Causes and preventive measures of lipemic blood in voluntary blood donors / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the causes and preventive measures of lipemic blood in voluntary blood donors. 【Methods】 Data of 12 000 voluntary blood donors donated at our blood station from January 2018 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence, discarding rate and causes of lipemic blood were investigated, and preventive measures were formulated. 【Results】 384(3.20%) out of the 12 000 blood samples were lipemic blood, while mild, moderate and severe lipemic blood constituted 181, 148 and 55 cases, respectively. The incidence of lipoemia in males(4.22%) was higher than that in females(1.52%). The incidence of lipoemia in 26~45 and 36~45 age population was 4.75%, which was higher than that in 18~25 age group(0.62%). The incidence of lipoemia was the lowest in donors with mass index(kg/m2) <18.5, followed by 18.5~24.9 and >30 (P<0.05). The incidence of lipemic blood among first-time blood donors(4.38%) was higher than that in repeated donors(2.31%), higher in blood donation collected during 13: 00 to 17: 00(3.54%) than 9: 00 to 12: 00 a. m.(2.73%), also higher in group blood donors(4.01%) than street blood donors(1.56%)(P<0.05). The free Hb of red blood cells in moderate and severe group was higher than that in mild group immediate after preparation and 7 days after preparation (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 There was a significant tendency for the incidence of lipemic blood in voluntary blood donors, which causes blood discarding. The publicity of blood donation, pre-donation consultation and advice on reasonable diet should be boosted to reduce the discarding rate of lipemic blood and improve the use of blood.

Effect of modified blood bag catheter transfer on reducing discard rate of leukocyte-depleted blood / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To observe the application of the traditional and modified catheter transfer method in leukocyte-depleted blood preparation and the effect of modified method on reducing the blood discard rate due to hot joint leakage. 【Methods】 After leucocyte filtration, the traditional method is to seal the product bag catheter directly and then connect the whole blood catheter, while the modified method is to seal the two sections on the product bag catheter and then connect the whole blood catheter at the distal seal. The blood discard rates of the two methods due to the hot joint leakage in the catheter connection of leukocyte reduction were analyzed. 【Results】 After repeated training for the staff, using the same type of equipment, the blood discard rate due to heat sealing leakage by modified method was 0(0/33 595), significantly lower than that by traditional method(0.11%, 36/32 873, P<0.001). 【Conclusion】 The modified method can significantly reduce the discard rate of blood due to seal leakage and save valuable blood resources. However, there is still a risk of seal leakage, and staff should take preventive measures against occupational exposure

Discard rate in blood transfusion service – A critical tool to support blood inventory management

Background: Blood and blood component plays a key role in health-care management. Even after enormous efforts, there is no substitute available. Blood is a scarce resource and blood wastage could impose a very serious impact on health care. Objective: The current study was conducted to determine rate and reasons for wastage of blood and its blood components. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in one of the largest standalone blood centers of West India. Data were retrieved from indigenous Integrated Blood Bank Management System software. The data were analyzed for a period of 12 months, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. Results: The total collection of blood units during the study period was 30,960 units. As per the policy of blood center, all the blood units were subjected to component separation with preparation with 88,973 components, including red cells, platelet concentrates (PLT), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate (CRYO) cryo-poor plasma (CPP), and single donor platelet (SDP). A total of 2637 blood and blood components (2.96%) were discarded during the study period. Discard rate among blood and blood component as per separation was found whole blood 0.99%, red blood cells 2.28%, FFP 1.88%, PLT 4.66%, CRYO 3.88%, CPP 1.25%, and SDP 0.47%, respectively. Among total discard rates, the major reason is seroreactivity of blood donor (1.11%), followed by expiry (0.67%), quality checks (0.29%), clotted bag (0.03%), Direct antiglobulin test (DAT/DCT) positivity (0.00%), and other causes (0.06%). Conclusion: Worldwide comprehensive standards have been formulated to ensure better quality control in each step of blood transfusion service including collection, storage, testing, and distribution of blood and components. To prevent wastage of rare commodity, continued medical education for technical staff, self-audit, and tracking quality indicators for the blood components is highly recommended.

Resizing the productive characteristics of meat-type quail through principal component analysis / Redimensionamento das características produtivas de codornas de corte por meio da análise de componentes principais

This study aimed to establish criteria for eliminating redundant variables, to know the magnitude of the data relationship, and to provide information that helps researchers in the use of the technique to analyze and interpret production data and egg quality. The data used in this work was obtained from four successive generations of the quail lineage developed by the Department of Animal Science of the Federal University of Pelotas. The characteristics were measured from the 42nd day of age, when the egg production period began, until 126 days of production, obtaining three 28 day periods (cycles) in the four successive generations, totaling 545 females. Of the twelve original variables, only seven demonstrated potential to be maintained in future experiments, representing a 42% exclusion. The main philosophy of this study was the analysis of the studied variables and made possible the understanding of the relationship and the correlations.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estabelecer critérios para eliminação de variáveis redundantes, conhecer a magnitude das relações dos dados, além de fornecer informações que auxiliem pesquisadores na utilização da técnica para analisar e interpretar dados de produção e qualidade de ovos de codornas. Os dados utilizados neste trabalho são provenientes de quatro gerações sucessivas da linhagem de codornas de corte desenvolvida pelo Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. As características foram mensuradas do 42º dia de idade até o 126º dia de produção, totalizando 545 fêmeas. Das 12 variáveis originais analisadas, apenas sete demonstraram potencial para serem mantidas em experimentos futuros, representando uma exclusão de 42%. A análise de componentes principais foi efetiva para a redução das variáveis estudadas e possibilitou a compreensão da relação e correlação dessas.(au)

Inclusion of discarded banana in sugarcane silage decreases dry matter losses and improves its nutritional value / La inclusión de banano de descarte en el ensilaje de caña de azúcar reduce las pérdidas de materia seca y mejora su valor nutricional / A inclusão de banana de descarte em silagem de cana de açúcar decresce as perdas de matéria seca e melhora o seu valor nutricional

Abstract Background: Sugarcane silage (SCS) has often been characterized by large dry matter (DM) losses associated with reduction in soluble nutrients and increase in indigestible fiber. Objective: To evaluate the effect of including discarded fruits on the losses and nutritional value in SCS. Methods: A completely randomized design was used with five treatments and five replications. Silages were added with 15% (as-fed basis) papaya (Carica papaya) (SP), acerola (Malpighia glabra) (SA), banana (Musa sp.) (SB) or tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) (ST). The control treatment was composed only of SCS. Twenty-five (25-L) plastic buckets were used to make the experimental silos, which were opened on the 90th day after their closure. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Results: Gas losses and total DM losses were lower and DM recovery was higher in SB and SA than in the control (p<0.05). The SB had lower content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber compared to SP, SA, ST and the control group (p<0.05). There was no effect of treatment for ethanol content (p>0.05). However, there was treatment effect for lactic and acetic acids, ammonia nitrogen contents, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts and mold counts (p<0.05). Conclusion: The inclusion of 15% banana or acerola in SCS decreases losses and increases DM recovery. Furthermore, the inclusion of 15% banana improves the nutritional value of SCS.

Resumen Antecedentes: El ensilaje de caña de azúcar (SCS) es frecuentemente caracterizado por grandes pérdidas de materia seca (DM) asociadas con reducciones en los nutrientes solubles y aumentos en la fibra indigestible. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de frutas de descarte sobre las perdidas y el valor nutricional del SCS. Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cinco tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. Fueron adicionados a los ensilajes, 15 % (materia natural) de papaya (Carica papaya) (SP), acerola (Malpighia glabra) (SA), banano (Musa sp.) (SB) o tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) (ST). El control estuvo compuesto apenas por SCS. Veinticinco baldes de 25 L fueron usados para hacer los silos, los cuales se abrieron al día 90 posterior a su cierre. Los datos fueron analizados por análisis de varianza. Resultados: Las pérdidas de gases y de DM total fueron menores y la recuperación de DM fue mayor en SB y SA que en el grupo control (p<0,05). Los contenidos de fibra detergente neutra y ácida fueron menores en SB comparados con SP, SA, ST y el grupo control (p<0,05). No hubo efecto para el contenido de etanol (p>0,05). Sin embargo, hubo efecto de tratamiento para los contenidos de ácidos láctico y acético, y nitrógeno amoniacal y recuento de bacterias ácido lácticas, levaduras y hongos (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La inclusión de 15% de banano y acerola en SCS decreció las perdidas, y aumentó la recuperación de DM. Además, la inclusión de un 15% de banano mejoró el valor nutricional de SCS.

Resumo Antecedentes: A silagem de cana de açúcar (SCS) é frequentemente caracterizada por grandes perdas de matéria seca (DM) associadas com reduções nos nutrientes solúveis e aumento na fibra indigestível. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da inclusão de frutas de descarte sobre as perdas e o valor nutricional de SCS. Métodos: Um delineamento completamente casualizado foi utilizado, com cindo tratamentos e cinco repetições. As silagens foram adicionadas com 15% (matéria natural) de mamão (Carica papaya) (SP), acerola (Malpighia glabra) (SA), banana (Musa sp.) (SB) ou tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) (ST). O controle foi composto apenas por SCS. Vinte e cinco baldes de 25 L foram usados para fazer os silos, que foram abertos no 90º dia após o fechamento deles. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância. Resultados: As perdas por gases e de DM total foram menores e a recuperação de DM foi maior em SB e SA que no controle (p<0,05). Os conteúdos de fibra em detergente neutro e ácido foram menores em SB comparado a SP, SA, ST e o grupo de controle (p<0,05). Não houve efeito para conteúdo de etanol (p>0,05). Contudo, houve efeito de tratamento para os conteúdos de ácidos lático e acético, e nitrogênio amoniacal e contagens de bactérias láticas, e leveduras e fungos (p<0,05). Conclusões: A inclusão de 15% de banana e acerola em SCS decresceu as perdas, e aumentou a recuperação de DM. Adicionalmente, a inclusão de 15% de banana melhorou o valor nutricional da SCS.

Application of narrow-band imaging without magnifying in diagnosis of colorectal lesions by NICE classification / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To evaluate narrow-band imaging (NBI) without magnifying in the diagnosis of colorectal lesions by NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic Criteria (NICE classification), and analyze the safety and practicability of "do-not-resect" and "resect and discard" policies in clinical practice. Methods: The patients undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy, who were found colorectal lesions in the examination, from May to December in 2017 were enrolled. All the patients were examined by NBI without magnifying by any of the designated two physicians. NICE classification was used to diagnose colorectal lesions, and the diagnostic confidence of each lesion was recorded. The results of endoscopy were compared with those of pathology, and the accuracy rate and the confidence rate of diagnosis were calculated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the diagnostic method for differentiating superficial tumors from non-tumors were also calculated. Finally, the feasibility, safety and cost savings of using "do-not-resect" and "resect and discard" policies in clinic were analyzed. Results: A total of 764 lesions were detected in the 636 enrolled patients. The overall accuracy of NICE classification was 84.95% and the diagnostic confidence rate was 81.68%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for differentiating tumors from non-tumors were 91.77%, 67.68%, 88.69%, and 74.86%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of diminutive colorectal lesions (≤5 mm) with high confidence was 94.98%, and the negative predictive value of diminutive rectosigmoid lesions (≤5 mm) with high confidence was 96.25%. They achieved the criteria of "resect and discard" and "do-not-resect" policies. If "do-not-resect" and "resect and discard" policies had been executed in clinical practice, ¥165 490 could have been saved and the omission diagnostic rates of "do-not-resect" and "resect and discard" policies would have been 3.75% and 0, respectively, in this study. Conclusion: It is feasible to use NBI without magnifying in differentiating tumors from non-tumors. The diminutive colorectal lesions and rectosigmoid lesions with high diagnostic confidence may achieve the criteria of "resect and discard" and "do-not-resect" policies, respectively.

Analysis on management policies for configuration and utilization of large-scale medical facilities / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To analyze the regional management policies for the configuration and utilization of medical facilities before the issuing of Regulations for the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices in May 2017, so as to provide reference for relevant policy-making in the future. Methods Regional policies in 15 provincial-level administrative regions such as Zhejiang, Shanghai and Hunan were collected and analyses were conducted on regulations of the configuration management, application and discard of large-scale medical facilities. Results While regional policies played a crucial role in the configuration and administration of medical facilities, problems still existed, and proposals were made on future policy-making accordingly. Conclusion Policies for the configuration and administration of medical facilities require to be improved.

Avaliação quantitativa e do grau de segregação dos resíduos sólidos orgânicos gerados em serviços de alimentação de um shopping center em Porto Alegre ­ RS / Quantitative evaluation and segregation of organic solid waste generated in food services of a shopping center in Porto Alegre - RS

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a quantidade e o grau de segregação dos resíduos sólidos orgânicos (RSO) gerados em 14 estabelecimentos que preparam e servem alimentos em um shopping center no município de Porto Alegre - RS. Em quatro dias não consecutivos, os resíduos gerados nos estabelecimentos foram coletados para avaliação, resultando em 180 amostras e geração diária média de 421kg de RSO. Considerando que estes resíduos são destinados à alimentação animal, determinou-se o grau de conformidade na sua segregação, através da observação e manuseio dos conteúdos de cada amostra. Verificou-se que apenas 82 (46%) amostras estavam de acordo com os critérios de segregação previamente estabelecidos, não sendo observada diferença (P=0,189) entre os estabelecimentos. O alto índice de segregação em desacordo demonstra que há necessidade de capacitação continuada junto às pessoas que atuam nestes ambientes.

This study aimed at quantitatively and qualitatively assessing the solid organic waste (SOW) produced by 14 food establishments in a shopping center. In 4 days, 180 samples were collected, with each establishment generating a daily average of 421 Kg. Considering that these SOW are destined to feed animals, the conformity degree in their segregation was determined, through observation and handling of the contents of each sample. We verified that only 82 (46%) of the samples were compliant with the segregation criteria established and that this percentage was similar (P=0.189) between the establishments. The high level of deviation demonstrates that the persons working in such environments need continuous training.

Estimación del descarte por exceso de captura en la pesquería industrial de cerco del stock Norte-Centro de la anchoveta peruana Engraulis ringens a partir de un programa de observación a bordo / Estimating discard excess catch in the industrial purse seine fisheries of the North-Center stock of the Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) from an on-board observer program

En este trabajo se presenta la estimación del descarte por exceso de captura en la pesquería industrial de cerco del stock Norte-Centro de anchoveta peruana. Se define el descarte por exceso de captura, como la porción de captura que se arroja al mar cuando se ha capturado más de lo que la capacidad de bodega de la embarcación puede almacenar. El análisis de estimación para el periodo 2005 - 2014, se realizó a partir del "Programa de observadores a bordo de la flota de cerco" que ejecuta el Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), en donde 5 837 viajes, que representan el 1.6% de los viajes totales, fueron muestreados. Las metodologías utilizadas en la estimación fueron: Modelo Lineal Generalizado (GLM) y el Modelo Delta. Las estimaciones por el Modelo Delta y el GLM fueron diferentes en magnitudes pero similares en tendencias, sin embargo la evaluación del funcionamiento del Modelo Delta, indica que este modelo se ajusta mejor a los datos. El Modelo Delta estimó que la pesquería descarta por exceso de captura entre 2 954 y 199 164 toneladas, con un promedio de 121 312 toneladas para el periodo de estudio, el cual representó una tasa del 2.6% en relación a los desembarques. Se sugiere la incorporación de variables espaciales (p. ej. distancia a la costa, latitud, longitud), físicas (TSM) y del comportamiento del cardumen (p.e. agregación), para mejorar el análisis y comprender mejor el comportamiento de este tipo de descarte.

This paper presents estimates of the discard excess catch in the industrial purse seine fisheries of the North-Center stock of the Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens). Discard excess catch is defined as the portion of the catch that is thrown into the sea when has captured more than the hold capacity can store. The analysis is based on the "On-board observer of the purse seine vessels program" led by the Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE), and in the period 2005 - 2014, 5837 trips were sampled, corresponding to 1.6% of the total trips. The methodologies used in the discard excess catch estimation were: Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Delta Model. The estimations showed difference in magnitudes but similar trends, although the delta model appears to be a better alternative procedure for estimating the discard excess catch. The Delta Model estimated the purse seine fisheries discarded a range from 2954 to 199 164 tons, an average estimated 121 312 tons, which represent 2.6% of the landings in the period 2005 - 2014. Spatial variables (e.g. distance from the shore, latitude, longitude), physical (SST), and school behavior (e.g. fish aggregation) should be included to improve the analysis and a better understanding of the discard excess catch behavior.

Adenoma detection rate of fecal occult blood test-positive population in colorectal cancer screening and potential influence of“resection and discard”strategy / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the adenoma detection rate( ADR)of fecal occult blood test (FOBT)-positive population in colorectal cancer screening programme and to analyse potential influence of“resection and discard”strategy on ADR. Methods Data of patients who paticipated in the Shanghai color-ectal cancer screening programme with FOBT-positive and received colonoscopy in the Digestive Endoscopic Center of Changhai Hospital from July 2013 to July 2014 were retrospectively analysed. ADR was calculated and compared by different genders. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyse the risk factors of polyp resection without retrieval. Results A total of 222 FOBT-positive patients were involved with 36. 5% male proportion. The total ADR was 19. 8%,higher in male(28. 4%)than in female(14. 9%)(P=0. 015). The independent risk factors of polyp resection without retrieval were diminutive polyp( OR =15. 256,95% CI:4. 159-55. 957),located in rectum( OR = 3. 663,95% CI:1. 427-9. 398) and polyp number >2(OR= 3. 988,95%CI:1. 562-10. 187).Conclusion ADR of FOBT-positive population is approx-imately 20%in our center. Low male proportion and“resection and discard”strategy may lead to lower ADR. ADR should be calculated by different genders and advanced endoscopic technology should be employed rou-tinely to predict the pathological diagonosis of the lesions.

Prognostic Significance of Claudin 4 in Completely Resected Adenocarcinoma of the Lung

BACKGROUND: The development of diagnostic techniques and an awareness of health examinations can bring about an early diagnosis of lung cancer. However, appropriate postoperative management and adjuvant chemotherapy remain under debate in postoperative therapeutic strategy. The present study was conducted to assess the clinicopathologic factors that influence recurrence and prognosis after complete resection of lung cancer. METHODS: The present study analyzed 62 patients with lung cancer who underwent complete resection of diagnosed adenocarcinoma between 1994 and 2007. In addition to conventional factors, which include staging factor and histological evaluation, the present study also performed univariate and multivariate analyses to consider claudin, a cell adhesion molecule, as a prognostic factor by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: There was no correlation between conventional factors, including lymphatic and vascular invasion, and recurrence. However, there was a significant correlation between high expression of claudin 4 and cancer recurrence. In particular, there was a correlation between high expressions of claudin 1, 4, and 5 and a reduction of disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: Increased expressions of claudin 4 were negative prognostic factors in adenocarcinoma of the lung and thus could be used to identify high-risk patients for adjuvant chemotherapy, even if they had early-stage lung cancer. The present findings collectively suggest that consideration of claudin as a prognostic factor in the active postoperative treatment in patients at high risk will lead to better therapeutic outcomes with fewer side effects.

Seleção de características morfofuncionais de cavalos da raça Mangalarga Marchador por meio da análise de componentes principais / Identification of morphofunctional traits in Mangalarga Marchador horse using principal component analysis

Dados de 14.288 animais da raça Mangalarga Marchador, nascidos de 1990 a 2005, foram utilizados para avaliar a redução da dimensionalidade do espaço multivariado para características morfofuncionais, por meio da análise de componentes principais. Foram consideradas as características: altura na cernelha, altura na garupa, comprimento da cabeça, comprimento do pescoço, comprimento do dorso, comprimento da garupa, comprimento da espádua, comprimento do corpo, largura da cabeça, largura das ancas, perímetro do tórax, perímetro da canela e a pontuação da marcha. Para tais características, obtiveram-se sete componentes principais, a partir da matriz de correlação, que apresentaram variância inferior a 0,7 (autovalor inferior a 0,7). Isso sugere sete variáveis para descarte, por apresentarem maiores coeficientes de ponderação, em valor absoluto, a partir do último componente principal. A razão para isso é que variáveis altamente correlacionadas com os componentes de menor variância representam variação praticamente insignificante. Com base nesses resultados, recomendam-se as seguintes características para serem mantidas em trabalhos futuros com esta base de dados: pontuação da marcha, altura na garupa, comprimento do dorso, comprimento da garupa, largura da cabeça e perímetro da canela.

Records from 14,288 animals of the Mangalarga Marchador breed, born from 1990 to 2005, were used to discard morphofunctional traits in a principal component analysis. The following traits were used: height at withers, height at croup, lengths of head, neck, back, croup, hip length and body, widths of head, hip width, thorax perimeter, cannon bone circumference and gait score. For the traits considered it was observed that 7 principal components showed variation lower than 0.7; suggesting that seven variables could be discarded. The reason is that when variable are highly correlated with the principal components of smaller variance, their variation is practically insignificant. Based on those results the recommendation is to maintain the following traits for future research with this database: gait score, height at croup, length of back, length of croup, width of head and cannon bone circumference.

Avaliação de características de desempenho e de carcaça de codornas de corte por meio da análise de componentes principais / Evaluation of production and carcass traits of meat - type quails by principal components analysis

Foram utilizados dados de 288 codornas de corte (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) para avaliar a possibilidade de resumir a informação contida no complexo de variáveis originais, eliminando-se variáveis inexpressivas por meio da técnica de componentes principais. Foram registrados o peso vivo (PVIVO) e pesos do peito (PPEITO), das coxas (PCOXA), da gordura abdominal (GA), das vísceras comestíveis (fígado, moela e coração) (FIG, MOELA e CORA) e da carcaça eviscerada (PCEVIS). As carcaças foram secas e trituradas para a avaliação do teor matéria seca (MS), gordura (GORD) e proteína bruta (PB). Dos 11 componentes principais, sete (63,6 por cento) apresentaram variância menor que 0,7 (autovalor inferior a 0,7), sendo sugeridas para descarte, respectivamente, em ordem de menor importância, para explicar a variação total das seguintes variáveis: PCEVIS, PPEITO, PCOXA, CORA, FIG MOELA e GORD. Com base nos resultados, recomenda-se manter as seguintes variáveis em experimentos futuros: PVIVO, MS, PB e GA.

Records on 288 meat type quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were used to identify independent and informative variables by eliminating inexpressive variables by means of principal component analysis. The following performance traits were recorded: live body weight (LBW), eviscerated carcass weight (CW), whole leg weight (WLW), breast weight (BW), abdominal fat pad weight (FW), and giblets weight (liver, gizzard, and heart) (LIW, GW, and HW). The carcasses were also dried and grounded to evaluate dry matter (DM), fat (FA,T) and crude protein (CP) contents. Out of 11 principal components, seven (63.6 percent) showed variance lower than 0.7 (eigenvalue lower than 0.7). The following traits were discarded because they showed inexpressive contribuitions for the total variation: CW, BW, WLW, HW, LIW, GW, and FAT. Based on the results, it is recommended to record the following variables in future experiments: LBW, DM, CP, and FW.

Estudo de características de produção de matrizes de corte por meio da análise de componentes principais / Study of meat-type chickens production traits by principal components analysis

Avaliou-se o descarte de variáveis de produção, em análises de componentes principais, de três linhagens de matrizes de corte do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, utilizando informações de 270 aves, sendo 90 de cada linhagem. As características analisadas foram dias para postura do primeiro ovo (DPPO), taxa de postura da 22ª a 56ª semana (TP), peso médio individual na 32ª (PMI1), na 40ª (PMI2), na 48ª (PMI3), na 56ª (PMI4) e na 64ª semana (PMI5) e peso médio do ovo, obtido pela média da pesagem de três ovos na 32ª (PMO1), na 40ª (PMO2), na 48ª (PMO3), na 56ª (PMO4) e na 64ª semana (PMO5). Dos 12 componentes principais, sete apresentaram variância menor do que 0,7 (autovalor menor do que 0,7), sugerindo-se sete variáveis para descarte. As variáveis descartadas foram aquelas que apresentaram maiores coeficientes, em valor absoluto, a partir do último componente principal. Observou-se correlação linear simples e significativa entre as variáveis descartadas e as não descartadas, que indica redundância de variáveis, razão do descarte. Recomendam-se as variáveis: DPPO, TP, PM14, PMO1 e PMO4 para o estudo de características da produção de matrizes de frango de corte por meio da análise de componentes principais.

Records of 270 meat-type chickens from three lines, 90 of each one, were used to discard variables in a principal component analysis. Data were obtained from meat-type chicken lines of the genetic breeding program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. The following traits were evaluated: days at first egg (DFE), egg production rate (EPR) from 22nd to 56th week, body weights at 32nd (BW1), 40th (BW2), 48th (BW3), 56th (BW4), and 64th weeks of age (BW5), and average of three egg weights, at 32nd (EW1), 40th (EW2), 48th (EW3), 56th (EW4) and at 64th weeks (EW5). From the 12 principal components, seven showed variance lower than 0,7 (eigenvalue lower than 0,7), suggesting seven variables to be discarded. Variables which showed the highest coefficients, in absolute value, in the last principal component were discarded. Highly correlated variables with the smaller principal components variance explain a small part of the whole variation. In addition, discarded variables in function of the significant simple linear correlation with the nondiscorded variable, were considered redundants. The variables DFE, EPR, BW4, EW1, and EW4 are recommended for principal component analysis of broiler matrix.

To analyze reasons of discarding as useless of ?-Se direct conversion digital flat panel detector / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To analyze the reasons of discarding as useless of ?-Se direct conversion digital flat panel detector (?-Se FPD). Methods (1) E-COM DR-2000CTM chest system, with high frequency X-ray machine made by CPI company of Canada, the X-ray tube made by VARIAN company of America and Direct Ray-1000 ?-Se FPD made by DRC company of America. (2) 50 cases were collected rondomizedly, each had 4 pieces of chest image and were analyzed by two experienced radiologists and two technicians. Results After about 14 months with 30,000 times exposure efficacious, some damage lines and points appeared in the detector. After about 34 months with 70,000 times exposure efficacious, a damage region (area is 6.7in*0.95in ) existed, this reduced the images' quality and at the end the detector was discarded as useless. Conclusion The ?-Se FPD needs maintenance and monitoring working circumstance.