Instrumento Para Evaluar La Responsabilidad Personal Existencial: Un Estudio Exploratorio / Instrumentto Assess Existential Personal Responsibility: An Exploratory Study

Resumen El concepto de responsabilidad personal en la psicoterapia existencial ha sido teorizado tradicionalmente sobre los aportes del existencialismo fenomeno-lógico en filosofía, y si bien se ha contrastado en diferentes experiencias clínicas, esto no ha llevado a que se le someta a evaluación sistemática mediante la investigación cuantitativa, con lo cual la escala aquí presentada resulta un aporte, aunque limitado, relevante para los métodos e insumos de investigación en psicología, especialmente para el enfoque existencial. El objetivo de este estudio es proponer una estrategia de medición adecuada para el constructo de responsabilidad personal existencial en personas entre 17 y 35 años. Se presentan en este trabajo los procedimientos realizados y los resultados psicométricos en la evaluación exploratoria, también varios hallazgos y elaboraciones teóricas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 479, jóvenes-adultos de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia). El análisis exploratorio permitió identificar dos factores: uno que evalúa la conciencia de libertad y otro la elección personal. Se encontró una adecuada consistencia interna con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,84.

Abstract The concept of personal responsibility in existential psychotherapy has traditionally been theorized based on the contributions of phenomenological existentialism in philosophy, and although it has been contrasted in different clinical experiences, this has not led to being subjected to systematic evaluation through quantitative research, because of this, the scale presented here is a relevant contribution, albeit limited, to the methods and inputs of research in psychology, especially for the existential approach. The objective of this study is to propose an adequate measurement strategy for the cons- truct of existential personal responsibility in people between 17 and 35 years old. The performed procedures and psychometric results of the exploratory evaluation are presented in this paper, also various findings and theoretical elaborations. The sample consisted of 479, young adults from the city of Medellín. The exploratory analysis allowed the identification of two factors, one that evaluates the conscience of freedom and the other the personal choice. An adequate internal consistency was found with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.84.

Reglas proambientales: Análisis a partir de su relevancia, consecuencias asociadas y esfuerzo para seguirlas / Pro-environmental rules: Analysis based on their relevance, associated consequences, and effort to follow them

Resumen A pesar de varias décadas de estudios sobre las actitudes hacia el medio ambiente y las variables personales y sociales asociadas a ellas, la educación ambiental no ha logrado generar cambios significativos en la adopción de comportamientos ambientales. La educación en reglas verbales se propone como una alternativa para lograr los cambios comportamentales requeridos, por considerar que sugiere soluciones pragmáticas para reducir la distancia entre el decir-hacer y orientar la investigación futura sobre el comportamiento proambiental. . Un total de 469 participantes de diferentes grupos de edad tomó parte de este estudio: 376 informaron de las frecuencias del seguimiento de reglas proambientales a través de un cuestionario y 93 clasificaron diferentes tipos de comportamientos proambientales en un procedimiento de selección libre, y también en relación con las consecuencias y esfuerzo asociados a estos comportamientos. Los resultados permiten observar los efectos que ha tenido la educación ambiental en la conceptualización del comportamiento proambiental, pero con carencias en el establecimiento de la conexión de estos comportamientos con consecuencias sociales y naturales. Se discuten las implicaciones para la educación ambiental.

Abstract Despite several decades of studies on attitudes to the environment and the personal and social variables associated to them, environmental education has largely failed to make substantial gains in the adoption of pro-environmental behaviors. Education on rule-governed behavior is proposed as an alternative for reducing the distance between saying and doing behavioral change that suggests pragmatic solutions and promising avenues for future investigation on pro-environmental behavior. A total of 469 participants from different age groups took part of this study. 376 reported the frequencies of following pro-environmental rules through a questionnaire, and 93 categorized different kinds of pro-environmental behaviors in a free sorting procedure and also in relation to consequences and effort associated to these behaviors. Even though results evidence the effects of environmental education in recognizing environmental relevant behaviors they lack in establishing the connection of these behaviors with social and natural consequences. Implications for environmental education are discussed.

Evaluation of body representation in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: toward the development of a neuropsychological test battery

Clinical observations indicate that many children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP) exhibit a lack of use or disregard of the affected upper limb. The aim of the present study was to develop, adapt, and verify the psychometric properties of a neuropsychological battery to assess body perception and representation disturbances in children with HCP. Three groups of children participated in this study, who took part in different phases of the validation process: one group of typically developing children (TD; n = 30; aged 4-6 years) and two groups of HCP children (HCP1: n = 12, aged 5-10 years; HCP2: n = 49, aged 5-13 years). Because no cognitive-neuropsychological model of body representation has been specifically developed for children, the tasks were designed based on a cognitive-neuropsychological model developed for adults. The chosen model comprises three levels of body representation: body schema, body structural description, and body image. The following steps were adopted in developing the instrument: development and choice of the tasks, selection and preparation of stimuli, adequacy and improvement of the instrument, semantic analysis of items, internal consistency, and feasibility and acceptability of application for TD and HCP children. The final set of tasks and items was chosen to balance the levels of difficulty and internal consistency. We concluded that the final battery was adequate and can be used to assess body representation disturbances in children with HCP...