric study of mandibular premolars in panoramic digital radiographs: analysis of root curvatures

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el grado y orientación de la curvatura radicular en premolares mandibulares, e identificar el tercio radicular en el que la curvatura se origina, mediante el uso de radiografías panorámicas y morfometría lineal. También se detectó la prevalencia de curvaturas radiculares excesivas o dilaceraciones. Se desarrolló un estudio de corte transversal y la muestra consistió en 477 radiografías panorámicas digitales tomadas durante el año 2014 en un centro radiográfico universitario. Se aplicaron criterios de exclusión tanto para radiografías como para los dientes y de esta manera se incorporaron al estudio 118 radiografías (76 mujeres y 42 hombres) y un total de 294 premolares. A partir del análisis de las muestras, se registró el grado y orientación de curvaturas (mesial o distal), el tercio radicular en el que la curvatura se originó y la prevalencia de dilaceraciones. De los dientes curvados, el ángulo promedio de la curvatura fue de 19,68°. Se encontró que 12,24% de los premolares tienen curvatura con orientación mesial, 58,84% tienen orientación distal y 28,92% son rectos. Del total de curvaturas, el 0,48% se originaron en el tercio cervical, 27,27% en el tercio medio y 72,25% en el tercio apical. Una asociación estadísticamente significativa fue encontrada entre el tipo de diente y la orientación de la curvatura (p= 0,025) y entre el tercio del diente en que se originó la curvatura y la orientación de ésta (p= 0,000). Respecto a los premolares mandibulares, tienen curvaturas radiculares en el 72,09% (ángulo promedio: 13,9°). La mayoría de las curvaturas se originaron en el tercio apical (72,25%). La prevalencia de las dilaceraciones fue de 0% o 30,27%, según distintos criterios. A partir de los resultados obtenidos en nuestra investigación consideramos que el conocimiento de la anatomía radicular de los dientes es de importancia antes de la ejecución de procedimientos en endodoncia, ortodoncia y otras áreas, para realizar una planificación adecuada de estas prácticas odontológicas.

The aim of this study was to describe the degree and orientation of root curvature in mandibular premolars and to identify the radicular third in which the curvature originates, using digital panoramic radiographs and linear morphometry. We also aimed to detect the prevalence of excessive root curvatures or dilacerations. A cross-sectional study was developed and were included 477 digital panoramic radiographs taken during 2014 at a university radiologic center. Exclusion criteria were applied to both radiographs and teeth, so that, 118 radiographs (76 women, 42 men) and a total of 294 premolars were included in the study. From the analysis of the samples, we registered the degree of curvature, the curvature orientation (distal or mesial), the part of the root in which the curvature originates, and the prevalence of dilacerations. In curved teeth, the average angle of the curvature was 19.68°. It was found that 12.24% of the premolars have mesial orientation curves, 58.84% have distal orientation curves, and 28.92% were straight. Of the total number of curvatures, 0.48% originated in the radicular cervical third, 27.27% in the middle third, and 72.25% in the apical third. A statistically significant association was found between tooth type and orientation of the curvature (p= 0.025) and between the tooth third in which the curvature originates and the orientation of the curvature (p= 0.000). In respect to mandibular premolars, 72.09% have root curvatures (average angle: 13.9°). Most curvatures originate in the apical third (72.25%). The prevalence of dilacerations was 0% to 30.27% according to different criteria. From the results of our research we believe that knowledge of the anatomy of the tooth root is important before performing procedures in endodontics, orthodontics and other areas, for a proper planning of these dental practices.