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Objective:To understand the water iodine content in Qinghai Province and draw a distribution map of water iodine, so as to provide a basis for scientific supplementation of iodine and continuous elimination of iodine deficiency hazards.Methods:In 2017, in all counties (cities, districts) in Qinghai Province, with townships (towns, streets, referred to as townships) as the unit, the residents' drinking water samples were collected, water iodine content was tested, the median water iodine was calculated, and the water iodine distribution map of Qinghai Province was drew.Results:Totally 1 836 drinking water samples were collected in 392 townships, the median water iodine was 1.7 μg/L. Townships that had the median water iodine < 5 μg/L, in the range of 5 to 10 μg/L and > 10 μg/L accounted for 80.6% (316/392), 17.1% (67/392) and 2.3% (9/392), respectively. Among all townships, the highest of the median water iodine was 24.8 μg/L. Based on the results, water iodine distribution map of Qinghai Province, water iodine distribution map of Xining City and water iodine distribution map of Haidong City were compiled.Conclusions:Iodine deficiency is widespread throughout natural environment in Qinghai Province. Hence, salt iodization measures to prevent iodine deficiency disorders should be implemented continuously. According to the water iodine distribution map, the people should be guided to supplement iodine scientifically.
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Fifty-six villages along the coast of the State of Paraíba, Brazil, were visited to determine and map the occurrence of Amazona amazonica (Linnaeus, 1766). Search was conducted with binoculars and the residents of each locality were interviewed using a questionnaire to obtain information about the occurrence and species´s biological data. Reports of recent and old occurrences, absence and feeding areas were registered. The food items mentioned were fruits, such as cashew, cashew nuts, palm oil, and agricultural products, such as corn. The reproductive period occurred between November and December. Breeding sites were mangrove areas and coconut trees, with nests being made in tree hollows. Questionnaires helped to elaborate a distribution map of the species, in which the actual distribution was based on visual records, whilst the potential distribution of the species was based on the questionnaire answers. Furthermore, they provided an overview of the biology of the species in agreement with that reported in the literature. Current data may be used in future studies on the conservation of the species in the State of Paraíba.
Cinquenta e seis localidades foram visitadas ao longo da região costeira da Paraíba visando conhecer a distribuição de papagaio-do-mangue (Linnaeus, 1766) nessa região do Estado. Foram realizadas buscas ativas com auxílio de binóculos e aplicado um questionário aos moradores de cada localidade com perguntas sobre a ocorrência e dados biológicos da espécie. Foram discriminados relatos de ocorrência recente, antiga, ausência e áreas de alimentação. Os itens alimentares citados foram frutas como caju, castanha do caju, dendê, e produtos agrícolas como o milho verde. A época reprodutiva foi descrita entre os meses de novembro e dezembro. Locais de reprodução foram áreas de manguezal e coqueirais, com os ninhos sendo feitos em ocos de árvores. Os questionários possibilitaram a elaboração de um mapa de distribuição da espécie, com a distribuição real sendo aquela baseada em registros visuais e a distribuição potencial da espécie aquela baseada nos relatos; assim como a formação de um panorama geral da biologia da espécie, estando estes de acordo com a literatura. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho podem servir de subsídio para futuros trabalhos conservacionistas com a espécie no Estado.
Subject(s)
Animal Distribution , Conservation of Natural Resources , Parrots , ReproductionABSTRACT
This paper presents a review of the geographical distribution of Chiasmocleis albopunctata (Boettger, 1885), based on data from literature, scientific collections, and field notes. Our reviewing significantly enlarges the distribution of the species within the Brazilian territory, with new records for the states of Bahia, Maranhão, and Tocantins. Among all species of the genus, C. albopunctata can be considered the one with the widest latitudinal and altitudinal ranges, as well as greater environmental plasticity.
Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da distribuição geográfica de Chiasmocleis albopunctata (Boettger, 1885), a partir de dados da literatura, coleções científicas e anotações em campo. Os dados aqui apresentados ampliam consideravelmente a distribuição da espécie dentro do território brasileiro, com novos registros para os estados da Bahia, Maranhão, Tocantins. Dentre todas as espécies do gênero, C. albopunctata pode ser considerada a espécie que apresenta maior variação altitudinal e latitudinal, bem como maior plasticidade ambiental.
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Objective To perform the image edge extraction by image segmentation in computer view. Methods The T- lymphocytes images were divided, distinguished and extracted automatically by gray histogram and gray changing distribution map overlap method. Results In the development of the peripheral blood T-lymphocytes rDNA transcriptional activity detection system, the processing method of stained T-lymphocytes images was researched to solve the problem of edge extraction. Conclusion The system is reliable, simple and convenient. The veracity and accuracy can meet requirements of clinical diagnosis.