ABSTRACT
Resumen. Objetivo. Estudiar las relaciones entre variables de ajuste personal y las conductas disruptivas en un grupo de 136 alumnos y alumnas de primaria de entre 9 y 12 años. Método. Estudio de campo observacional, de metodología no experimental y transversal. Se utilizaron varios cuestionarios para medir la autoestima, la personalidad, el estrés y las competencias emocionales de los y las estudiantes, así como un cuestionario ad hoc elaborado para el registro de las conductas disruptivas. Resultados. Los resultados indican relaciones significativas positivas entre conductas disruptivas y estrés escolar, así como negativas con autoestima, estabilidad, competencia y comprensión emocional. Las diferencias son significativas según el género, manifestándose las conductas inadecuadas en menor medida en el caso de las niñas.
Abstract. Objective. This study analyses the relationships between personal adjustment and disruptive behaviors in a group of 136 primary school students between the ages of 9 and 12. Method. This field observation study used a non-experimental, cross-sectional methodology. Several questionnaires were used to measure students' self-esteem, personality, stress, and emotional competencies. Moreover, an ad hoc questionnaire was created to record disruptive behaviors. Results. The results indicate significant positive relationships between disruptive behaviors and school stress, as well as negative ones with self-esteem, stability, competence, and emotional understanding. The differences are significant according to gender, with inappropriate behaviors manifesting to a lesser extent in the case of girls.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Personality , Stress, Physiological , Problem Behavior/psychology , Spain , StudentsABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: La deprivación sociocultural es un fenómeno multifactorial que incide en los procesos de desarrollo y adaptación de los individuos a sus contextos de socialización y aprendizaje. De ahí la importancia del estudio de los factores predisponentes de la deprivación sociocultural y la disrupción escolar, entre tanto brinda insumos interpretativos que favorecen la comprensión de la influencia de las dinámicas socioambientales en los procesos relacionales y de convivencia en la escuela. Objetivo: Caracterizar las conductas disruptivas en adolescentes en situación de deprivación sociocultural favoreciendo un marco de comprensión que permita entender la génesis de los factores de disruptividad en las dinámicas interaccionales Escuela-Comunidad. Método: A nivel metodológico se suscribió en el paradigma cualitativo con enfoque histórico-hermenéutico y método micro-etnográfico, se utilizaron técnicas como las entrevistas a profundidad y observación participante; el estudio contó con 80 estudiantes provenientes de las comunas 10, 6 y 3, 30 de género femenino y 50 de género masculino con rango de edad de los 13 a 17 años en la ciudad de Pasto, Nariño, con reportes de disrupción escolar y cuyos ambientes sociocomunitarios evidencian factores predisponentes a la deprivación sociocultural. Resultados: Se logran identificar las conductas disruptivas que afectan el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y los factores de deprivación sociocultural asociados, seguidamente expone las conductas disruptivas con incidencia en los procesos de convivencia escolar, y se bosqueja un marco interpretativo sobre las consecuencias de la disruptividad en las dinámicas escolares. Conclusiones: La deprivación sociocultural evidencia una situación de desventaja social al momento que los escolares expuestos a sus factores predisponentes cuentan con menos herramientas para la adaptación y aprovechamiento de la experiencia escolar, es además, uno de los detonantes de la disrupción escolar, fenómeno multifactorial que afecta tanto los procesos convivenciales como académicos; y un factor predictor del fracaso escolar.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Sociocultural deprivation is a multifactorial phenomenon that affects the processes of development and adaptation of individuals to their contexts of socialization and learning. Hence, the importance of studying the predisposing factors of sociocultural deprivation and school disruption, meanwhile, it provides interpretative inputs that promote the understanding of the influence of socioenvironmental dynamics on the relationship and coexistence processes in the school. Objective: To characterize the disruptive behaviors in adolescents in a situation of sociocultural deprivation, favoring a framework of understanding that allows us to understand the genesis of disruptive factors in the interaction dynamics of the School-Community. Method: At the methodological level, the qualitative paradigm was subscribed with a historical-hermeneutical approach and a micro-ethnographic method, using techniques such as in-depth interviews and participant observation; The study included 80 students from communes 10, 6, and 3, 30 female and 50 male, with an age range of 13 to 17 years in the Pasto city, with reports of school disruption and whose socio-community environments show predisposing factors to the sociocultural deprivation. Results: It is possible to identify the disruptive behaviors that affect the teaching-learning process and the associated sociocultural deprivation factors, then it exposes the disruptive behaviors with incidence in the processes of school coexistence, and outlines an interpretative framework on the consequences of the disruption in school dynamics. Conclusions: Sociocultural deprivation shows a situation of social disadvantage at the time that schoolchildren exposed to its predisposing factors have fewer tools for adapting and taking advantage of school experience, it is also one of the triggers of school disruption, a multifactorial phenomenon that affects both coexistence and academic processes; and a predictor of school failure.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre niveles altos y moderados de estrés parental y relaciones derivadas, en una muestra de padres y estudiantes de pregrado. Para este estudio se utilizó un diseño de comparación entre grupos con una medida pretest. La muestra total se dividió en tres grupos, trece padres con niveles altos en el Índice de Estrés Parental (IEP) fueron asignados a un grupo, otros trece padres con puntajes moderados en el IEP se asignaron a un segundo grupo y trece estudiantes de pregrado fueron asignados a un grupo control. Inicialmente, todos los participantes fueron expuestos a un video de un niño presentando conductas disruptivas. Seguido de esto, todos los participantes fueron expuestos a un procedimiento de entrenamiento en discriminaciones condicionales A-B y A-C; el grupo de estímulos A correspondía a figuras sin sentido, el grupo B a conductas disruptivas de los niños y el grupo C de estímulos a conductas positivas de los padres. Luego se entrenaron relaciones mixtas (A-B y A-C), y finalmente se evaluaron relaciones de transitividad y equivalencia. Los resultados muestran que los participantes con estrés alto presentaron menor precisión de respuesta y mayores latencias de respuesta en las relaciones derivadas, comparado con el grupo de estrés moderado y control. Lo anterior indica que los padres que presentan altos niveles de estrés parental tienen mayor dificultad para establecer nuevas relaciones de estímulos, especialmente aquellos con valencia emocional. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones a nivel clínico, específicamente en la flexibilidad relacional.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between higher and moderate parental stress scores and derived relations in parents and undergraduate students. A group comparison design with a pretest measure was used in this study. The sample size was divided in three different groups, thirteen parents with high scores on the Parental Stress Index (PSI) were assigned to one group, other thirteen parents with moderate scores on the PSI were assigned to a second group, and thirteen undergraduate students were assigned to a control group. Initially all participants were exposed to a video of a child exhibiting disruptive behaviors. Following this all participants were exposed to a conditional discrimination training A-B and A-C, one stimulus set A corresponded to nonsense figures, a second stimulus set B corresponded to children's disruptive behaviors, and the set C to positive parenting behaviors. Then mixed relations (A-B and A-C) were trained followed by transitivity and equivalence tests. The results show that participants with high scores on the PSI exhibited low response accuracy and longer response latencies during derived relations compared to the control group and moderate stress. These results suggest that parents with high PSI scores, have greater difficulty in establishing new relations between stimuli, especially stimuli loaded with emotional value. These findings have implications at clinical level, specifically in relational flexibility.
ABSTRACT
Social and emotional skills are protective factors against several negative functioning indicators. A current challenge on social and emotional skills research is to descrive of the long-term impact of social and emotional development programs. The objective of this follow-up study was to evaluate the long-term impact of a program for the development of social and emotional skills - "Crescer a Brincar" (Growing up Playing) - on disruptive behaviors and on students' engagement with school eight years after the beginning and four years after the end of the intervention. Results revealed that the experimental group registered lower disruptive behaviors and higher intrinsic motivation. These results have important implications for the promotion of positive youth development, especially for the promotion of health in school-based interventions. (AU)
As competências sociais e emocionais são fatores de proteção contra vários indicadores de funcionamento negativo. Um dos desafios atuais na investigação ao nível da promoção de competências sociais e emocionais é o seu impacto a longo-prazo. O objetivo deste estudo de follow-up foi avaliar o impacto do programa de promoção de competências sociais e emocionais "Crescer a Brincar" nos comportamentos disruptivos e no envolvimento dos alunos com a escola, oito anos depois do início do programa e quatro anos depois do final da intervenção. Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo experimental registrou menos comportamentos disruptivos e maior motivação intrínseca. Estes resultados têm implicações importantes para a promoção de desenvolvimento positivo entre crianças e jovens em contexto escolar. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Students/psychology , Program Evaluation , Emotions , Social Skills , Portugal , Education, Primary and Secondary , Academic Performance/psychologyABSTRACT
A 22-year old man was referred for mental retardation, refractory epilepsy, and chronic renal failure due to congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract since he was an infant. Although hemodialysis was introduced both 3 years and 8 months ago, neither its appropriate safe management nor good quality of life were obtained, because of polyhydruria, psychogenic polydipsia, and his aggressive disruptive behavior in refusing any proper direction. After the fourth making of a shunt vessel with an artificial material, we gave him Orengedokuto to reduce his insomnia, itching, and other indefinite complaints.<br>As a result, his complaints and behaviors improved and he stopped taking too much water on the days before hemodialysis; which then began to work preferably with the proper amount of water exclusion. Moreover, we could reduce the amount of carbamazepine and methylphenidate hydrochloride he required. This case demonstrates that Orengedokuto may have an effect on the central nervous system to improve behavioral problems stemming from developmental disorders in children, or adolescents.