ABSTRACT
ABSTRACTThe present investigation was aimed to detect the specific polypeptide(s) appeared during the sequential stages of differentiation. Among different explants, only nodal explants showed good results for callusing. Depending on the fresh and dry weight, best callus growth was observed on MS medium supplemented with NAA (2.5 mg/L) inDioscorea alata and 2, 4-D (2.0 mg/L) inD. deltoidea, respectively. This callus was used for the regeneration. Roots differentiation was observed on MS medium + NAA (2.0 mg/L) + IBA (0.5 mg/L) and shoots on MS medium + BAP (2.0 mg/L) + NAA (0.5 mg/L) in D. alata while in D. deltoidea, roots on RT medium + IAA (1.0 mg/L) and shoots on RT medium + BAP (1.0 mg/L) + NAA (0.5 mg/L). Continuous decrease was seen in the total soluble protein during the differentiation inD. alatawhereas inD. deltoidea, the protein content decreased upto initiation stage. Four root specific polypeptides (MW 25.56, 24.35, 19.13 and 18.2 kDa) and three shoot specific polypeptides (MW 53.7, 25.12 and 19.13 kDa) were synthesized during the differentiation inD. alata. Similarly, two root specific (MW 33.9 and 31.69 kDa) and one shoot specific (MW 16.98 kDa) polypeptide band were appeared during differentiation in D. deltoidea.
ABSTRACT
Aims: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes may be most likely linked to obesity and its prevalence appears to have increased as the prevalence of obesity increased. Dioscorea alata L. has been observed to possess flavonoids which induce antidiabetic effect and phenolic compounds which could help in weight management. It has been postulated that any therapeutic regimes that can limit weight gain while simultaneously controlling blood glucose levels will be effective in managing diabetes. This study was conducted to determine the effect of this rich plant on food intake, blood glucose and body weight in a normal non- diabetic state. Materials and Methods: The tuber was washed and the edible portion was dried at 50ºC, powdered, passed through 60 mesh sieve (BS), the powder was extracted with hot (70ºC) distilled water in a mechanical shaker for 24 h, filtered and freeze dried to yield aqueous extract. Twenty male wistar rats were used for this study; the rats were randomly assigned into five groups of five rats per group. Rats in group 1 served as control and were administered 0.3ml of 0.9% sodium chloride while Group 2, 3 and 4 received Dioscorea alata L. (DA) extract at 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg of body weight respectively for a period of 21 days. Food intake, Fasting blood glucose and body weight were measured. Results: The results showed that food intake, fasting blood glucose level and body weight were significantly (P=.05) reduced when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Therefore, we recommend that with further research into the extraction of the active constituent of Dioscorea alata L. that caused the reduced food intake, this plant could serve as a great therapeutic diet in the management of diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Se modificó almidón de ñame (Dioscorea alata) mediante tratamientos alcalino y alcohólico-alcalino y se evaluó la composición química y algunas de sus propiedades funcionales, con el fin de sugerir su posible utilización en la elaboración de productos alimenticios. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que la capacidad de absorción de agua (hinchamiento) y la solubilidad se incrementaron con las modificaciones realizadas, al tiempo que la estabilidad al congelamiento-deshielo mejoró con cada uno de los tratamientos. Los almidones modificados experimentaron una menor tendencia a la retrogradación, medida como porcentaje de transmitancia, y la viscosidad de cada una de las suspensiones de almidones de ñame en estudio se mantuvo estable durante el período de calentamiento constante al cual fueron sometidas para la elaboración de las curvas amilográficas. Los almidones de ñame modificados podrían tener aplicación como espesantes para sopas y estabilizantes en postres congelados, especialmente los almidones granulares solubles en agua fría (AGSAF), por presentar una mayor capacidad de solubilizarse en agua a temperatura ambiente.
Yam (Dioscorea alata) starch was modified through alkaline and alcoholic-alkaline treatments, with the objective to assay their chemical composition and some of their functional properties, with the aim of studying its possible use as an ingredient of food products manufacture. The results obtained indicate that water absorption capacity (swelling) and solubility were increased with the modification made, while the freeze-thawing stability improved with each one of the treatments. The modified starch had a lower trend to setback, measured as transmittance percentage, and the viscosity of each one of the studies of yam starch suspensions kept stable during the constant warming period to which they were submitted to obtain the amylographic curves. The modified yam starch could be applied as a thickener for soups and a stabilizer in frozen desserts, specially the cold water soluble granular starch (AGSAF), due to a greater capacity to dissolve in water at room temperature.
Modificou-se amido de inhame (Dioscorea alata) mediante tratamentos alcalino e alcoólico-alcalino e se avaliou a composção química e algumas de suas propriedades funcionais, com a finalidade de sugerir sua posível utilização na elaboração de produtos alimentícios. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a capacidade de absorção de agua (inchamento) e a solubilidade se incrementaram com as modificações realizadas, ao tempo que a estabilidade ao congelamento-degelo melhorou com cada um dos tratamentos. Os amidos modificados experimentaram uma menor tendência à retrogradação, medida como porcentagem de transmitância, e a viscosidade de cada uma das suspensões de amidos de inhame em estudo se manteve estável durante o período de aquecimento constante ao que foram submetidas para a elaboração das curvas amilográficas. Os amidos de inhame modificados poderiam ter aplicação como espessantes para sopas e estabilizantes en sobremesas congeladas, especialmente os amidos granulares solúveis em água fria (AGSAF), por apresentar uma maior capacidade de solubilizar-se em água à temperatura ambiente.
ABSTRACT
El ñame (Dioscorea alata L.), ampliamente usado como fuente de calorías en África, Asia y el Caribe, es una planta herbácea y trepadora que se reproduce generalmente de forma vegetativa y produce un tubérculo comestible de gran tamaño con alto contenido de almidón. Varios microorganismos fitopatógenos, incluyendo virus, hongos y bacterias, afectan al cultivo. Plantas enfermas de la zona de Guarataro, estado Bolívar, Venezuela, fueron colectadas en el 2003, año en que hubo ~80% de pérdidas en la producción de ñame de la zona a causa de una enfermedad desconocida. Hojas colectadas de plantas enfermas con lesiones acuosas y necróticas fueron esterilizadas superficialmente y transferidas a solución salina para permitir la difusión de bacterias desde los bordes del tejido y ser luego sembradas en medio LB agar. Como controles se emplearon agua y medio LB. Colonias amarillas, brillantes y lisas, fueron visibles a las 24-48h de incubación a 30ºC. Varios aislados fueron inoculados en las pruebas de hipersensibilidad en tabaco y de patogenicidad en plántulas de ñame cultivadas in vitro. Varios grados de respuesta de hipersensibilidad en tabaco fueron observados. Las plántulas de ñame inoculadas mostraron lesiones acuosas en la lámina foliar, las cuales no se observaron en los controles. Aislados bacterianos fueron observados mediante microscopía de luz, revelando bacterias bacilares Gram negativas. Varios flagelos peritricos fueron observados por microscopía electrónica. Los resultados de las pruebas bioquímicas y fisiológicas indicaron que los aislados corresponden a Pantoea agglomerans (Enterobacteriacea). Se discuten diferentes metodologías para la identificación de bacterias.
Water yam (Dioscorea alata L.), a staple crop in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean, is a herbaceous twining vine plant generally reproduced by vegetative sections and highly affected by several phytopathogenic organisms including virus, fungi and bacteria. Diseased plants were collected from Guarataro, Bolívar State, Venezuela, in 2003. That year an unknown disease led to ~80% loss of water yam production. The leaves from diseased plants have watery or necrotic lesions on the leaf lamina. Pieces of necrotic tissue were surface sterilized, then transferred to saline solution and the bacteria allowed to diffuse into the solution from the edge of the dissected tissue. The bacteria were isolated on LB agar media. Yellow, shining, smooth colonies with regular margins were visible within 24-48h of incubation at 30ºC. Several isolates were inoculated on tobacco plants. Water and LB media were used as negative controls. Several degrees of hypersensitivity response resulted from the inoculation of tobacco. However, inoculation of in vitro water yam plants showed watering lesions on the leaf lamina inoculated with bacteria cultures and no lesions on water and media inoculated leaves. Bacterial cells observed by light microscopy showed Gram-negative regular rods. Several peritricous flagella were observed under EM. Data from biochemical and physiological tests indicated that the isolates belong to the Enterobacteriaceas family specifically to Pantoea agglomerans. Different methodologies for bacterial identification are discussed.
O inhame (Dioscorea alata L.), amplamente usado como fonte de calorias na África, Ásia e no Caribe, é uma planta herbácea e trepadeira que se reproduz geralmente de forma vegetativa e produz um tubérculo comestível de grande tamanho com alto conteúdo de amido. Vários microorganismos fitopatógenos, incluindo vírus, fungos e bactérias, afetam ao cultivo. Plantas enfermas da zona de Guarataro, estado Bolívar, Venezuela, foram coletadas em 2003, ano em que houve ~80% de perdas na produção de inhame dessa zona a causa de uma enfermidade desconhecida. Folhas coletadas de plantas enfermas com lesões aquosas e necróticas foram esterilizadas superficialmente e transferidas a uma solução salina para permitir a difusão de bactérias desde as bordas do tecido e ser logo plantadas em meio LBA. Como controles foram empregados água e meio LBA. Colônias amarelas, brilhantes e lisas, foram visíveis às 24-48h de incubação a 30ºC. Vários isolados foram inoculados nas provas de hipersensibilidade em tabaco e de patogenicidade em plântulas de inhame cultivadas in vitro. Vários graus de resposta de hipersensibilidade em tabaco foram observados. As de plântulas de inhame inoculadas mostraram lesões aquosas na lâmina foliar, as quais não se observaram nos controles. Isolados bacterianos foram observados mediante microscopia de luz, revelando bactérias bacilares Gram negativas. Vários flagelos perítricos foram observados por microscopia eletrônica. Os resultados das provas bioquímicas e fisiológicas indicaram que os isolados correspondem a Pantoea agglomerans (Enterobacteriacea). Discutem-se diferentes metodologias para a identificação de.