Proporção divina em indivíduos oclusões classes I, II e III esqueléticas em radiografias cefalométricas laterais / Proporción divina en pacientes con oclusión clases I, II y III esqueléticas en radiografías cefalométricas laterales / Divine proportion in patients with skeletal occlusion classes I, II and III on lateral cephalometric radiographs

Introdução: o conceito inicial de beleza remete a um conjunto que engloba harmonia e equilíbrio das proporções faciais estabelecidas pelas estruturas esqueléticas, dentárias e de tecidos moles. Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi analisara proporção divina em radiografias cefalométricas laterais de 93 indivíduos brasileiros adultos, acima de 18 anos, de ambos os gêneros, com classes I, II e III esqueléticas, não submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico, por meio do software de cefalometria Aurea Ceph. Métodos: para análise estatística, foi aplicada a análise de variância ANOVA, teste Tukey e T de Studentem nível de significância de 5 porcento. Resultados: das sete razões estudadas, quando se avaliou as classes, evidenciou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre a relação (N-Ena/V1S-DM16) nas classes I e III eas relações (A-Pog/V1-C1MS e A-Pog/V1S-MD16) nas classes II e III. Quando se comparou as razões nas diferentes classes em relação ao número áureo (1 618) houve diferença estatisticamente significante na classe I para as razões (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16 e Ena-Me/AB); na classe II para as razões (A-Pog/V1-C1MS e A-Pog/V1S-MD16); e na classe III para as razões (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, Ena-Enp/V1S-C1MS, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16 e Ena-Me/AB). Conclusões: de acordo com a metodologia empregada e os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que das sete razões analisadas, a classe I apresentou três razões divinas, a classe II duas e a classe III quatro. O grupo classe II apresentou razões divinas com componente dentário e medidas verticais, sugerindo que a magnitude do erro sagital é importante no conceito da estética facial(AU)

Introducción: el concepto inicial de la belleza se refiere a un conjunto con la armonía y el equilibrio de las proporciones faciales establecidos por el tejido óseo, dental y suave. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la divina proporción en las radiografías cefalométricas de 93 individuos brasileños adultos, de 18 años, de uno y otro géneros, con las clases I, II y III del esqueleto, y no sometidos a un tratamiento de ortodoncia por medio de software de cefalometría Áurea Ceph". Métodos: el análisis estadístico se aplicó al análisis de varianza ANOVA, prueba de Tukey y prueba t de Student. El nivel de significación fue de 5 por ciento. Resultados: de los siete ratios estudiados, hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las proporciones al comparar las clases en (N-Ena/V1S-DM16) clases I y III y (A-Pog/V1-C1MS, A-Pog/V1S-MD16) clases II y III. Cuando se comparó con las proporciones en las diferentes clases en relación con el número de oro (1 618), hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la clase I para las (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, razones V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16, Ena-Me/AB), y en clase II de (A-Pog/V1-C1MS razones, A-Pog/V1S-MD16) y clase III para los (N-Ena/V1S-DM16 razones, Ena-Enp/V1S-C1MS, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16, Ena-Me/AB). Conclusiones: de acuerdo con la metodología utilizada y los resultados obtenidos, se concluyó que en siete de las razones expuestas, la clase que tenía tres razones áureas se observó en dos y cuatro, clase II a clase III. El grupo de clase II fueron razones áureas con componente dental y horizontal, lo que sugiere que la magnitud del error es importante en el concepto de estética facial sagital. El grupo de clase II fueron razones áureas con componente dental y medidas verticales, y también sugiere que la magnitud del error es importante en el concepto de estética facial sagital(AU)

Introduction: the original concept of beauty refers to a set of harmony and balance features determined by bone, dental and soft tissue. Objective: the purpose of this study was to analyze divine proportion as reflected on cephalometric radiographs of 93 Brazilian subjects of both sexes aged 18 with skeletal classes I, II and III, not undergoing orthodontic treatment. The analysis was based on cephalometric software Aurea Ceph. Methods: statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA, Tukey's test and Student's t test. The significance level was 5 percent. Results: the seven ratios studied showed a statistically significant difference between proportions when comparing (N-Ena/V1S-DM16) classes I and III, and (A-Pog/V1-C1MS, A-Pog/V1S-MD16) classes II and III. When proportions in the different classes were compared with the golden number (1 618), a statistically significant difference was found in class I for (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16, Ena-Me/AB), in class II for (A-Pog/V1-C1MS, A-Pog/V1S-MD16) and in class III for (N-Ena/V1S-DM16, Ena-Enp/V1S-C1MS, V1S-C1MS/C1MS-DM16, Ena-Me/AB). Conclusions: based on the methodology used and the results obtained, it was concluded that in seven of the ratios presented, the class with three golden ratios was found in two and four, class II to class III. The class II group were golden ratios with a dental and horizontal component, suggesting that the magnitude of the error is relevant to the concept of sagittal facial aesthetics. The class II group were golden ratios with a dental component and vertical measurements, also suggesting that the magnitude of the error is relevant to the concept of sagittal facial aesthetics(AU)

Proporciones divinas en la sonrisa en un grupo de estudiantes de la facultad de odontología de la Universidad de Carabobo, Venezuela. Año 2013 / Divine proportions in smiling in a group of students of the facultad de odontología de la Universidad de Carabobo, Venezuela Year 2013

La estética dental es considerara como la búsqueda de la perfección en el ámbito bucal. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la prevalencia por sexo de las proporciones divinas, en la sonrisa de los estudiantes de quinto año de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Carabobo. Se realizó para ello, un estudio descriptivo, con diseño no experimental y transversal. La muestra fue no probabilística e intencional, quedando conformada por 34 estudiantes de quinto año. Se aplicó la observación directa y un compás dental para recoger los datos y se recopilaron en una hoja de registro. Los valores promedio del ancho mesiodistal de las unidades del cuadrante superior izquierdo fueron ligeramente superiores a los del superior derecho. El cuadrante superior derecho mostró un mayor porcentaje de proporciones divinas a razón que el izquierdo, correspondiendo el mayor valor el par 11 y 12 (58,8%). El 76,5% de los estudiantes presentaron proporción divina en al menos un par de unidades, resaltando que el 20,6% la presentó en los 4 pares valorados. En conclusión, se reportó un bajo porcentaje de proporciones divinas en la muestra analizada, siendo los incisivos central y superior, los que mostraron la mayor proporción...

Dental aesthetics is considered as the pursuit of perfection in the mouth area. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence by gender of divine proportions, smiling fifth year students of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Carabobo. A descriptive study was made for it, with no experimental and cross-sectional design. The sample was not random and intentional, being made up of 34 fifth graders. Direct observation and dental compass was used to collect data 2013, were collected on a record sheet. The average values of the mesiodistal width of the left upper quadrant units were slightly higher than in the top right. The upper right quadrant showed a higher percentage of divine proportions right than the left , with the highest value pair 11 and 12 ( 58.8 %). 76.5% of students had divine proportion in at least a couple of units , noting that 20.6% introduced in the 4 rated peers. In conclusion, we reported a low percentage of divine proportions in the sample, with the central and upper incisors, which showed the highest proportion...

Assessment of divine proportion in the cranial structure of individuals with Angle Class II malocclusion on lateral cephalograms

INTRODUCTION: The study of the Divine Proportion (Φ = 1.618) began with the Greeks, having as main researchers the mathematician Pythagoras and the sculptor Phidias. In Dentistry, Ricketts (1981-82) was an early to study this issue. OBJECTIVE: This study proposed to evaluate how some cephalometric measures are presented in relation to the Divine Proportion, with the total of 52 proportions, formed by 28 cephalometric landmarks. METHODS: Lateral cephalograms of 40 Class II adults patients aging from 17 to 45 years (13 male and 27 female) were evaluated. The linear distances between the landmarks were measured using Radiocef Studio software. RESULTS: After statistical analysis, the data shown an average of 65,48% in the Divine Proportion, 17,5% in the relation Ans-Op/V1S-DM16 and 97,5% in the relations Na-Me/Na-PoNa e Na-PoNa/Na-Gn. CONCLUSION: Among all cephalometric measurements investigated, the lower facial third and the dental arches showed the smallest percentages of Divine Proportion.

Proporción divina en pacientes con síndrome de clase II división 1 / Divine proportion in patients with Class II Division I Syndrome

La belleza y la armonía facial desempeñan una función decisiva en las relaciones sociales del hombre. La afectación estética es el principal motivo de consulta de los pacientes de Ortodoncia. La Proporción Divina está siendo estudiada cada día más, con fines diagnósticos y terapéuticos relacionados con la estética facial. Con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento de la Proporción Divina en mediciones faciales en pacientes con Síndrome de Clase II división 1 y su relación con el sexo se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal durante los años 2008-2010 en el Departamento de Ortodoncia de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Habana. La muestra estuvo formada por 30 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y se estudiaron las mediciones faciales mediante fotografías de frente y perfil. El estudio arrojó que los mayores porcentajes se encontraron en los pares que relacionaban la distancia entre el canto lateral de los ojos y el margen lateral de la nariz (66,7 por ciento); la base del tragus y el canto lateral del ojo y de este a la punta de la nariz (66,7 por ciento); de trichion al ala de la nariz y de esta al mentón (63,3 por ciento). Pocos pacientes mostraron la Proporción Divina en las mediciones faciales estudiadas, sin diferencias significativas en su comportamiento en relación con el sexo(AU)

The beauty and the facial harmony have a decisive function in social relationships of man. The esthetic affection is the leading cause of consultation of patients to Orthodontics. Divine Proportion is being more and more studied having diagnostic and therapeutical aims related to the facial aesthetics. To assess the behavior of Divine Proportion in facial measurements in patients presenting with Class II Division I syndrome and its relation to sex a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted for 2008-2010 in the Orthodontics Department of the Stomatology Faculty of La Habana. The sample included 30 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria studying the facial measurements by frontal and in profile photos. Study demonstrated that the greater percentages were in the pairs related to the distance between the lateral edge of eyes and the lateral margin of the nose (66.7 percent); the tragus basement ahd the lateral side of eye and from this one to nose tip and from this one to chin (63.3 percent). Few patients showed the Divine Proportion in the study facial measurements without significant differences in its behavior in relation to sex(AU)

Photometric study of divine proportion and its correlation with facial attractiveness

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate if there is correlation between perception of facial esthetic and divine proportion, verifying if most attractive faces are closer to and less attractive faces are more distant to this proportion. METHODS: Standard facial photographs (frontal and lateral) in natural head position were taken of a sample of 85 Brazilian Caucasian women, with mean age of 23 years and 9 months. The photographs were evaluated by 5 orthodontists, 5 artists and 5 laymen and were classified, according to their subjective analysis of facial esthetic, in pleasant, acceptable and not pleasant. Frontal photographs were evaluated by divine proportion analysis using the computerized method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: According to subjective analysis the sample consisted 18.8% of pleasant, 70.6% of acceptable and 10.6% of not pleasant faces. After statistical analysis, a lack of agreement was verified in esthetic facial preferences among the three groups of observers. It was also possible to verify that in this research there was no correlation between perception of facial beauty and divine proportion.

An In Vivo Clinical Study of Facial Measurements For Anterior Teeth Selction.

The esthetic aspect of complete denture construction is increasingly occupying an important role in prosthodontics. Denture patients desire a brand of denture esthetics closely paralleling the ideal esthetic values of the third decade of life. Many pre-extraction records will guide selection of appropriate tooth mold for each individual. These include diagnostic casts, photographs, roentgenograms, extracted teeth etc. When no pre-extraction records are available; it is difficult to select an appropriate tooth mold that can reestablish the naturalness of the individual patient. In such a scenario, various facial measurements and proportions aid in the selection of appropriate artificial tooth dimensions. The “Golden proportion”, one of the building blocks of beauty, is one such guideline that can be applied to the profession of dentistry with assured success. The aim of present study is to find out which of the facial measurements are in golden ratio with anterior teeth and that can be used for artificial teeth selection

Comportamiento de proporciones divinas e índice de Bolton en mediciones dentales de individuos con maloclusión / Behavior of divine proportions and the Bolton's index in dental measurements of subjects with malocclusion

Los pacientes acuden cada vez con más frecuencia a los servicios estomatológicos en busca de mejorar su aspecto estético. Uno de los métodos más polémicos para el examen de la estética lo constituyen aquellos que se basan en el empleo de la proporción divina, esto motivó a la realización de este trabajo. Se evaluó el comportamiento de las proporciones divinas en mediciones dentales de individuos con maloclusión, mediante el empleo del índice de Bolton. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en estudiantes del segundo al quinto años de la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana, Cuba, desde el mes de enero del año 2009 al mes de enero del año 2010. Se emplearon modelos de yeso pertenecientes a 80 estudiantes de 18 a 25 años de edad. Se efectuaron mediciones de los anchos mesiodistales de los dientes y se relacionaron algunas secciones de dientes donde se identificaron los que guardaron relación de proporción divina, según la variable oclusión. Los estudiantes que presentaron maloclusión se estudiaron según la variación del índice de Bolton. En los estudiantes con maloclusión el índice de Bolton que predominó fue a favor de un mayor tamaño de los dientes anteroinferiores, con rangos de proporción divina menores de 1,60(AU)

Patients came more and more frequently to Stomatology services to improve the esthetic feature. Among the more polemic methods for esthetics examination are those based on the use of divine proportion, leading to carrying out of present paper to assess the behavior of divine proportions in the dental measurements of subjects with malocclusion using the Bolton's index. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in second to fifth years students of the Stomatology Faculty of La Habana from January, 2009 to January, 2010 using the plaster casts in 80 students aged 18 to 25. Measurements of the mesio-distal width of teeth relating some sections of them where were identified those en relation to the divine proportion according the occlusion variable. The students presenting with malocclusion were studied according the variation of Bolton's index. In the students with malocclusion, there was predominance of Bolton's index favoring a great size of anteroinferior teeth with ranks of divine proportion of 1,60(AU)

Comportamiento de proporciones divinas en mediciones dentales de individuos con normoclusión y maloclusión / Behavior of divine proportions in dental measuring of individuals with normal occlusion and malocclusion

Los pacientes acuden cada vez con más frecuencia a los Servicios Estomatológicos en busca de mejorar su aspecto estético. Uno de los métodos más polémicos para el examen de la estética lo constituyen aquellos que se basan en el empleo de la proporción divina, la cual se establece en su representación lineal, de forma tal que si dividimos un segmento en dos porciones que guarden esta proporción, el todo será a la porción mayor como esta última a la menor. Algebraicamente se expresa como (a+b)/b= b/a, esta relación entre segmentos va a equivaler al valor numérico de Phi (1.618); esto motivó la realización de este trabajo para evaluar el comportamiento de las proporciones divinas en mediciones dentales. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en modelos de yeso pertenecientes a 80 estudiantes de 18 a 25 años de la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana. Se realizaron mediciones de los anchos mesiodistales de los dientes, y se relacionaron algunas secciones de dientes donde se identificaron los que guardan relación de proporción divina según la variable oclusión. De los 13 pares estudiados, solo 5 se comportaron en los rangos establecidos para la proporción divina, tanto en individuos con normoclusión como en individuos con maloclusión.

Patients is coming up more frequency to dentistry services claiming improve their esthetic aspect. One of the most controversial assessments to exam esthetic is established using divine proportion, which is establish in their linear representation, so if a segment is divide in two portions which saves this fraction, the whole will be to major portion as this one to the minor, it´s expressed as if (a+b)/b= b/a, relationship between this segments will be equivalent to number value of Phi (1.618). That was the reason to carry out present study to evaluate the behavior of divine proportions on dental measuring. Transversal descriptive study was carrying out using cast model belonging to 80 students from 18 to 25 years of Havana´s Faculty of Dentistry. Measures were taking account highest width of teeth and then related with some teeth pairs being identified relationship about divine proportion according to occlusion characteristic. Only five of thirteen teeth pairs were bearing on established rank for divine proportion on individuals with normal occlusion as much as individuals with malocclusion.