ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the changes of etiology and mortality of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in the last 20 years in Guangdong region. Methods A total of 3140 UGIB cases diagnosed in Guangdong General Hospital from January 1990 to October 2009 were analyzed with retrospective analysis. Groups were divided according to admission chronological order and age to analyze the causes of UGIB to get the trend of changes and influencing factors. Results UGIB occurred more in men than in women, the gender ratio was 2. 5∶1. There was no significant change in gender composition between the first and later 10 years. Peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) was the main cause of UGIB in young and middle-age patients (age0. 05) and esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB) (11. 7% vs 12. 9%, P>0.05) remained stable. The occurrence of AGML bleeding significantly increased than before (32. 4% vs 18. 8%,P<0. 01), and became one of the most important causes of UGIB. Conclusions PUB is still the most important cause of UGIB in Guangdong region. AGML becomes another important cause of UGIB in elder patients, which may relate to the increasing use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anti-platelet and antineoplastic medicine.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The distribution of Malassezia yeasts on normal human skin was varied according to the age and race of the volunteers and the methodologies used. In Korea, most reports of Malassezia yeast distribution have relied on direct skin smears rather than culture methods. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to perform a comprehensive survey of the distribution of Malassezia yeasts on normal human skin to provide a base line for a companion study of Malassezia yeasts in patients with various dermatoses. METHODS: Malassezia yeasts were cultured using the swabbing technique from the scalp, forehead, chest, upper back, upper arm and upper thigh in 137 subjects, infancy to 80 years of age. RESULTS: Malassezia yeasts were present in the lowest incidence(0-30%) on six sites of infants and present in 60.0-66.7% on the sebum-rich sites (scalp, forehead, chest, upper back) of children aged 1-9. Malassezia yeasts were present in 80.0-86.7% on the sebum-rich sites of the elderly group(over 60 years of age), about the same frequency as in the middle-aged groups. The population density of these organisms was significantly higher on the upper back than on the forehead, chest, upper arm and upper thigh in all age groups except the infant group and the group aged 1 to 9 (p<0.05). There were no regular quantitative variations in the distribution of Malassezia yeasts on a given site between age groups. On Leeming and Notman media, besides three morphotypes of Malassezia yeasts reported by Cunningham et al(1990), one additional type was identified. CONCLUSION: The results showed regional variations in the distribution of Malassezia yeasts in all ages except infancy and no regular age variations on a given site. Additionally, four colony types of Malassezia yeasts were found. The findings of our study coold help to investigate the role of Malassezia yeasts in related disorders.