ABSTRACT
Resumen La gestión del riesgo de desastres es un proceso social, por ello toda la comunidad debe estar incluida en ella. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las percepciones del riesgo de desastres en habitantes del municipio de Pijao (Quindio). Para esto se siguió un enfoque cualitativo desde el diseño de la teoría fundamentada. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico en los barrios aledaños al recorrido del Río Lejos del municipio de Pijao (Quindío, Colombia). La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 60 sujetos. La teoría sustantiva producto de la investigación es la naturalización de la gestión del riesgo de desastres. Se considera que la naturalización de acciones para la mitigación del riesgo de desastres se posibilita por el nivel de conocimiento de conceptos y acciones de la gestión del riesgo, además del nivel de arraigo cultural. El estudio permitió conocer de primera mano sobre los elementos que se deben trabajar para fortalecer la gestión del riesgo a nivel comunitario.
Abstract Disaster risk management is a social process; therefore, the whole community must be included in it. The objective of the study was to analyze the perceptions of disaster risk in the inhabitants of the municipality of Pijao (Quindio). A qualitative approach was followed from the design of the grounded theory. A non‑probabilistic sampling was carried out in the neighborhoods adjacent to the course of the Lejos River in the municipality of Pijao (Quindio, Colombia). The sample was composed of a total of 60 subjects. The substantive theory resulting from the research is the naturalization of disaster risk management. It is considered that the naturalization of actions for disaster risk mitigation is made possible by the level of knowledge of risk management concepts and actions, in addition to the level of cultural rootedness. The study provided first-hand knowledge of which elements level should be worked on in the community to strengthen risk management.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones introducidas en Costa Rica durante 2020 y 2021 para el control de la pandemia por COVID-19. Método. Se empleó un modelo bayesiano de regresión de Poisson que incorporó las medidas de control o intervención como variables independientes sobre la modificación de la cantidad de casos por semana epidemiológica. Resultados. Los resultados evidenciaron el efecto relativo y conjunto que han tenido las políticas o medidas de contención en la reducción de casos, principalmente la restricción vehicular, el uso de mascarillas y la puesta en práctica de los lineamientos y protocolos sanitarios. Las evidencias de los efectos se optimizaron y se pusieron a disposición para la toma de decisiones de las autoridades sanitarias y de emergencia del país. Se generaron varias iteraciones para el monitoreo constante de la variación en los efectos en cuatro momentos distintos del avance de la pandemia. Conclusión. La aplicación simultánea de distintas medidas de mitigación en Costa Rica ha sido un agente promotor de la disminución de casos de COVID-19.
ABSTRACT Objective. Assess the impact of interventions introduced in Costa Rica during 2020 and 2021 to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. A Bayesian Poisson regression model was used, incorporating control or intervention measures as independent variables in the changes in reported case numbers per epidemiological week. Results. The results showed the relative and combined impact of containment policies and measures on the reduction of cases: mainly vehicular traffic restrictions, use of masks, and implementation of health guidelines and protocols. Evidence of impact was optimized and made available for decision-making by the country's health and emergency authorities. Several iterations were generated for constant monitoring of variations in impact at four different moments in the pandemic's spread. Conclusion. The simultaneous implementation of different mitigation measures in Costa Rica has been a driving force in reducing the number of COVID-19 cases.
RESUMO Objetivo. Avaliar o impacto das intervenções realizadas na Costa Rica durante 2020 e 2021 para o controle da pandemia de COVID-19. Método. Foi utilizado um modelo Bayesiano de regressão de Poisson que incorporou as medidas de controle ou intervenção como variáveis independentes sobre a variação do número de casos por semana epidemiológica. Resultados. Os resultados evidenciaram o efeito relativo e conjunto que as políticas ou medidas de contenção tiveram na redução de casos, principalmente as restrições a veículos, o uso de máscaras e a implementação de diretrizes e protocolos de saúde. As evidências dos efeitos foram otimizadas e disponibilizadas às autoridades sanitárias e de emergência do país para auxiliar na tomada de decisão. Diversas iterações foram geradas para o monitoramento constante da variação nos efeitos em quatro momentos distintos do avanço da pandemia. Conclusão. A aplicação simultânea de diferentes medidas de mitigação na Costa Rica tem sido um agente promotor da diminuição de casos de COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the current situation of children′s awareness of disaster prevention and self-rescue ability in Mianyang area, provide reference for the development of scientific training programs on children′s disaster knowledge, and improve children′s survival ability during the disaster occurence.Methods:Through literature review and expert consultation, the questionnaire was designed by ourselves.Multi-stage sampling method was used to investigate 2 162 cases from county (city) high school, junior high school and primary school in Mianyang area.Results:8.3% of children had weak disaster awareness.Children had a good understanding of disaster related knowledge, with the highest alarm call awareness rate of 91.8%, fire, flood, earthquake escape and earthquake warning score of 86.5%, 84.2%, 84.2%, 83.0%.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and fire hydrant operation awareness rate was very low (58.8%, 57.4%). Even some children still chose improper escape behavior.The scores of early warning knowledge and first aid skill were correlated with gender and age.In knowledge of disaster precursors, using of fire extinguishers and hydrants, and first aid skills, the scores of boys were significantly higher than those of girls ( P<0.001). Except for fire-related knowledge, gas leakage escape and shelter awareness rate, the older the children were, the higher the scores were ( P<0.05). The scores of early warning, escape knowledge and first aid skills were correlated with the location of home, and the differences were significant ( P>0.001). More than 80.0% of children chose flashlights, food and water, and emergency kits, while 65.0% to 75.0% children thought it was not necessary to prepare a radio, telephone directory, and cash. Conclusion:Children′s awareness of disaster reduction and self-rescue ability are generally good, but there are still insufficient first-aid skills and improper choice of escape behavior.The education of disaster awareness and self-rescue ability should be strengthened in children′s basic education so as to reduce the casualties of children caused by disasters.
ABSTRACT
This research clarifies what issues local government personnel faced in their response to the Great East Japan Earthquake and if they intend to use the knowledge gained from such issues in the future.<br>The research conducts oral interviews with Tagajo city personnel. The questions primarily concern issues in the disaster response, future disaster response initiatives.<br>Respondents report that “the scale of the disaster was unimaginable, and as they were conducting relief activities without an established manual, there are some things that were codified as rules or placed into a manual based on failures of their effort. The intention is that in the future, thorough care be provided for victims unable to enter public housing.<br>Since the time immediately following the disaster until today, there have been efforts to record these lessons.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente estudio fue diagnosticar las capacidades de respuesta de los entes territoriales frente a las emergencias invernales de 2010 y 2011, utilizando el método cualicuantitativo de análisis. Como resultados se evidenció que en la región nunca antes hubo tanta afectación por fenómenos de inundación; que existió una red institucional desarticulada, una permisibilidad de los gobiernos con los asentamientos en zonas de alto riesgo, y que socialmente la responsabilidad de la atención a la emergencia invernal únicamente recaía sobre las instituciones de atención y prevención de desastres, cuando en realidad es una responsabilidad de todos los actores involucrados. En conclusión, la temporada invernal fue una oportunidad para llamar la atención de todos los organismos que conforman el Sistema Nacional de Prevención y Atención de Desastres -SNPAD-, para que tomen correctivas, se involucren y actúen de manera articulada en las fases asociadas a la gestión integral del riesgo.
The aim of this study was to determine the response capabilities of local authorities to the rainy season emergencies of 2010 and 2011, using the quality-quantitative method of analysis. The results showed that the region had never been so affected by flood phenomena before, that there was a frail institutional network, permissibility from the government to settlements in high risk areas, and that the responsibility for the rainy season emergency care rested solely on institutions for disaster prevention, when in fact it is a responsibility of all stakeholders. In conclusion, the rainy season was an opportunity to draw the attention of all agencies of the National System for Disaster Prevention and Response (SNPAD, for its acronym in Spanish) to take corrective measures, engage and act in a coordinated fashion in the phases associated with the integrated risk management.
O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer diagnóstico da capacidade de resposta dos entes territoriais em frente das emergências invernais de 2010 e 2011 utilizando o método quali/quantitativo de análise. Como resultados foi evidenciado que na região nunca se tinha tido tanta afetação por fenómenos de inundação; que havia uma rede institucional desmantelada e uma permissibilidade governamental sobre os assentamentos em áreas de alto risco; e socialmente a responsabilidade para atendimento da emergência descansou apenas em instituições de atendimento e prevenção de desastres, quando, na verdade, é uma responsabilidade de todos os intervenientes. Em conclusão, o inverno foi uma oportunidade para chamar a atenção de todas as agências do Sistema Nacional de Prevenção e Atendimento de Desastres -SNPAD- para eles tomar medidas corretivas, se envolver e agir de forma coordenada nas fases associadas à gestão integrada de riscos.