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1.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 51(11): e20200927, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1278877

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Brazil is the largest exporter and second largest producer of soybean grains. Most of this production is from plants grown under no-tillage system (NT). This research evaluated the effect of soil compaction, and different amounts of black oat residues on the soil surface on soybean growth and grain yield in lowland under NT. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications, in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 crop seasons. The treatments consisted of: 1) winter fallow without soil compaction (WF); 2) winter fallow with soil compaction (WF-C); 3) black oats and complete removal of surface residues, with soil compaction (0R-C); 4) black oats and removal half of surface residues, with soil compaction (0.5R-C); 5) black oats without surface residue removal, with soil compaction (1R-C); 6) black oats without surface residue removal, plus the residues from treatment 3, with soil compaction (2R-C); 7) black oats without surface residue removal, without soil compaction (1R). When the soybean plants were at the phenological stage R2, they were evaluated nodule, root and shoot dry matter, nitrogen contents, plant height, and grain yield. The soil physical properties were evaluated in the 0.0-0.05, 0.10-0.15 and 0.20-0.25 m layers. The soybean aerial dry matter is > 38% in non-compacted soil in year with soil water excess, regardless of the amount of surface oat straw. In year with small water deficit, soil with more surface oat straw produced > 5% shoot dry matter and > 4% of soybean grain, regardless of compaction. The plant growth and grain yield soybean in lowland varied according to the water conditions, and were affected by soil compaction and amounts of black oats residues on soil surface.


RESUMO: O Brasil se destaca na produção de soja, sendo o maior exportador e o segundo maior produtor do grão e a maior parte é cultivado em sistema plantio direto (SPD). Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da compactação, cultivo e quantidades de palha de aveia preta na superfície do solo sobre o crescimento e o rendimento de grãos de soja em SPD em terras baixas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos, nas safras 2016/17 e 2017/18, foram: 1) Pousio no inverno sem compactação (WF); 2) Pousio no inverno + compactação (WF-C); 3) Aveia preta e retirada da palha superficial + compactação (0R-C); 4) Aveia e retirada da metade da palha + compactação (0,5R-C); 5) Aveia + permanência da palhada + compactação (1R-C); 6) Aveia + a palha retirada do tratamento 3 (2 doses palha) + compactação (2R-C); 7) Aveia + permanência da palha, sem compactação (1R). No estádio fenológico R2 a soja foram avaliadas a massa seca de nódulos e de raízes, massa seca e nitrogênio da parte aérea, altura de plantas e produtividade de grãos. No solo foram avaliadas propriedades físicas nas camadas de 0,0-0,05; 0,10-0,15 e 0,20-0,25 m. A produção de massa seca da parte aérea de soja é > 38% em solo não compactado em ano com excesso hídrico independente da quantidade de palha de aveia na superfície. Em ano com pequeno déficit hídrico os tratamentos com mais palha produziram > 5% de massa seca da parte aérea e > 4% de grãos de soja, independente da compactação. O crescimento e o rendimento de grãos de soja em terras baixas oscilam de acordo com as condições hídricas, sendo influenciada pela compactação e quantidade de palha superficial.

2.
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B ; (12): 1002-1021, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-922559

ABSTRACT

Mesocotyl elongation is a key trait influencing seedling emergence and establishment in direct-seeding rice cultivation. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) has positive effects on mesocotyl elongation in rice. However, the physiological and molecular basis underlying the regulation of mesocotyl elongation mediated by GA priming under deep-sowing conditions remains largely unclear. In the present study, we performed a physiological and comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the function of GA priming in mesocotyl elongation and seedling emergence using a direct-seeding

3.
Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs ; (24): 4478-4487, 2016.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-853111

ABSTRACT

The plants in genus Bletilla Reichb. f. possess multiple medical uses in traditional Chinese medicine. However, most wild plants of this genus are critically endangered. In this paper, we searched and combed the origins of these medicinal plants, compared and identified the common adulterants. To explore the suitable soil, climate, and geographical conditions for the artificial cultivation of Bletilla Reichb. f. plants, we investigated and described the natural habitats in different spatial scales, collected and sorted out the information of geographical distribution for the wild plants. We also systematically summarized and prospected the technology of artificial breeding for genus Bletilla Reichb. f.. Based on the characteristics of the reproductive system and breeding features for Bletilla Reichb. f., the seed aseptic germination is considered to be the most appropriate breeding method. Therefore, the development of a new-generation technology for direct seeding germination and the breakthrough of the key cultivation technology will greatly improve the reproductive efficiency of Bletilla Reichb. f., resulting to change the mode of plant-resource supply. The formulation of more specific protective measures together with the acceleration of the research on artificial reproduction technology and the enhancement of the basic research on the resources and reproduction, will facilitate to improve the efficiency of the protection and utilization for the Bletilla Reichb. f. plants, which shows the essential significance for sustainable utilization of medicinal resources of Bletilla Reichb. f..

4.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(3): 89-97, jul.-set. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500489

ABSTRACT

Em florestas deciduais a dispersão de sementes ocorre principalmente na estação seca e a germinação no início da estação chuvosa. O atraso das primeiras chuvas e a ocorrência de veranicos são importantes causas de mortalidade de sementes e plântulas. Armazenar sementes e plantá-las na estação chuvosa poderia aumentar a germinação e a sobrevivência de plântulas. Para isso é necessário verificar se as sementes mantêm sua germinabilidade após armazenamento. No presente estudo, investigamos se sementes de espécies arbóreas de floresta decidual alteram sua germinabilidade após i) serem armazenadas em condições naturais por três e 15 meses, e ii) em banco de germoplasma a -20 e -196 ºC. Coletamos sementes de 19 espécies de florestas estacionais deciduais do vale do rio Paranã, Goiás, nos meses de agosto a outubro de 2005. Um lote foi separado para a realização do teste de germinação, logo após a coleta. Uma quantidade deste lote permaneceu em câmaras a -20 ºC e outra foi imersa em nitrogênio liquido por 72 horas. Outros dois lotes foram armazenados em condições naturais por três e 15 meses antes do teste de germinação. Após três meses de armazenamento, apenas duas espécies, Cordia trichotoma (73 para 38 por cento) e Copaifera langsdorffii (85 para 65 por cento), reduziram sua germinabilidade. Após 15 meses, três espécies reduziram significativamente sua germinabilidade, Cordia trichotoma (73 para 5 por cento), Cavanillesia arborea (77 para 12 por cento) e Anadenanthera colubrina (93 para 76 por cento), e duas espécies, Aspidosperma pyrifolium e Tabebuia impetiginosa, perderam completamente sua germinabilidade. As temperaturas -20 e -196ºC reduziram a germinabilidade de uma espécie cada, Tabebuia impetiginosa (90 para 70 por cento) e Aspidosperma pyrifolium (90 para 43 por cento), respectivamente. O ambiente natural e o armazenamento a -20 e -196ºC se mostraram eficazes quanto à preservação das qualidades fisiológicas de sementes de grande parte...


Seed dispersal in tropical deciduous forests occurs mostly in the dry season and germination at the onset of the rainy season. The delay of the first rains and dry spells are major mortality factors in dry forest regions. Storing seeds to plant during the constant rains could increase germination and seedling survival. We investigated the germination percentage of deciduous forest tree species after being stored i) at -20 ºC and -196 ºC (liquid nitrogen), and ii) at natural conditions for three and 15 months. Seeds of 19 tree species of deciduous forests of Paranã river basin, Goiás state, were collected from August to October 2005. Two experiments were run: i) storage for three and 15 months in brown bags at environmental temperature, ii) storage for 72 hours at -20 ºC cameras, liquid nitrogen (-196 ºC) and a control. Storage at environmental temperature decreased germination of only two species after three months, Cordia trichotoma (73 to 38 percent) and Copaifera langsdorffii (85 to 65 percent). Three species decreased germination after 15 months (Cordia trichotoma, 73 to 5 percent; Cavanillesia arborea, 77 percent to 12 percent; and Anadenanthera colubrina, 93 percent to 76 percent) and two species, Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Tabebuia impetiginosa, lost completely their germination. Temperatures -20 and -196 ºC decreased germination of only one species each, Tabebuia impetiginosa (90 to 70 percent) and Aspidosperma pyrifolium (90 to 43 percent), respectively. In general, environmental temperature storage up to 15 months and -20 and -196 ºC storage were efficient to preserve seed germinability of many dry forest tree species from Paranã river basin. These are feasible options to ex situ conservation and to increase germination for direct seeding strategies of restoration.


Subject(s)
Data Collection , Dry Season , Germination , Rain , Rainy Season , Seeds/embryology , Trees
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