Effectiveness Comparison of Polysaccharides, Proteins, and Lipids as Composite Edible Coatings on the Quality of Food Products / Comparación de la Efectividad de Polisacáridos, Proteínas y Lípidos como Recubrimientos Compuestos Comestibles en la Calidad de los Productos Alimenticios

Background: This research was motivated by the complaints of tomato farmers about their crops that quickly rotted before being sold, as well as the many research results (raw materials and methods) that edible coating films could not be applied optimally. Objectives: The research was a practical recommendation by comparing the effectiveness of raw materials (polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids) with the dipping and spray methods. Materials and methods used in the comparison process were the application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. Results: Dipping has a strong effect (f2 ≥ 0.35; p<0.05), while spray had a moderate effect (f2: 0.15-0.35; p<0.05). Thus, the role of dipping as a mediator was more dominant than spray. Compared to proteins and lipids, polysaccharides had the best effectiveness (ß:0.460-0.584; f2: 0.15-0.35; p<0.05). Conclusion: the three ingredients improved the quality of tomatoes, and the dipping method was easier to apply by farmers than the spray method, which had many obstacles in its application

Antecedentes: esta investigación está motivada por las quejas de los productores de tomate sobre sus cultivos que se pudren rápidamente antes de ser vendidos, así como por los muchos resultados de la investigación (materias primas y métodos) de que las películas de recubrimiento comestibles no se pudieron aplicar de manera óptima. Objetivos: La investigación consiste en recomendaciones prácticas mediante la comparación de la eficacia de las materias primas (polisacáridos, proteínas y lípidos) con los métodos de inmersión y aspersión. Métodos: El método utilizado en el proceso de comparación es la aplicación del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) con el enfoque de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS). Resultados: La inmersión tiene un efecto fuerte (f2 ≥ 0,35; p<0,05), mientras que la pulverización tiene un efecto moderado (f2: 0,15-0,35; p<0,05). Por lo tanto, el papel de la inmersión como mediador es más dominante que el del rociado. Los polisacáridos tienen la mejor eficacia (ß:0,460-0,584; f2: 0,15-0,35; p<0,05) en comparación con las proteínas y los lípidos. Conclusión: es que los tres ingredientes pueden mejorar la calidad de los tomates, y el método de inmersión es más fácil de aplicar por los agricultores que el método de aspersión, que tiene muchos obstáculos en su aplicación

Value of abnormal circadian rhythm of heart rate predicting the all-cause mortality in stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of abnormal heart rate circadian rhythm for all-cause mortality in stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD 5) patients.Methods:The retrospective study was performed in CKD 5 patients enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital) and the Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from February, 2011 to December, 2019. A total of 159 healthy volunteers were enrolled as the healthy control group during the same period. The circadian rhythm of heart rate was monitored by 24-hour Holter. Related indices (including 24-hour, daytime and nighttime mean heart rate, night/day heart rate ratio, 24-hour maximum heart rate, 24-hour minimum heart rate and difference between maximum and minimum of 24-hour heart rate) were calculated. Non-dipping heart rate was defined as night/day heart rate ratio greater than 0.9. Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of all-cause mortality in CKD 5 patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test were used to compare the differences of cumulative mortality between high ratio group (night/day heart rate ratio>0.91) and low ratio group (night/day heart rate ratio≤0.91). The nonlinear relationship between night/day heart rate ratio and all-cause mortality was analyzed by restricted cubic spline plot. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of night/day heart rate ratio for all-cause mortality in CKD 5 patients.Results:A total of 159 healthy volunteers and 221 CKD 5 patients were included in this study. There were 123 males (55.66%) and the age was (52.72±13.13) years old in CKD 5 patients. The total median follow-up time was 50.0 months. Compared with controls, 24-hour, nighttime mean heart rate, 24-hour minimum heart rate in CKD 5 patients were increased (all P<0.05), furthermore, the night/day heart rate ratio was higher [(0.91±0.09) vs (0.81±0.08), P<0.001], showing "non-dipping heart rate". However, the 24-hour maximum heart rate and the difference between maximum and minimum of 24-hour heart rate in CKD 5 patients were lower than controls (both P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the increased night/day heart rate ratio (per 0.1 increase, HR=1.557, 95% CI 1.073-2.258, P=0.020) was an independent influencing factor for all-cause mortality in CKD 5 patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the cumulative mortality of the high ratio group was significantly increased than that of the low ratio group (Log-rank test χ 2=7.232, P=0.007). From the restricted cubic spline plot, there was a linear effect between night/day heart rate ratio and all-cause mortality ( P=0.141), and when night/day heart rate ratio was above 0.91, the risk of all-cause mortality was significantly increased in CKD 5 patients. According to time-dependent ROC curve, the accuracy of night/day heart rate ratio in predicting all-cause mortality was 70.90% even when the survival time was up to 70.0 months. Conclusions:The circadian rhythm of heart rate in CKD 5 patients displays "non-dipping" state. High night/day heart rate ratio is an independent influencing factor for all-cause mortality in CKD 5 patients.

Monitorización ambulatoria de presión arterial (MAPA): recomendaciones de la rama de nefrología pediátrica / Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM): statement from chilean pediatric nephrology committee

Resumen: La monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial (MAPA) es una herramienta clínica útil para el diagnóstico y confirmación de hipertensión arterial en pediatría y permite igualmente el diagnóstico de condiciones especiales como la hipertensión de delantal blanco e hipertensión enmascarada. Exis ten recomendaciones internacionales para su realización e interpretación, sin embargo, aún quedan interrogantes por resolver. En esta guía se resume la bibliografía disponible y se intenta estandarizar, a través de consenso de especialistas nacionales, la aplicación de esta técnica. Se necesitan más estudios de investigación en niños que aporten nuevos valores de referencia y que determinen la relación de alteraciones en MAPA con resultados clínicos a largo plazo.

Abstract: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a useful clinical tool for the diagnosis and confir mation of arterial hypertension in pediatrics, and also allows the diagnosis of special conditions such as white coat hypertension and masked hypertension. There are international recommendations for its implementation and interpretation, however, there are still unresolved questions. This guide summarizes the available literature and attempts to standardize, through consensus of national specia lists, the application of this technique. More research studies are needed that provide new reference values and determine the relationship of alterations in ABPM with long-term clinical results.

Importance Of Non–dipping Pattern In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Introduction: Hypertension was prevalent in 80 to 90% of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), Hypertension was widely known to accelerate the progression of CKD and increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. In essential hypertension, it was observed that 24hr ambulatory BP and a non–dipping profile were closely associated with increased target–organ damage and a worsened CV outcome than clinic BP. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between non dipping pattern, traditional risk factors such as age, gender, cholesterol, asymptomatic atherosclerosis markers (LVMI, Carotid IMT, ABI) and cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients. Methodology: Patients attending hemodialysis unit and the outpatient department of the Osmania General Hospital were formed as the material of study. Results: According to the Sleep /Awake BP ratio> 0.9 in their ambulatory BP recordings; The percentage of non dipping pattern was observed in 72% and the remaining 28% had dipping phenomenon. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated by Modification of diet in renal disease study (MDRD) equation has ranged around 4.8 to 77 ml/mim/1.73m2 and was negatively correlated with sleep/awake BP ratio. The percentage of diabetes was observed to be higher in the non–dippers. The non–dipping phenomenon was significantly associated with asymptomatic atherosclerosis markers (LVMI, Carotid IMT, and ABI). There was a high prevalence of CV events (1 in dipper and 17 in non–dippers) and CV related deaths (1 in dipper and 9 in non–dippers) in non dippers.

Study of Blood Pressure Variability and Nocturnal Dipping in Primary Hypertensive Patients by Ambulatory BP Monitoring

Introduction: Assessment of fluctuation of blood pressure in atime range from minutes to hours is possible through the use ofintermittent, noninvasive 24 h ambulatory blood pressuremonitoring (ABPM).This study was conducted with the Aimsand Objectives of determining BP variability and nocturnaldipping in primary hypertensive patients.Materials and Methods: The present observational study wasconducted at a tertiary care hospital after getting approval fromEthics Committee with 80 patients between August 2016 toOctober 2017. Schiller BR-102 plus 24 hour ambulatory BloodPressure Recorder was the equipment used for our study.Statistical analysis of data derived from patients was done.Results: Out of 80 patients studied, 53 patients had one ormore of Target Organ Damage and there was no evidence ofTarget Organ Damage in 27 patients. In the present study, nosignificant difference has been found in nocturnal dipping andblood pressure variability in patients with and without targetorgan damage.

Association Between Non-Dipping and Fragmented QRS Complexes in Prehypertensive Patients / Associação entre Ausência de Descenso da Pressão Arterial Durante o Sono e a Fragmentação do Complexo QRS em Pacientes Pré-Hipertensos

Abstract Background: Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is a sign of adverse cardiovascular events in various cardiovascular diseases. It is also associated with increased blood pressure and non-dipping in hypertensive patients. However, no study has investigated the importance of fQRS in prehypertensive patients. Objectives: The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between fQRS and non-dipper status in prehypertensive patients. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen eligible, newly diagnosed prehypertensive patients who underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for further evaluation of blood pressure between June 2015 and July 2016 were included into the study. Patients were divided into three groups according to ABPM results: normotensives, dipper prehypertensives, and non-dipper prehypertensives. Groups were compared regarding presence of fQRS on electrocardiography. Additionally, multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between fQRS and blood pressure pattern in prehypertensive patients. Results: According to ABPM recordings, 61 patients had normotensive blood pressure pattern (systolic blood pressure < 120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg). Of the remaining 155 prehypertensive patients, 83 were dippers and 72 were non-dippers. Non-dipper prehypertensives had a significantly higher frequency of fQRS compared to normotensives (p = 0.048). Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that fQRS is an independent predictor of non-dipping blood pressure pattern in prehypertensive patients (p = 0.017, OR: 4.071, 95% CI: 1.281-12.936). Conclusions: We found that fQRS is a predictor of non-dipping in prehypertensives. As a marker of fibrosis and higher fibrotic burden within myocardium, fQRS may be useful in identifying high-risk prehypertensive patients before the development of hypertension.

Resumo Fundamento: A fragmentação do QRS (fQRS) é um sinal de eventos cardiovasculares adversos em várias doenças cardiovasculares. É associado também à pressão arterial elevada e à ausência de descenso da pressão arterial durante o sono (non-dipping) em pacientes pré-hipertensos. Objetivos: O objetivo do estudo presente é investigar a relação entre fQRS e ausência de descenso da pressão arterial durante o sono em pacientes pré-hipertensos. Métodos: Duzentos e dezesseis pacientes elegíveis, recém-diagnosticados com pré-hipertensão, que foram submetidos a monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) durante 24 horas para avaliação mais aprofundada da pressão arterial entre junho de 2015 e julho de 2016, foram incluídos no estudo. De acordo com os resultados da MAPA, os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: normotensos, pré-hipertensos com descenso da pressão arterial durante o sono (padrão dipping) e pré-hipertensos com ausência de descenso da pressão arterial durante o sono (padrão non-dipping). Os grupos foram comparados quanto à presença de fQRS no eletrocardiograma. Adicionalmente, utilizou-se a análise de regressão logística multinomial para determinar a relação entre a fQRS e o padrão de pressão arterial em pacientes pré-hipertensos. Resultados: De acordo com os registos da MAPA, 61 pacientes apresentavam padrão de pressão arterial normotenso (pressão arterial sistólica < 120 mmHg e pressão arterial diastólica < 80 mmHg). Dos 155 pacientes pré-hipertensos, 83 tinham padrão dipping e 72 tinham padrão non-dipping. Os pacientes pré-hipertensos com padrão non-dipping tinham uma frequência significativamente mais alta de fQRS em comparação com os pacientes normotensos (p = 0,048). Além disso, a análise de regressão logística multinomial revelou que fQRS é um preditor independente do padrão non-dipping de pressão arterial em pacientes pré-hipertensos (p = 0,017, OR: 4,071, 95 % CI: 1,281-12,936). Conclusões: Verificamos que a fQRS é um preditor do padrão non-dipping em pacientes pré-hipertensos. Como marcador de fibrose e aumento na carga fibrótica do miocárdio, a fQRS pode ser útil na identificação de pacientes pré-hipertensos de alto risco antes do desenvolvimento da hipertensão.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinical practice

Being one of the most widely prevalent diseases throughout the world, hypertension has emerged as one of the leading causes of global premature morbidity and mortality. Hence, blood pressure (BP) measurements are essential for physicians in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines recommend initiating antihypertensive medications on the basis of office BP readings. However, office BP readings provide a snapshot evaluation of the patient's BP, which might not reflect patient's true BP, with the possibility of being falsely elevated or falsely low. Recently, there is ample evidence to show that ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a better predictor of major cardiovascular events than BP measurements at clinic settings. ABPM helps in reducing the number of possible false readings, along with the added benefit of understanding the dynamic variability of BP. This article will focus on the significance of ambulatory BP, its advantages and limitations compared with the standard office BP measurement and a brief outlook on its use and interpretation to diagnose and treat hypertension.

Redução da presença de staphylococcus aureus com o uso de diferentes antissépticos em um rebanho leiteiro / Reduction of the presence of staphylococcus aureus with the use of different antiseptics in a dairy herd

A mastite está entre as principais enfermidades na pecuária leiteira, é considerada endêmica e onerosa para os produtores leiteiros e indústrias de laticínios. O Staphylococcus aureus está envolvido na maioria dos casos de mastite bovina, sendo disseminado de forma contagiosa. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do pré dipping, utilizando três princípios ativos comerciais para redução bacteriana do S. aureus, isolados do leite in natura, provenientes de um rebanho leiteiro localizado na região nordeste do município de Garibaldi, RS. Foram avaliadas 36 fêmeas bovinas e três antissépticos (iodo, clorexidina e ácido lático). Após a higienização, de acordo com cada experimento, foram desprezados os três primeiros jatos sendo colhidos 30 mL de leite em frascos estéreis, totalizando 144 amostras in natura, semeadas em placas de Ágar Baird Parker e procedeu- se à contagem das unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC/mL). As análises foram realizadas durante o mês de outubro de 2016. Foi evidente a redução microbiana das estirpes de S. aureus com o uso dos antissépticos, no entanto não foi suficiente para verificar uma ação bactericida. Os resultados mostraram redução significativa do crescimento do S. aureus nas amostras analisadas, a maior efetividade na redução foi verificada com o uso do iodo com 66,67%, seguido de 37,50% de redução com o uso da clorexidina e 29,17% de redução com o uso do ácido lático. A partir destes dados, conclui-se que a aplicação dos antissépticos utilizados é uma prática fundamental para reduzir a contaminação de patógenos nos tetos das bovinas, sendo medidas higienicossanitário efetivas para garantir a segurança do leite in natura.(AU)

Mastitis is among the main diseases in dairy farming, it is considered endemic and expensive for the dairy producers and industries. The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is involved in the majority of the cases of bovine mastitis, being spread contagiously. In this regard, the present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of pre-dipping, using three commercial active principles for bacterial reduction of Staphylococcus aureus; isolated from milk in natura, proceeding from a dairy herd in the northeast region of the city of Garibaldi, RS. 36 female bovines and three antiseptics were evaluated (iodine, chlorhexidine and lactic acid). After the hygienic cleaning in accordance with each trial, the first three shots of milk were rejected and 1.01 fl oz of milk was harvested in sterile bottles, making a total of 144 samples in natura cultured in plates of Baird Parker Agar. Afterwards, the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU/fl oz) was counted. The analyses had been carried through during the month of October of 2016. The microbial reduction of the strains of S. aureus was evident with the use of antiseptics, however, it was not enough to verify a bactericidal effect. The results have shown significant reduction of the growth of S. aureus in the analyzed samples, the biggest effect in the reduction was verified with the use of iodine, 66.67%, followed by 37, 50% of reduction with the use of chlorhexidine and 29.17% of reduction with the use of lactic acid. From these data, we are able to conclude that the use of these tested antiseptics is essential to reduce the contamination of pathogens on the teats of the bovine. These are hygienicalsanitary measures effective to guarantee the aptness of milk in natura

Law and mechanism of incorporating different insoluble drugs into mesoporous silica nanoparticles by dipping centrifugation method / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the relationship between drug concentration and drug loading efficiency and to explore mechanism of drug loading by incorporating different insoluble drugs into mesoporous silica nanoparticles with dipping centrifugation method. Methods: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. Silybin, puerarin, berberine, curcumin, and ferulic acid were used as model drugs and loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles using two technologies: The volume of drug solution or drug amount was fixed respectively. The relationship between drug concentration and drug loading was analyzed. Paclitaxel, tanshinone IIA and tetrahydropalmatine were used to validate the law. Nanoparticles loaded silybin, puerarin, and ferulic acid with high drug loading efficiency were characterized by scan electron microscopy and DSC. Results: The average size of mesoporous silica nanoparticles was (220 ± 21) nm, with a specific surface area of 353.53 m2/g, pore size of 1.53 nm and pore volume of about 0.4 cm3/g. In the condition of a fixed mass ratio of drug to mesoporous silica nanoparticles, the drug loading efficiency was always linearly related to the drug concentration at the above preparation technology even if drug loading of different drugs were analyzed together. No obvious drug crystallines were observed in the surface of nanoparticles by scan electron microscopy. Melting peaks of silybin, puerarin and ferulic acid were all observed in DSC curves of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded drugs, but their heat absorption amounts per mg were all smaller than physical mixtures. Conclusion: The drug solution concentration was the key factor on drug loading efficiency of mesoporous silica nanoparticles by dipping centrifugation method and drugs existed in pores of mesoporous silica nanoparticles in crystalline and amorphous forms.

Quality evaluation of Linderae Radix from different growing areas / 中成药

AIM To evaluate the quality of Linderae Radix from different growing areas.METHODS Hot dipping method was applied to determining the extract content.HPLC was adopted in the content derermination of linderane,linderalactone and norisoboldine.Then SPSS19.0 software was used for principal component analysis.RESULTS The effect degrees of various index components were in sequence of extract ＞ norisoboldine ＞ linderalactone ＞ linderane.The accumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components (total content of four index components,extract content) reached 86.86％.The comprehensive score of Linderae Radix from Taizhou (Zhejiang) was the highest.CONCLUSION Taking Taizhou (Zhejiang) as the genuine producing area of Linderae Radix has a certain scientific basis.

Quality evaluation of Linderae Radix from different growing areas / 中成药

AIM To evaluate the quality of Linderae Radix from different growing areas.METHODS Hot dipping method was applied to determining the extract content.HPLC was adopted in the content derermination of linderane,linderalactone and norisoboldine.Then SPSS19.0 software was used for principal component analysis.RESULTS The effect degrees of various index components were in sequence of extract ＞ norisoboldine ＞ linderalactone ＞ linderane.The accumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components (total content of four index components,extract content) reached 86.86％.The comprehensive score of Linderae Radix from Taizhou (Zhejiang) was the highest.CONCLUSION Taking Taizhou (Zhejiang) as the genuine producing area of Linderae Radix has a certain scientific basis.

The relationship between serum albumin levels and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring recordings in non-diabetic essential hypertensive patients

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum albumin levels and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24-h ABPM) recordings in non-diabetic essential hypertensive patients. METHODS: A total of 354 patients (mean [SD] age: 55.5 [14.3] years, 50% females) with essential hypertension and 24-h ABPM recordings were included. Patient 24-h nighttime and daytime ABPM values, systolic and diastolic dipping status and average nocturnal dipping were recorded. The correlations between serum albumin levels and nocturnal systolic and diastolic dipping were evaluated, and correlates of average nocturnal systolic dipping were determined via a linear regression model. RESULTS: Overall, 73.2% of patients were determined to be non-dippers. The mean (SD) levels of serum albumin (4.2 [0.3] g/dL vs. 4.4 [0.4] g/dL, p<0.001) and the average nocturnal systolic (15.2 [4.8] mmHg vs. 0.3 [6.6] mmHg, p<0.001) and diastolic dipping (4.2 [8.6] mmHg vs. 18.9 [7.0] mmHg, p<0.001) were significantly lower in non-dippers than in dippers. A significant positive correlation was noted between serum albumin levels and both systolic (r=0.297, p<0.001) and diastolic dipping (r=0.265, p<0.001). The linear regression analysis revealed that for each one-unit increase in serum albumin, the average nocturnal dip in systolic BP increased by 0.17 mmHg (p=0.033). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate an association between serum albumin levels and the deterioration of circadian BP rhythm among essential hypertensive patients along with the identification of a non-dipper pattern in more than two-thirds of patients. Our findings emphasize the importance of serum albumin levels, rather than urinary albumin excretion, as an independent predictor of nocturnal systolic dipping, at least in non-diabetic essential hypertensive patients with moderate proteinuria.

Endocan and Non-Dipping Circadian Pattern in Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertension

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Non-dipper hypertension is frequently accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and activation. Previous studies suggested that endocan may be a novel endothelial dysfunction marker. This study aims to investigate the association between circadian blood pressure (BP) pattern and plasma endocan levels together with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in patients with newly diagnosed untreated hypertension. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was recorded in 35 dipper, 35 non-dipper hypertensives and 35 healthy controls. Endocan levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of hsCRP were also recorded. RESULTS: Despite similar daytime and 24-hour average BP values between dippers and non-dippers, statistically significant high nocturnal BP was accompanied by a non-dipping pattern (Systolic BP: 132±9 vs. 147±11 mmHg; Distolic BP: 80±7 vs. 91±9 mmHg, respectively, p<0.001 for both). Non-dipper patients demonstrated higher endocan levels compared to dippers and normotensives (367 (193-844) pg/mL, 254 (182-512) pg/mL and 237 (141-314) pg/ml, respectively, p<0.001). HsCRP levels were significantly higher in non-dippers than the other groups (p=0.013). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, endocan (p=0.021) and hsCRP (p=0.044) were independently associated with a non-dipping pattern. CONCLUSION: Elevated endocan levels were found in non-dipper groups. Endocan and hsCRP were found to be independently associated with a non-dipping pattern. We suggest that elevated levels of endocan in non-dipper hypertensive patients might be associated with a longer duration of exposure to high BP. These results point to the possible future role of endocan in selection of hypertensive patients at higher risk or target organ damage.

Ação dos desinfetantes sobre a adesão e biofilme consolidado de staphylococcus spp / Action of products based on chlorhexidine and iodine for the adhesion and consolidated biofilm of staphylococcus spp isolated from milk

Staphylococcus spp. são reconhecidos como importantes causadores de mastites em rebanhos leiteiros. Esses micro-organismos têm a capacidade de produzir uma estrutura denominada biofilme, que é responsável pela sobrevivência e muitas vezes pela resistência a ação de produtos desinfetantes e as demais condições adversas. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a ação de dois produtos pós-dipping a base de iodo (0,7%) e clorexidine (2,0%) sobre a adesão de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP) e Staphy-lococcus coagulase negativa (SCN) isolados de casos de mastite subclínica, e também sobre biofilmes pré formados a partir destes isolados. Os produtos testados apresentaram uma alta redução na taxa de adesão de todos os isolados. No entanto, a ação sobre os biofilmes consolidados só foi estatisticamente significativa sobre os SCN. Assim, ressalta-se a importância dos programas sanitários a fim de prevenir a formação de biofilmes e diminuir as fontes de contaminação da glândula mamaria em sistemas de produção leiteira.

Staphylococcus spp. are recognized as important causes of mastitis in dairy herds. These microorganisms have the ability to produce a structure called biofilm, which is responsible for the survival and often for resistance to the action of disinfectants and other harsh conditions. In this paper we evaluate the action of two teat dip products based on iodine (0,7%) and chlorhexidine (2,0%) on the adhesion of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) from subclinical mastitis cases, and also on its consolidate biofilm. The products tested showed a high reduction on the adhesion of all isolates. However, action on the consolidate biofilm was significant for CNS only, and unsatisfactory for CPS. Thus, it emphasizes the importance of health programs to prevent biofilm formation and reduce the sources of contamination of the mammary gland in dairy production systems.

Mosquito resistance against different insecticides in Songjiang District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

[ Objective] To investigate the resistance of mosquito against insecticides in Songjiang, providing scientific basis for appropriate application of insecticides. [ Methods ] The dipping method and drug velum contacting method were used for determination of the resistance of culex pipiens pallens and anopheles hurcanus sinensis against insecticides. [ Results] Culex pipiens pallens were found to have high resistance to DDVP, resistance coefficient 30.07, and low resistance to cypermethrin, fenobucarb and deltamethrin, resistance coefficient 3.96, 3.25 and 2.79, while their sensitivity to beta-cypermethrin, resistance coefficient 0.28.Anopheles sinensis had R level resistance to DDT and deltamethrin, mortality rates 73.36%and 57.50%respectively. [ Conclusion] Mosquitos in Songjiang District have developed different degrees of resistance to insecticides.In order to control and delay their resistance, insecticides should be alternated and combined in application.

Blood pressure variability and pedigree analysis of nocturnal SBP dipping in Kumbas from rural Chhattisgarh, India.

Family is the smallest unit of people to share most of the lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors. They are likely to have similarity in many physiological and behavioural aspects. Therefore, we designed a protocol to test the effect of large rural Indian families living together (Kumbas), on blood pressure variability. We also investigated the hypothesis that ‘nocturnal dipping’ in systolic blood pressure (SBP) is not heritable. Members of two families (1 and 2) consisting of 3-4 generations willingly participated in the study. Both families (natives of Chhattisgarh) belong to reasonably peaceful rural area and are financially stable. Farming is the main occupation of the members of both families. Few members of the families had jobs or small business. The null hypothesis regarding heritability of nocturnal dipping trait was accepted based on data emanating from either of the studied families. Hourly-averaged values depicted less variation in males and females of family 1 from midnight to early morning at around 06:00, as compared to that in males and females of family 2. The 24 h averages of BP in family 2 were significantly higher as compared to that in family 1. Further, in family 2 the peaks of SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) occurred significantly earlier as compared to that in family 1. The peak spread of SBP, DBP, heart rate (HR), MAP and pulse pressure (PP) among the members of family 1 was narrower than that for the members of family 2. Arbitrary cut-off values for classification of dipping, small sample size, and age dependency of nocturnal dipping might have marred outcome of the pedigree analysis of nocturnal dipping trait in this study. We have a hunch that the family shares typical temporal ups and downs in 24 h BP and HR. The above hypothesis needs confirmation based on studies with large data set involving subjective and objective assessment of the effects of psychosocial factors on BP and HR variability.

Ocular Dipping in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

BACKGROUND: Ocular dipping (OD), or inverse ocular bobbing, consists of slow, spontaneous downward eye movements with rapid return to the primary position. It has been mainly reported following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, but has also been described in association with other types of diffuse or multifocal encephalopathies and structural brainstem damage. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a previously asymptomatic 66-year-old woman who presented with confusion, recent memory disturbances, and abnormal involuntary movements, followed by a coma. Abnormal spontaneous vertical eye movements consistent with OD developed from the fourth day after admission, and the patient died 20 days later. The pathological examination of the brain confirmed the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. CONCLUSIONS: The precise location of damage causing OD is unknown. In contrast to ocular bobbing, OD has no localizing value itself, but structural brainstem damage is likely when it appears combined with other spontaneous vertical eye movements.

Factors Affecting Iodine Content in Dairy Cow’s Milk – a Review.

Recently, milk has been suggested as one of the main sources of iodine for human intake. However, there is the potential for problems resulting from excessive amounts of iodine in cow milk. Supplementary feed iodine increases milk iodine and is apparently the cause of many of the high milk iodine values. Iodine teat dips and sanitizers also contribute to increased milk iodine values. Variability of these practices may result in variation of iodine concentrations in milk. In addition, the transportation and processing phases of milk production, where iodophor sanitizers are used, season, geographic region, stage of lactation and iodine antagonists in feeds, may influence milk iodine concentration. It seems that Iodine concentration in milk should be monitored, regularly.

A Reverse Dipping Pattern Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality In a Clinical Cohort

An abnormal dipping pattern in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. However, its impact on CV mortality has not been investigated sufficiently in clinical practice to be considered a standard parameter. We assessed the association between abnormal dipping patterns and increased CV mortality in a tertiary hospital in Korea. Our retrospective cohort study included 401 patients who underwent ABPM between 1994 and 1996 in Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The patients were classified as risers ( or =0% drop, n=294). The follow-up period was 120 months. The frequency of CV mortality was 14.0% in risers and 5.8% in others. A Cox regression analysis found a significant association between dipping pattern and CV mortality, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and hypercholesterolemia. Risers were at greater risk of CV death than others (RR, 3.02, P=0.022), but there was no difference in event rates between dippers and non-dippers. The reverse dipping pattern may be more frequent in clinical settings than in the population at large, and it is strongly associated with increased risk of CV mortality in Korea.