Caracterização das afasias na hemorragia subaracnóidea aneurismática / Characterization of aphasia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o perfil dos quadros afásicos determinados pela hemorragia subaracnóidea aneurismática (HSA) da artéria cerebral média esquerda. Método Estudo analítico, retrospectivo, transversal, tendo como banco de dados as avaliações cognitivas de 193 pacientes do Hospital da Restauração com HSA aneurismática no período de março de 2007 a novembro de 2009. Destes, foram selecionados 26 pacientes com HSA em território da ACM-E, confirmada por angiografia digital. Os quadros afásicos foram classificados através do desempenho da linguagem dos pacientes através do Protocolo Montreal Toulose - Versão Alpha e a tarefa de fluência verbal da bateria CERAD. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de junho a agosto de 2015. Resultados Foi identificado comprometimento da linguagem e fluência verbal nos pacientes com HSA em território de ACM-E quando comparados com a população controle (50 indivíduos). Dos 26 pacientes com HSA, 11 apresentaram quadros afásicos ainda no período pré-operatório. Conclusão Os resultados da pesquisa corroboram com a literatura, mostrando que o quadro da HSA promove comprometimentos cognitivos ainda na fase pré-operatória para oclusão de aneurisma. Tendo em vista os aspectos observados, os quadros afásicos predominantes caracterizam afasia de compreensão por sequelas nas áreas cerebrais posteriores.

ABSTRACT Purpose Characterize the profile of aphasic syndromes determined by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) of the left middle cerebral artery (LMCA). Methods An analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using a database of cognitive assessments of 193 patients with aSAH admitted to Hospital da Restauração between March 2007 and November 2009. Of these, a total of 26 patients with aSAH in the LMCA territory confirmed by digital angiography were selected. Aphasia was assessed through the Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment Alpha Version Protocol (Alpha Version) and the CERAD Neuropsychological Test Battery (Verbal fluency). Results Language and verbal fluency impairments were identified in patients with aSAH in the LMCA territory when compared with the control population (50 individuals). Of the 26 patients with aSAH, 11 presented aphasic characteristics preoperatively. Conclusion The results of this research corroborate the literature, showing that the aSAH frame causes cognitive impairments even in the preoperative phase for aneurysm occlusion. Considering the observed aspects, the predominant aphasic syndromes characterize comprehension aphasia due to sequels in the posterior cerebral artery territory.

Funciones Ejecutivas En Niños Preescolares Con Y Sin Trastorno Del Lenguaje / Executive Functions In Preschool Children With And Without Language Disorders

Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron, comparar las funciones ejecutivas (atención, flexibilidad, control inhibitorio, planificación y memoria de trabajo) de niños preescolares con y sin trastorno del lenguaje y definir un perfil de funciones ejecutivas. El diseño es no experimental con propósitos descriptivos/comparativos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 105 niños. El grupo con trastorno del lenguaje estaba compuesto por 31 niños y 19 niñas, edad promedio 4.68 años, de Escuelas Especiales de Lenguaje. El grupo sin trastorno del lenguaje estaba compuesto por 15 niños y 24 niñas, edad promedio 4.98 años, de Escuelas Públicas de la ciudad de Concepción en Chile. Los resultados muestran que hay evidencia estadísticamente significativa para declarar que los puntajes obtenidos por niños/as con trastorno del lenguaje son inferiores a sus pares sin trastorno del lenguaje en todas las funciones ejecutivas evaluadas, lo que respalda la literatura vigente sobre el tema. En cuanto al perfil de funciones ejecutivas, la función que podría predecir la presencia de trastorno del lenguaje en un preescolar es la función ejecutiva de planificación. Resulta de interés seguir profundizando el perfil de funciones ejecutivas en niños con trastorno del lenguaje y su relación específica con los problemas lingüísticos que estos niños/as presentan.

Abstract The objectives of this study were to compare the executive functions (attention, flexibility, inhibitory control, planning and working memory) of preschool children with and without language disorder and to define a profile of executive functions. The design is non-experimental for descriptive/comparative purposes. The sample consisted of 105 children. The group with language disorder was composed of 31 children and 19 girls, average age 4.68 years, of Special Language Schools. The group without language disorder was composed of 15 children and 24 girls, average age 4.98 years, of Public Schools of the city of Concepcion in Chile. The results show that there is statistically significant evidence to state that the scores obtained by children with language disorders are lower than their peers without language disorder in all the executive functions evaluated, which supports the current literature on the subject. Regarding the profile of executive functions, the function that could predict the presence of language disorder in a preschool is the executive planning function. It is interesting to continue deepening the profile of executive functions in children with language disorder and their specific relationship with the linguistic problems that these children have.