Intervención psicosocial, bienestar y capital social en comunidades con desventaja socioeconómica / Psychosocial intervention, welfare and social capital in communities with socio-economic disadvantage

Introducción: En Colombia se realizan programas de intervención psicosocial en comunidades con desventaja socioeconómica para mejorar su calidad de vida, sin embargo, no se realizan evaluaciones de impacto para medir su efectividad. Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre el tiempo de exposición a procesos de intervención psicosocial en comunidades en desventaja socioeconómica, con su percepción de bienestar psicológico, bienestar social y capital social, en el área metropolitana de Barranquilla. Métodos: investigación fue de corte explicativo ex post facto, con una muestra de 135 personas mayores de 17 años. Se hizo un análisis de varianza para encontrar la dependencia entre los procesos de intervención y las variables dependientes. Resultados: Se encontró una relación de significancia entre el grupo etario de los participantes y algunas dimensiones del bienestar psicológico, del bienestar social y del capital social. No se encontraron relaciones significativas entre el tiempo de intervención y las variables dependientes mencionadas. Conclusiones: A pesar de la vulnerabilidad del entorno, las comunidades intervenidas participantes del estudio evidenciaron una percepción de bienestar psicológico y social y de valoración positiva de su capital social sin una relación significativa con el tiempo de exposición al trabajo comunitario. Los procesos de intervención psicosocial tienen el potencial suficiente para favorecer la mejora de las condiciones de las personas, grupos o comunidades, pero requieren de la implementación de procesos de evaluación que permitan hacer seguimiento a su impacto(AU)

Introduction: Colombia psychosocial intervention programs are carried out in communities with socioeconomic disadvantage to improve their quality of life; however, no impact's assessments are carried out to measure their effectiveness. Objective: Determine the relation between the time of exposure to psychosocial intervention's processes in communities at socioeconomic disadvantage, and their perception of psychological well-being, social welfare and social capital, in the metropolitan area of Barranquilla. Methods: The research was ex post facto explanatory one, with a sample of 135 people over the age of 17. A variance analysis was done to find the dependency between intervention processes and dependent variables. Results: A relationship of significance was found between the age group of the participants and some dimensions of psychological well-being, social welfare and social capital. No significant relationships were found between the intervention time and the dependent variables mentioned. Conclusions: Despite the vulnerability of the environment, the communities involved in the study demonstrated a perception of psychological and social well-being and positive assessment of their social capital without a significant relationship with the time of exposure to community work. Psychosocial intervention's processes have sufficient potential to promote the improvement of the conditions of individuals, groups or communities, but they require the implementation of assessment processes that allow to follow up on their impact(AU)

Existe um efeito negativo duplo sobre os salários das mulheres migrantes nas regiões brasileiras? Uma abordagem não paramétrica / Is there a double negative effect on the wages of migrant women in Brazilian regions? A non-parametric approach / ¿Hay un doble efecto negativo en los salarios de las mujeres migrantes en las regiones brasileñas? Un enfoque no paramétrico

Este artigo busca verificar se existe um efeito negativo duplo sobre os salários das mulheres migrantes (não naturais e de retorno) nas regiões brasileiras. Para captar o diferencial salarial, empregou-se o método não paramétrico de Ñopo (2008) aplicado aos dados obtidos a partir da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2005 e 2015. Os resultados mostraram que apenas a mulher migrante não natural na região Sudeste sofre de dupla desvantagem no mercado de trabalho. A primeira desigualdade salarial refere-se à questão de gênero e ocorre também nas demais regiões brasileiras. A segunda diferença no salário deve-se à condição de migrante não natural da região Sudeste. Para as demais regiões, as mulheres migrantes (não naturais e de retorno) possuem uma vantagem salarial em relação às não migrantes.

This article seeks to verify the existence of a double negative effect on the wages of migrant women (non-natural and return) in Brazilian regions. To capture the wage differential, Ñopo's (2008) non-parametric method was applied to data obtained from the 2005 and 2015 PNADs. The results showed that only non-natural migrant women in the Southeast region suffer from double disadvantage in the employment market. The first wage inequality concerns gender issues and also occurs in other Brazilian regions. The second difference in salary is due to the condition of non-natural migrants from the Southeast region. For other regions, migrant women (non-natural and return) have a salary advantage over non-migrant women.

Este artículo busca verificar si existe un doble efecto negativo en los salarios de las mujeres migrantes (no naturales y de retorno) en las regiones brasileñas. Para capturar la brecha salarial, se utilizó el método no paramétrico Ñopo (2008) aplicado a los datos obtenidos de las encuestas nacionales por muestra de domicilios (PNAD) de 2005 y de 2015. Los resultados mostraron que solo las mujeres migrantes no naturales sufren doble desventaja en el mercado de trabajo en el sudeste. La primera desigualdad salarial se refiere al tema de género y también ocurre en otras regiones brasileñas. La segunda diferencia en el salario se debe a la condición de los migrantes no naturales de la región sudeste. Para otras regiones, las mujeres migrantes (no naturales y de retorno) tienen una ventaja salarial sobre las mujeres no migrantes.

Application of random forests regression in impact of family early disadvantaged risks on internalization problems in adolescents / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the type of exposure to early family disadvantaged risks and internalization problems in adolescents.Methods:Totally 746 adolescents were assessed with family disadvantaged risk items and Chinese version of Achenbach youth self-report (YSR-CV). The Welch's ANOVA test and post-hoc test were used to compare the scores of three different risk factors on internalization problems.The independent sample t-test was adopted to compare the scores of internalization problems between experienced 5 or more kinds of risk factors and less than 5.Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the number of family risk factors experienced and the scores of internalization problems.Random forest regression analysis was used to test the variable importance(VI) of the internalization problem. Results:The differences in anxiety/depression and withdrawal scores between higher or lower-level risks group were significant ( P<0.05). The scores of adolescents with five or more adverse experiences on anxiety/depression(7.7±3.5), withdrawal (8.8±4.0) and physical problems(4.1±3.7) were higher than those with fewer than five risk factors(5.5±3.8), (6.7±3.4), (2.6±3.6). The cumulative family disadvantaged risk items was positively correlated with anxiety/depression( r=0.29, P<0.01), withdrawal( r=0.29, P<0.01), and physical symptoms ( r=0.26, P<0.01). The most important factor associated with anxiety/depression(VI=0.84, P=0.002; VI=0.56, P=0.022), withdrawal(VI=0.58, P=0.013; VI=0.89, P=0.001), and physical symptoms was marital relationship of parents and health status of family members. Conclusion:The parents’ marital relationship and health status of family members are the specific factors that influence the internalization problems, and the higher the level of risk adolescents experience, the more likely they are to develop internalization problems.

Quels facteurs influencent la qualité de vie des patients tunisiens atteints de cancer du poumon? / Which factors influence the quality of life of Tunisian patients with lung cancer?

Introduction - Les facteurs influençant la qualité de vie (QDV) des patients tunisiens atteints d'un cancer du poumon (CDP) sont méconnus.L'objectif de cette étude est d'identifier les facteurs influençant la QDV des patients tunisiens atteints d'un CDP. Méthodes - Un questionnaire médical a évalué les caractéristiques générales et spécifiques de 100 patients dont 90 hommes, et les questionnaires QLQ-C30 et QLQLC13 ont évalué la QDV. Résultats - Les femmes, les sujets âgés, les mariés et les analphabètes avaient une mauvaise QDV. Comparativement aux patients indemnes de comorbidités, ceux ayant une à deux comorbidités avaient des scores d'activités physiques et professionnelles/loisirs plus bas. Comparativement aux patients ayant un cancer datant de moins d'un an, ceux dont le cancer datait de plus d'un an avaient des scores de santé globale et d'activité physique plus bas, et des scores de nausées/vomissements, d'insomnie et d'anorexie plus élevés. Les patients en stade avancé avaient une mauvaise QDV en termes d'activités physique et émotionnelle, d'insomnie et de constipation. Les patients ayant des métastases avaient une mauvaise QDV en termes de score global, d'activité physique, de fatigue, d'insomnie, d'anorexie et de diarrhée. Le type histologique et le type de traitement n'influençaient pas la QDV. Le sexe n'influençait pas les scores du QLQ-LC13. Comparativement aux patients traités par chimiothérapie, ceux traités par la combinaison chimiothérapie et chirurgie avaient des scores de dyspnée et de neuropathie périphérique plus élevés. Conclusion - Les facteurs suivants influencent la QDV des Tunisiens atteints d'un CDP: le sexe, l'âge, l'état civil, le niveau de scolarisation, les comorbidités, le stade et la durée d'évolution du cancer, et les métastases. Comparativement aux patients traités par chimiothérapie, ceux traités par chimiothérapie et chirurgie avaient des scores de dyspnée et de neuropathie périphérique plus élevés

Introduction - No previous study has established the factors that influence the quality of life (QOL) of tunisian patients with lung cancer (LC).This study aims to identify the factors that influence QOL of tunisian patients with LC. Methods. A medical questionnaire assessed the general and specific characteristics of 100 patients (90 men), and structured questionnaires (QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13) assessed QOL. Results -Women, elderly, married and illiterate patients had poor QOL. Compared to patients free from comorbidity, those with one to two comorbidities had lower scores of physical and life-role activities. Compared to patients with cancer discovered less than one year ago, those who's cancer appeared more than one year ago had lower scores of global health, physical activity, nausea/vomiting, and higher scores of insomnia and anorexia. Patients with advanced cancer had poor QOL in terms of physical and emotional activities, and insomnia and constipation items. Patients with metastases had a poor QOL in terms of global health, physical activity, fatigue symptom, insomnia, anorexia, and diarrhea. The histological and treatment types did not influence QOL. The QLQ-LC13 scores were not influenced by sex. However, compared to patients treated with chemotherapy, those treated with chemotherapy and surgery had higher scores of dyspnea and peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion - The following factors influenced QOL of Tunisian patients with LC: sex, age, civil status, schooling level, comorbidities, LC stage and duration, metastases. Compared to patients treated with chemotherapy, those treated with chemotherapy and surgery had higher scores of dyspnea and peripheral neuropathy

Research advances on the advantages and disadvantages of SMILE and FS-LASIK on correction of myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

In modern society, the most popular surgery for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism are small incision lenticule extraction ( SMILE ) and femtosecond assisted laser in situ keratomileusis ( FS-LASIK ) . FS-LASIK is widely accepted by myopic patients and corneal refractive surgeons for its excellent safety, efficacy, stability and predictability. With the use of femtosecond laser, SMILE makes the corneal refractive surgery enter a full femtosecond era and become one of the most popular refractive surgery in the world, which is a novel minimally invasive corneal refractive surgery and characterized by flap - free, minimally invasive, small incision, femtosecond. But there is still some controversy about visual acuity, stability of diopter, corneal high order aberration, contrast sensitivity, dry eye, corneal biomechanical property and complication after SMILE and FS-LASIK in correction of myopia. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages after SMILE and FS-LASIK in correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism among all above mentioned aspects.

The Role of Robotic Surgery for Rectal Cancer: Overcoming Technical Challenges in Laparoscopic Surgery by Advanced Techniques

The conventional laparoscopic approach to rectal surgery has several limitations, and therefore many colorectal surgeons have great expectations for the robotic surgical system as an alternative modality in overcoming challenges of laparoscopic surgery and thus enhancing oncologic and functional outcomes. This review explores the possibility of robotic surgery as an alternative approach in laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. The da Vinci(R) Surgical System was developed specifically to compensate for the technical limitations of laparoscopic instruments in rectal surgery. The robotic rectal surgery is associated with comparable or better oncologic and pathologic outcomes, as well as low morbidity and mortality. The robotic surgery is generally easier to learn than laparoscopic surgery, improving the probability of autonomic nerve preservation and genitourinary function recovery. Furthermore, in very complex procedures such as intersphincteric dissections and transabdominal transections of the levator muscle, the robotic approach is associated with increased performance and safety compared to laparoscopic surgery. The robotic surgery for rectal cancer is an advanced technique that may resolve the issues associated with laparoscopic surgery. However, high cost of robotic surgery must be addressed before it can become the new standard treatment.

Les construits sociaux et les construits sociologiques: race et racisme / Os construtos sociais e os construtos sociológicos: raça e racismo / Social constructs and sociological constructs: race and racism / Los constructos sociales y los constructos sociológicos: raza y racismo

La connaissance grandissante des relations raciales et ethniques dépend, comme dans beaucoup d’autres champs de recherche, du développement d’un vocabulaire technique. Il faut que ce vocabulaire théorique soit développé à la marge de la langue pratique de la vie quotidienne. Les différences fonctionnelles des deux types de langage peuvent être alors mésinterprétés. Les construits sociologiques doivent dans ce sens être uni-vocal, une seule signification, car ils doivent être jugés par leur pouvoir explicatifs. Dans cet article nous révisons quelques études plus récentes qui essayent de trouver des explications plus adaptées à cette problématique.

O crescimento do conhecimento sobre relações raciais e étnicas depende, como em muitos outros campos do saber, do desenvolvimento de um vocabulário técnico. É necessário que ele seja desenvolvido paralelamente à linguagem comum do cotidiano. As diferenças nas funções destas duas linguagens podem ser confundidas. Conceitos sociológicos devem ser uni vocal, com somente um sentido, pois são julgados pelo seu poder explicativo. Nesse artigo, são revisados alguns estudos recentes no sentido de buscar uma compreensão mais adaptada a esta problemática.

The growth of knowledge about racial and ethnic relations depends, as in many other fields of research, on the development of a technical vocabulary. This has to develop alongside everyday ordinary language. The differences in the functions of the two languages can be misunderstood. Sociological concepts should be uni-vocal, with but one meaning, for they are to be judged by their explanatory power. Some recent studies are reviewed in search of better explanations.

El crecimiento del conocimiento acerca de las relaciones raciales y étnicas depende, como en muchos otros campos del saber, del desarrollo de un vocabulario técnico. Es necesario que él sea desarrollado paralelamente al lenguaje común del cotidiano. Las diferencias en las funciones de estos dos lenguajes pueden ser confundidos. Conceptos sociológicos deben ser uni vocal, con solo un sentido, pues son juzgados por su poder explicativo. En este artículo, son revisados algunos estudios recientes en el sentido de buscar una comprensión más adaptada a esta problemática.

Problems in application of portable disposable low pressure vacuum drainage system for modified radical mastectomy and the solutions / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To put forward the problems in applying portable disposable low pressure vacuum drainage system for modified radical mastectomy and to propose the solutions. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 268 breast cancer patients who were treated with portable disposable low pressure vacuum drainage system after receiving modified radical mastectomy in Changhai Hospital, from January 2013 to. September 2013. Based on the use of ordinary vacuum ball, the patients were divided into dual-chamber group and single-chamber group. The incidence of bleeding at the puncture sites, volume of post-operation drainage, indwelling time of drainage tube, and hospitalization stay were recorded for the two groups. Results: A total of 23 cases had puncture site bleeding, including 22 early bleeding and one delayed bleeding. For the duat-chamber group, the indwelling time of parasternal drainage tube was significantly shorter than that of axillary drainage tube median: 5.0d vs 9.0d, Z=-10. 713, P = 0.000). The drainage time (median: 9.0d vs 10.0 d) and hospitalization stays (median: 9. 0d vs 9.0d) of the two groups were not significantly different. It was found that 97.8% (262/268) of the patients in this study were discharged early with a drain, but with lack of discharge guidance. Conclusion: Disadvantages of portable disposable low pressure vacuum drainage system include puncture site bleeding, drainage tube cannot be extubated independently and measurement cannot be done independently, and insufficient discharge guidance. Improvement of puncture device, use of double-lumen tube independent drainage, and improvement of discharge guidance should be made to improve the system.

Effects of education and income on cognitive functioning among Indians aged 50 years and older: evidence from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1 (2007–2010).

Objectives: Relatively little is known about socioeconomic predictors of cognitive health among middle-aged and elderly Indians. The primary objective of this study was to examine the extent to which education and income influence cognitive functioning after adjusting for demographic characteristics, health risk factors and transgenerational factors such as parental education. The study also examined gender disparities in cognitive functioning across geographic regions in India. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1 (2007–2010) in a national sample of adults aged 50 years or older, a generalized linear model was used to examine the impacts of education and per-capita income on overall cognitive functioning. The generalized estimating equation approach was utilized to quantify these impacts on respondents’ overall cognitive performance score. This technique accounted for any correlation of responses of individuals within the same household. Results: Respondents with primary or secondary education and those with education above secondary level scored 3.8 and 6 points (P < 0.001) respectively more than respondents who had no formal education. In a similar vein, individuals in higher per-capita income quartiles scored 0.4, 1.0 and 1.8 (P < 0.001) more than respondents in the lowest income quartile. Although respondents in northern states scored 1.8 points higher than those from other geographic locations (P < 0.001), females in northern states had the worst cognitive performance (1.9 points lower) compared with females in other Indian states. In addition, early and adult life characteristics such as parental education, physical activity and a history of depression were found to be significant predictors of overall cognitive functioning. Conclusion: Education and income play important roles in influencing overall cognitive performance among middle-aged and elderly Indians. In addition, cognitive performance scores varied across geographic regions, and female disadvantage was observed in northern Indian states. Policies directed towards greater educational opportunities, particularly for women in northern Indian states, or promotion of physical activity programmes, have potential to improve cognitive performance and enhance cognitive health among middle-aged and older adults in India.

Analysis on the Advantages, Disadvantages and Main Mode of “Medical separation” / 中国卫生经济

The new round of medical and health system reform proposed the need to explore effective ways to gradually reform the mechanism of “using medicine costs to supply medical care”, through the implementation of “medical separation”, solve patients’ problem of “difficult and expensive”. While implementing the mode of the “medical separation”, according to exploring and practicing the actual situation of the region, it describes on the main mode of “medical separation”, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages, and proposes policy recommendations of “medical separeation” according to analysis of different modes.

Introduction to high field strength magnetic resonance imaging

Recently 3 tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly used in the clinical field. 3T MRI has many advantages, such as a better signal-to-noise ratio, increased chemical shift, and increased susceptibility, whereas it has several disadvantages such as increased relaxation time, radiofrequency field inhomogeneity, and increased specific absorption rate. The awareness of these advantages and disadvantages of 3T MRI will lead to better outcomes in clinical and research applications.

On Pharmacoeconomics Evaluation Methods / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the selection of pharmacoeconomics evaluation methods.METHODS:The source of pharmacoeconomics evaluation method was reviewed.The understanding of people to pharmacoeconomic evaluation method and the development of it were analyzed.The advantage and disadvantage of different pharmacoeconomic sevaluation methods were compared.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Regardless of the pursuit of economic evaluation index or the requirement of evaluation purposes and subject characteristics of pharmacoeconomics to evaluation method,common economics evaluation method are the first choice for the selection of evaluation methods and index of pharmacoeconomics,i.e.cost-minimization analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis.If above method is not applicable,it is considered to adopt individual index,i.e.effect and effectiveness,to calculate profits.

Atypical Antipsychotics: The Benefit and Disadvantage / 대한정신약물학회지

Atypical antipsychotics have more beneficial effects than conventional antipsychotics, particularly with regard to negative symptoms, cognitive functions, and also have a superior side effect profile. Although with such advantages, the use of the atypical antipsychotics cause numerous complications such as hypertension, increase of insuline, diabetes mellitus due to gain in weight, hyperprolactinemia, sexual dysfunctions, cardiovascular symptoms as well as noncompliance due to the previously mentioned side effects and high medical expenses which burden individual and governments. Now is the time to consider both advantages and disadvantages to balance out gains and losses in using the atypical antipsychotics. Blind trust or exclusive decision in using the atypical antipsychotics are unsuitableness. The decision on the use of the medicine must be the one that balances out its general advantages and disadvantages and its appropriateness must be decided upon a full consideration of its pharmacology, efficacies and side effects.

Endoscopy Assisted Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Tumors

OBJECTIVE: Transseptal or sublabial transsphenoidal surgery has been standard teatment for pituitary tumors for decades. However, as an alternative to this surgery endonasal endoscopic technique has been reported with encouraging results. We have started endoscopy-assisted transsphednoidal surgery from May 1998. In this paper we analyzed the methods, outcome, advantage and disadvantage of this surgical approach for the purpose of planning optimal treatment of pituitary tumors. METHODS: This study consisits of 13 cases of pituitary tumors who were treated by endoscopy-assisted transsphenoidal surgery using one nostril from May 1998 to July 1999. Mean follow up period was 12.9 months. RESULTS: There was no septal or sublabial incision and little surgical damage to nasal structure. With this technique, rapid surgical approach and short hospital day were possible, being 3-6 days in patients without CSF leakage. Using various angled endoscope, good surgical view was obtained. Initially it was difficult to use various instruments in narrow nasal cavity, but became feasible after several procedures. Among 13 cases, total removal was possible in 11 cases. One of two cases in whom tumor was incompletely removed underwent gamma-knife radiosurgery and second underwent reoperation through subfrontal approach. There were 6 cases of hormone secreting tumors and hormonal remission was achived in all of these cases. Postoperative complications were CSF leakage(6 cases), diabetes insipidus(2 cases) and panhypopituitarysm(1 case). Lumbar drainage was done in all cases of CSF leakage. CONCLUSION: The advantage of endoscopy-assisted transsphenoidal surgery are rapid surgical approach, low postoperative morbidity, short hospital day and good surgical view. The disadvantage of this appoach are difficulty in manupulating various instruments in narrow nostril and difficulty in distance perception but these problems can be overcome by practice and using stereoscopic endoscope.

Design and application of hospital material management system / 医疗卫生装备

In order to improve the scientificity and rationality of materiel management,we developed the materiel management system and realized the computerizing of material management. This system can solve all problems in material computerizing which occur during the process from the material application to its abandonment. Aiming at solving disadvantages in human management,the utilization of this system will greatly reduce the staff's work load,enhance the working efficiency and make the material management standardized.