A study of high division of sciatic nerve in human cadavers and its clinical significance

Background: Sciatic nerve is a mixed nerve which provide sensory and motor supply for skin and muscles of the lower limb by tibial and common peroneal nerve. Anatomical variations of sciatic nerve at high division have been reported by various authors. The path of the sciatic nerve is important while administration of intramuscular injection to prevent nerve injury and nerve blockage failure during anesthesia. This knowledge of high division helps in different surgical approach for sciatic nerve injury or hip dislocation. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe incidences of high division variation of Sciatic nerve and different types in cadavers during routine dissection schedule. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted during routine dissection schedule in anatomy department for first MBBS students to observe sciatic nerve course in 30 gluteal regions from 15 adult cadavers fixed by formalin. Location of sciatic nerve in relation to piriformis muscle and its division whether in single nerve sheath or separate sheath and types was recorded. Results: In 12 cadavers (80%), sciatic nerve course found normal which leaves pelvis at inferior border of piriformis muscle and bifurcate in terminal branches tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve as it approaches at the apex of popliteal fossa. In 3 cadavers (20%), two male and one female, we found high division of sciatic nerve where terminal branches, tibial nerve, and common peroneal nerve leave the pelvis below piriformis separately in different sheaths. Conclusion: Knowledge of variations-related high division of sciatic nerve would help surgeons during different interventions related to sciatic nerve and for preventing further complications.

Expression and prognostic significance of cell division cycle associated protein 5 in pancreatic cancer tissues / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To analyze the expression of cell division cycle associated protein 5 (CDCA5) in pancreatic cancer tissues and its correlation with prognosis based on the bioinformatics.Methods:The RNA sequencing data (HTSeq-FPKM) and corresponding clinical information of 168 pancreatic cancer samples from January to December 2021 were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the data of 179 pancreatic patients from January to December 2021 were downloaded from the GEPIA2 database, and 171 normal pancreatic tissues from TCGA and GTEx databases were simultaneously integrated. The relative expression level of CDCA5 mRNA in pancreatic cancer patients in GEPIA2 database and its relationship with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were explored. Combined with the clinical data of the patients, univariate and multivariate Cox regression model analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the OS of pancreatic cancer patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to investigate the possibly involved signal pathways of CDCA5 in pancreatic cancer.Results:In the GEPIA2 database, the relative expression level of CDCA5 mRNA in pancreatic cancer tissues was higher than that in normal pancreatic tissues, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The pancreatic cancer patients were divided into the high CDCA5 mRNA expression group (89 cases) and the low CDCA5 mRNA expression group (89 cases) according to the median of relative expression level of CDCA5 mRNA (the case equal to the median value was not subgrouped). Survival analysis showed that patients with high CDCA5 mRNA expression had shorter OS ( P = 0.024) and DFS ( P = 0.025) compared with those with low CDCA5 mRNA expression. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that in TCGA database, N staging ( HR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.24-3.72, P = 0.006) and CDCA5 expression ( HR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.23-2.38, P = 0.001) were independent influencing factors of OS for pancreatic cancer patients. The results of GSEA enrichment analysis indicated that high CDCA5 mRNA expression was enriched in 13 biological pathways [all P < 0.05, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.005] including cell cycle, DNA replication, homologous recombination, pyrimidine metabolism, mismatch repair, pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis gluconeogenesis and p53. The expression of CDCA5 mRNA was positively correlated with the expressions of HK2, PKM, PGK1, ALDOA, EN01 and LDHA (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:CDCA5 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and is associated with poor prognosis of patients, and it can be used as a prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer.

Influencing of inferior mediastinum and esophageal hiatus lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction invading submucosal different venous divisions of esophagogastric junction / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the influencing of inferior mediastinum and esophageal hiatus lymph node metastasis by submucosal different venous divisions of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) invaded in Siewert type Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG).Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 547 patients with Siewert type Ⅱ AEG who were admitted to Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were collected. There were 461 males and 86 females, aged 61 (range, 33?75)years. Observa-tion indicators: (1) lymph node metastasis rate in different groups; (2) influencing factors of inferior mediastinum lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ AEG; (3) influencing factors of esophageal hiatus lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ AEG. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range) or M( Q1, Q3), and com-parison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as percentages or absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. The univariate analysis was conducted using the corresponding statistical methods based on data type. The Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results:(1) Lymph node metastasis rate in different groups. The lymph node metastasis rate in No. 1, 2, 3, 4sa, 4sb, 7, 8a, 9, 11,20, 108, 110 of the 547 patients was 17.37%(95/547), 6.76%(37/547), 46.44%(254/547), 1.65%(9/547), 1.10%(6/547), 23.22%(127/547), 4.39%(24/547), 3.11%(17/547), 3.47%(19/547), 3.66%(20/547), 0.55%(3/547), 4.20%(23/547), respectively. Of the 547 patients, there were 456 cases with proximal of AEG invading submucosal palisade venous of EGJ including 4 cases with inferior mediastinum lymph node metastasis and no case with media mediastinum or up media-stinum lymph node metastasis. There were 91 cases with proximal of AEG invading submucosal perforator venous of EGJ including 18 cases with inferior mediastinum lymph node metastasis, 3 cases with media mediastinum lymph node metastasis and no case with up mediastinum lymph node metastasis. (2) Influencing factors of inferior mediastinum lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ AEG. Results of multivariate analysis showed that age, tumor invading submucosal perforator venous of EGJ and histological classification were independent influencing factors for inferior media-stinum lymph node metastasis of Siewert type Ⅱ AEG ( odds ratio=0.93, 23.33, 0.31, 95% confidence interval as 0.87?0.99, 4.18?130.28, 0.12?0.78, P<0.05). (3) Influencing factors of esophageal hiatus lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ AEG. Tumor invading submucosal perforator venous of EGJ was an independent influencing factor for esophageal hiatus lymph node metastasis of Siewert type Ⅱ AEG ( odds ratio=14.95, 95% confidence interval as 2.46?90.76, P<0.05). Conclusion:Age, tumor invading submucosal perforator venous of EGJ and histological classification are independent influencing factors for inferior mediastinum lymph node metastasis of Siewert type Ⅱ AEG, and tumor invading submucosal perforator venous of EGJ is an independent influencing factor for esophageal hiatus lymph node metastasis.

Biological Functions and Mechanism of Casein KinaseHrr25 / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Hrr25 is a member of the casein kinase 1 family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has serine / threonine protein kinase activity. It can function by phosphorylating a variety of proteins. The substrate proteins of Hrr25 include autophagy related proteins, COPII (coat protein complexes II) vesicle coat proteins Sec24 and Sec23, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6, γ- Tubulin tub4, and extender complex protein 1, etc. In addition, Hrr25 can also interact with meiotic recombinant protein Rec8, Nucleoporin Nup53, transcription regulator Crz1, and transcription activator Haa1, etc. A variety of interacting proteins of Hrr25 enable it to play a role in autophagy, vesicular transport, microtubule assembly, meiosis, mitosis, DNA repair, ribosomal biogenesis, weak organic acid stress and other biological processes. In order to better understand the action mechanism of Hrr25 in various biological processes and the relationship between various biological processes, this paper summarizes the biological functions and action mechanism of Hrr25, and the potential significance of its research, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the further research of Hrr25.

Effects of liraglutide on inflammation and mitochondrial fusion/division in Parkinson' s disease model of mice induced by paraquat / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of liraglutide on the paraquat (PQ)⁃ induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model. Methods Totally 24 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, PQ group and PQ +liraglutide group, 8 mice in each group. PD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of PQ (10 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days, and liraglutide (50 nmol/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. The free⁃standing and locomotor activity of mice were measured by behavioral method. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) immunoreactive cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of protein TH, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), mitofusin⁃2 (Mfn2) and dynamin⁃related protein 1 (Drp1). Results The numbers of free⁃standing and locomotor activity numbers decreased significantly (P<0.01, P < 0.05) in PQ group compared with the control group, and the number of TH immunoreactive cells and TH protein expression in substantia nigra decreased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.01) compared with the control group, while the number of Iba1 immunoreactive cells and GFAP protein expression increased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.01) compared with the control group; the expression of Drp1 protein in PQ group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), while the Mfn2 protein expression decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared with the control group. After treatment with liraglutide, the number of TH positive cells in PQ + liraglutide group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05); the numbers of free⁃standing and locomotor activity increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.05) in PQ + liraglutide group compared with the PQ group, and the number of TH positive cells and expression of TH protein in PQ + liraglutide group were significantly higher than that in PQ group (P<0.01, P< 0.01); while the number of Iba1 positive cells and GFAP protein expression decreased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05) compared with the PQ group; the Drp1 protein expression decreased significantly (P<0.01) compared with the PQ group, while the expression of Mfn2 protein in PQ + liraglutide group was significantly higher than that in PQ group (P<0.01). Conclusion Liraglutide has neuroprotective effect by reducing neuroinflammation in substantia nigra, regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission.

Maternal liver damage induced by cadmium exposure in pregnant mice through hypoxia inducible factor-1α-mediated upregulation in DRP1 / 环境与职业医学

Background Mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) regulates mitochondrial division and plays an important role in maintaining hepatocyte function. However, the role of DRP1 in cadmium exposure-induced maternal liver damage in pregnant mice remains unclear. Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of DRP1 in maternal liver damage induced by cadmium exposure during pregnancy. Methods This study consisted of animal experiments and cell experiments. (1) Animal experiments. Mice at 14 days of gestation were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a low-dose cadmium group (LCd group: 2.5 mg·kg−1), and a high-dose cadmium group (HCd group: 5 mg·kg−1). The pregnant mice were intraperitoneally injected with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 6 and 24 h in the next morning. The weights of pregnant mice, uterus, maternal liver, and fetal mice were recorded after sacrifice. Serum and liver of pregnant mice were collected, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were detected, and liver tissues were stained with HE to observe changes in liver function and liver tissue structure. The expressions of oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and DRP1 proteins in liver of pregnant mice were detected by Western blotting. (2) Cell experiments. AML12 cells were treated with CdCl2 (10 μmol·L−1) for 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. The expressions of oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins, DRP1, and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) proteins were detected. AML12 cells were pretreated with DRP1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 for 1 h and then CdCl2 (10 μmol·L−1) for 12 h to detect the expression of oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins and DRP1 protein. AML12 cells were treated with Hif-1α siRNA for 48 h and CdCl2 (10 μmol·L−1) for 6 h to detect the expression of HIF-1α and DRP1 proteins. Results The results of animal experiments showed that cadmium exposure in pregnant mice had no effects on maternal liver weight and liver coefficient. However, the histomorphological changes and necrosis in hepatocytes were observed. Compared with the control group, the serum ALT and AST levels of pregnant mice in the LCd group were significantly increased after 6 h (P＜0.05), and the levels in the HCd group were significantly increased after 6 and 24 h (P＜0.05). Cadmium exposure during pregnancy significantly up-regulated HIF-1α and DRP1 expressions and down-regulated the expressions of oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins in maternal livers. In vitro cell experiments showed that the expressions of oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins was significantly decreased and HIF-1α and DRP1 protein expressions were significantly increased in the AML12 cells treated with CdCl2 for 6 h. Mdivi-1 pretreatment significantly antagonized the inhibitory effect of cadmium on the expressions of oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins in AML12 cells, while Hif-1α siRNA pretreatment significantly antagonized the up-regulative effect of cadmium on DRP1 expression in AML12 cells. Conclusion Cadmium exposure in pregnant mice may up-regulate DRP1 expression by activating HIF-1α signaling, then inhibit oxidative phosphorylation level of hepatic cells, and ultimately lead to maternal liver damage.

Engineering microbial consortia through synthetic biology approach / 生物工程学报

There are a large number of natural microbial communities in nature. Different populations inside the consortia expand the performance boundary of a single microbial population through communication and division of labor, reducing the overall metabolic burden and increasing the environmental adaptability. Based on engineering principles, synthetic biology designs or modifies basic functional components, gene circuits, and chassis cells to purposefully reprogram the operational processes of the living cells, achieving rich and controllable biological functions. Introducing this engineering design principle to obtain structurally well-defined synthetic microbial communities can provide ideas for theoretical studies and shed light on versatile applications. This review discussed recent progresses on synthetic microbial consortia with regard to design principles, construction methods and applications, and prospected future perspectives.

Design and applications of synthetic electroactive microbial consortia / 生物工程学报

Synthetic electroactive microbial consortia, which include exoelectrogenic and electrotrophic communities, catalyze the exchange of chemical and electrical energy in cascade metabolic reactions among different microbial strains. In comparison to a single strain, a community-based organisation that assigns tasks to multiple strains enables a broader feedstock spectrum, faster bi-directional electron transfer, and greater robustness. Therefore, the electroactive microbial consortia held great promise for a variety of applications such as bioelectricity and biohydrogen production, wastewater treatment, bioremediation, carbon and nitrogen fixation, and synthesis of biofuels, inorganic nanomaterials, and polymers. This review firstly summarized the mechanisms of biotic-abiotic interfacial electron transfer as well as biotic-biotic interspecific electron transfer in synthetic electroactive microbial consortia. This was followed by introducing the network of substance and energy metabolism in a synthetic electroactive microbial consortia designed by using the "division-of-labor" principle. Then, the strategies for engineering synthetic electroactive microbial consortiums were explored, which included intercellular communications optimization and ecological niche optimization. We further discussed the specific applications of synthetic electroactive microbial consortia. For instance, the synthetic exoelectrogenic communities were applied to biomass generation power technology, biophotovoltaics for the generation of renewable energy and the fixation of CO2. Moreover, the synthetic electrotrophic communities were applied to light-driven N2 fixation. Finally, this review prospected future research of the synthetic electroactive microbial consortia.

Identification of anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents targeting the interaction of bacterial division proteins FtsZ and SepFe

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadly diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which presents a significant public health challenge. Treatment of TB relies on the combination of several anti-TB drugs to create shorter and safer regimens. Therefore, new anti-TB agents working by different mechanisms are urgently needed. FtsZ, a tubulin-like protein with GTPase activity, forms a dynamic Z-ring in cell division. Most of FtsZ inhibitors are designed to inhibit GTPase activity. In Mtb, the function of Z-ring is modulated by SepF, a FtsZ binding protein. The FtsZ/SepF interaction is essential for FtsZ bundling and localization at the site of division. Here, we established a yeast two-hybrid based screening system to identify inhibitors of FtsZ/SepF interaction in M. tuberculosis. Using this system, we found compound T0349 showing strong anti-Mtb activity but with low toxicity to other bacteria strains and mice. Moreover, we have demonstrated that T0349 binds specifically to SepF to block FtsZ/SepF interaction by GST pull-down, fluorescence polarization (FP), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and CRISPRi knockdown assays. Furthermore, T0349 can inhibit bacterial cell division by inducing filamentation and abnormal septum. Our data demonstrated that FtsZ/SepF interaction is a promising anti-TB drug target for identifying agents with novel mechanisms.

Linkage of blood cell division cycle 42 with T helper cells, and their correlation with anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in stroke patients

Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) regulates T helper (Th) cell differentiation and is related to psychological disorders. This study aimed to assess the correlation between blood CDC42 and Th cells, and their association with mental issues in stroke patients. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 264 stroke patients and 50 controls. Then, serum CDC42 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were applied to patients. CDC42 was decreased (P<0.001), Th1 (P=0.013) and Th17 (P<0.001) cells were elevated, while Th2 cells (P=0.108) showed no difference in stroke patients compared to controls. In addition, CDC42 was negatively associated to Th1 (P=0.013) and Th17 (P<0.001) cells in stroke patients but were not associated with Th2 cells (P=0.223). Interestingly, CDC42 was negatively associated with HADS-anxiety (P<0.001) and HADS-depression scores (P=0.034) and positively associated with MMSE score (P<0.001) in stroke patients. Lower CDC42 was associated to lower occurrence of anxiety (P=0.002), depression (P=0.001), and cognitive impairment (P=0.036) in stroke patients. Furthermore, increased Th17 cells were positively correlated with HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression scores and inversely correlated with MMSE score, which were also associated with higher occurrence of anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in stroke patients (all P<0.05). Blood CDC42 and Th17 cells were correlated, and both of them were linked to the risk of anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. However, the findings need further large-scale validation, and the implicated mechanism needs more investigation.

O fortalecimento do patriarcado e a desvalorização do trabalho de cuidado no capitalismo / The strengthenin of patriarchy and the devaluation of care work in capitalism

Resumo: Este artigo busca compreender como os processos de colonização europeia e de acumulação primitiva do capital estão relacionados à destinação de atividades de cuidado para as mulheres, e a simultânea invisibilidade e desvalorização dessas experiências femininas. À luz de autoras feministas, são discutidos como a expansão do capitalismo e a colonização desencadearam o fortalecimento do patriarcado e a potencialização da divisão sexual do trabalho.

Abstract: This article seeks to understand how the processes of European colonization and primitive capital accumulation are related to the allocation of care activities for women and the simultaneous invisibility and devaluation of these female experiences. In the light of feminist authors, it is discussed how the expansion of capitalism and colonization triggered the strengthening of patriarchy and the potentiation of the sexual division of labor.

Embracing the cordillera: Luis Carranza Ayarza and the development of environmental imaginaries in late-nineteenth-century Peru / Abrazando la cordillera: Luis Carranza Ayarza y el desarrollo de los imaginarios ambientales en el Perú de fines del siglo XIX

Abstract This article examines the relationship between local scientific ideas about the natural world and the economic potential to transform the modern nation-state in Peru during the late nineteenth century. Writings by the Peruvian scientist Luis Carranza indicate how support for a distinctive environmental imaginary of the country's geography made it possible to conceptualize nature as an essential component of Peruvian identity. As a result, local scientists had to "imaginatively" reshape the nature of the Andes for modernization purposes. The social and political ramifications of these ideas in Carranza's work were key to the foundation of scientific institutions such as the Geographical Society of Lima.

Resumen Este artículo examina la relación entre las ideas científicas locales sobre el mundo natural y el potencial económico para transformar el Estado-nación moderno en el Perú a fines del siglo XIX. Los escritos del científico peruano Luis Carranza señalan cómo el apoyo a un imaginario ambiental distintivo de la geografía del país permitió conceptualizar la naturaleza como componente esencial de la identidad peruana. Como resultado, los científicos locales tuvieron que remodelar "imaginativamente" la naturaleza de los Andes con fines de modernización. Las ramificaciones sociales y políticas de estas ideas en la obra de Carranza fueron clave para la fundación de instituciones científicas como la Sociedad Geográfica de Lima.

El cuidado como cuestión de tiempo: una perspectiva feminista sobre el tiempo cotidiano de cuidadoras de personas adultas con discapacidad / Caregiving as a matter of time: A feminist perspective of the daily time of women caregivers of adults with disabilities / O cuidado como questão de tempo: uma perspectiva feminista sobre o tempo cotidiano de mulheres cuidadoras de pessoas adultas com deficiência

El artículo aborda el carácter histórico y político del tiempo, por considerarle un articulador de la existencia humana, a partir de una lectura crítica de la vida cotidiana. La reproducción de la temporalidad está mediada por el trabajo, el que, analizado desde una perspectiva feminista-marxista, permite reconocer desigualdades en la experiencia del tiempo de hombres y mujeres, basadas en la división sexual del trabajo. Para profundizar en este fenómeno se presentan resultados derivados de una investigación cualitativa que buscó analizar la experiencia del tiempo cotidiano de mujeres que realizan el trabajo de cuidados de personas adultas con discapacidad en Santiago de Chile. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y observaciones participantes en los contextos cotidianos de ocho mujeres, reconociendo que su experiencia del tiempo depende de otras personas, que está densificada por la continua realización simultánea de trabajos no remunerados y que no distingue tiempos libres, de ocio ni por fuera del cuidado. Se concluye reconociendo que las desigualdades de género también producen desigualdades en la experiencia del tiempo, lo que insta a avanzar en políticas sociales que reconozcan el cuidado como un derecho social para que las mujeres puedan construir experiencias de sentido, azar, demora y libertad.

The article addresses time's historical and political character, considering it an articulator of human existence from a critical reading of everyday life. The reproduction of temporality is mediated by work, which, analyzed from a feminist-Marxist perspective, allows the recognition of inequalities in the experience of time for men and women based on the sexual division of labor. To delve into this phenomenon, the article presents the results from qualitative research that sought to analyze the daily experience of women who are caregivers of adults with disabilities in Santiago de Chile. Methodologically, semi-structured interviews and participant observations were made in the everyday contexts of eight women, recognizing that their experience of time depends on other people, that it is densified by the continuous and simultaneous performance of unpaid work, and that it does not distinguish free time, leisure, or time outside care. It concludes by recognizing that gender inequalities also produce inequalities in the experience of time, which urges progress in social policies recognizing care as a social right so that women can build experiences of meaning, chance, delay, and freedom.

O artigo aborda a natureza histórica e política do tempo, considerando-o um articulador da existência humana, a partir de uma leitura crítica da vida cotidiana. A reprodução da temporalidade é mediada pelo trabalho, que, analisado a partir de uma perspectiva feminista-marxista, permite reconhecer desigualdades na experiência do tempo de homens e mulheres, a partir da divisão sexual do trabalho. Para aprofundar este fenômeno, são apresentados os resultados derivados de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que buscou analisar a experiência do tempo cotidiano de mulheres que realizam o trabalho de cuidar de adultos com deficiência em Santiago do Chile. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações participantes nos contextos cotidianos de oito mulheres, reconhecendo que sua experiência do tempo depende de outras pessoas, que está intensificada pelo desempenho contínuo e simultâneo de trabalhos não remunerados, e que não distingue os tempos livres, de lazer nem externo ao cuidado. Conclui-se reconhecendo que as desigualdades de gênero também produzem desigualdades na experiência do tempo, o que urge avançar em políticas sociais que reconheçam o cuidado como um direito social, para que as mulheres possam construir experiências de sentido, casualidade, lentidão e liberdade.

Mulheres, feminismo e Terapia Ocupacional: uma análise crítica da literatura sobre questões de gênero que impactam a profissão / Women, feminism, and Occupational Therapy: A critical analysis of the literature on gender issues impacting the profession / Mujeres, feminismo y Terapia Ocupacional: un análisis crítico de la literatura sobre las cuestiones de género que afectan a la profesión

O desequilíbrio de gênero tem tido um grande impacto na Terapia Ocupacional (TO) desde seu início, mas foi somente no final do século XX que a perspectiva feminista começou a ser considerada no campo. Este artigo visa fornecer uma visão geral de como a literatura de OT aborda as questões de gênero em uma reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento da profissão. É uma revisão temática baseada em uma pesquisa bibliográfica em bancos de dados - Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo, PubMed e Google Scholar - usando os termos: "terapia ocupacional" e "mulher", "mulheres", "feminismo", "feminista", "feminino", "gênero". 30 artigos foram analisados e discutidos sob quatro tópicos: Conceito de gênero; Mulheres e feminismo na história da TO; Segregação de gênero na TO: estereótipos femininos e cultura feminina; Gênero e relações de poder: a luta pelo reconhecimento. Um pensamento crítico com abordagem feminista é crucial para o desenvolvimento de uma profissão cuja maioria dos profissionais são mulheres. Tecida junto às lutas das mulheres por direitos, por mulheres que trouxeram para o ambiente de trabalho valores considerados tradicionalmente femininos, a TO cuida das pessoas, do mundo e da vida.

Gender bias has been present in Occupational Therapy since its early years in the United States of America, but it was only in the last decades of the 20th century that this fact began to be problematized. This article presents a critical literature review that aims to summarize, analyze and discuss articles that address the presence and role of women and the impact of gender segregation in the profession. The review was conducted by surveying and identifying relevant material in the Occupational Therapy literature in English, Portuguese and Spanish, and no time frame was established. Twenty-nine articles were analyzed and discussed under four topics: gender concept in the texts; women and feminism in the history of Occupational Therapy; gender segregation: female stereotypes and women's culture; gender and power relations: the struggle for recognition. The analyses pointed to the importance of recovering the connections with feminism present in the emergence of the profession. The feminist perspective can strengthen Occupational Therapy's theoretical and philosophical bases and help understand and address the gender inequalities in the lives of occupational therapists.

El desequilibrio de género ha estado presente en la Terapia Ocupacional desde sus inicios en los Estados Unidos de América, pero fue solo en las últimas décadas del siglo XX que este hecho comenzó a ser problematizado. Este artículo presenta una revisión crítica de la literatura que tuvo como objetivo sintetizar, analizar y discutir artículos que abordan la presencia y el papel de las mujeres y el impacto de la segregación de género en la profesión. La revisión se llevó a cabo mediante la búsqueda e identificación de material relevante en la literatura de Terapia Ocupacional en español, inglés y portugués sobre el tema, sin corte temporal. Fueron analizados y discutidos 29 artículos, bajo cuatro temas: concepto de género presente en los textos; mujeres y feminismo en la historia de la Terapia Ocupacional; segregación de género: estereotipos femeninos y cultura de las mujeres; género y relaciones de poder: la lucha por el reconocimiento. Los análisis señalan la importancia de recuperar las conexiones con el feminismo que estuvieron presentes en el surgimiento de la profesión. La perspectiva feminista puede fortalecer las bases teóricas y filosóficas de la Terapia Ocupacional y ayudar a comprender y abordar las desigualdades de género que atraviesan la vida de las terapeutas ocupacionales.

"The one who takes care is the mother": Legal mediators' child care imaginary / "Quem cuida é a mãe": imaginário de mediadores judiciais sobre cuidado infantil

Objective Investigate child care collective imaginaries, a focus justified by the social and family transformations resulting from the massive insertion of women into the labor market. Method The study is organized methodologically from the perspective of concrete psychoanalytic psychology, articulating the use of the psychoanalytic method with relational theorizations. The research involves collective psychological interviews, in which 12 judicial mediators were interviewed through the Thematic Drawing and Story Procedure. Results The psychoanalytical consideration of the material allowed the interpretative production of four affective-emotional meaning fields. Conclusion The general picture indicates that a conservative imaginary prevails in which the best child care is provided by the biological mother in the contexts of both the nuclear family and the matrifocal family while also maintaining a friendly bond with the father.

Objetivo Investigar imaginários coletivos sobre cuidado infantil, justificando-se face a transformações sociais e familiares decorrentes da maciça inserção da mulher no mundo laboral. Método Organizou-se metodologicamente na perspectiva da psicologia psicanalítica concreta, referencial que articula o uso do método psicanalítico com teorizações relacionais. Concretizou-se pela realização de entrevistas psicológicas coletivas, durante as quais 12 mediadores judiciais foram abordados por meio do uso do Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias com Tema. Resultados A consideração do material permitiu a produção interpretativa de quatro campos de sentido afetivo-emocional. Conclusão O quadro geral indica o predomínio de um imaginário conservador, conforme o qual o melhor cuidado infantil é aquele proporcionado pela mãe biológica no contexto da família nuclear ou da família matrifocal que mantém vínculo amistoso com o pai.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knockout of KIFC1 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer Cells / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the functions of the KIFC1 gene in tumor cells and its effect on the proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Methods We designed sgRNAs targeting the KIFC1 gene and constructed a recombinant plasmid based on the pSpCas9 (BB)-2A-GFP vector, which was co-transfected into HeLa cells. We screened monoclonal knockout cell lines through flow cytometry sorting, limited dilution inoculation of cells, and sequencing. RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the transcription and protein expression levels of KIFC1 in knockout cells. Cell phenotypes such as nucleus and microtubule cytoskeleton were observed using phase-contrast microscopy and fluorescence confocal microscopy. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were analyzed by growth curve plotting, EdU labeling, and acridine orange staining. Results The deletion of the KIFC1 gene resulted in the abnormal phenotypes of HeLa cells, with increased numbers of multinuclei, micronucleus, and disordered microtubules. The cell cycle was disrupted, accompanied with a significant increase in the ratio of late apoptotic cells and a decrease in cell proliferation (all P < 0.05). Conclusion KIFC1 gene deletion affects the assembly of microtubules and cell division in HeLa cells, leading to abnormal nuclear morphology, chromatin elimination, cell cycle arrest, and increased cell apoptosis.

Inserção de médicas na formação de especialidades da comissão de residência médica do Hospital Geral Roberto Santos / Inclusion of female physicians in the HGRS medical residency committee's medical specialties / Inserción de médicas en la formación de la especialidad del comité de residencia médica del Hospital General Roberto Santos

A inserção das mulheres na medicina tem sido progressiva, com média de 5,2% de aumento a cada década nos últimos trinta anos. As mulheres já são maioria entre as faixas etárias até 34 anos (55,3%) e até 29 anos, representando 58,5% dos graduandos, segundo o Conselho Federal de Medicina. A abordagem do tipo quantiqualitativa e exploratória, com levantamento e análise de dados secundários, buscou evidenciar uma amostra temporal sobre a inserção das mulheres na formação de especialidades médicas da Comissão de Residência Médica (Coreme) do Hospital Geral Roberto Santos (HGRS). Apesar da formação da graduação ser equânime e da entrada das médicas na residência no HGRS permanecer com média de 69,2%, os quantitativos de preceptoras, supervisoras e coordenadoras de serviço relacionados aos programas de residência médica na instituição são bem inferiores (40,5%; 17,4% e 26,1%, respectivamente), não oportunizando a progressão das médicas para os espaços de decisão e gestão. Quanto à coordenação da Coreme, não há registro de mulheres médicas na função da instituição. Trabalhar as questões de gênero em unidade hospitalar no contexto da medicina, profissão surgida da hegemonia masculina e patriarcal, enquanto cultura, não é simples, mas necessário. O estudo traz uma reflexão para o diálogo sobre a construção de políticas de desenvolvimento na gestão do trabalho, que envolva equidade e justiça social quanto ao gênero no ensino da residência médica, com equiparação de direitos e valores que possam beneficiar a igualdade no desenvolvimento social nos dias atuais.

Women have been progressively integrating medicine programs, with an average increase of 5.2% each decade in the past 30 years. Female physicians are already the majority among the age groups of up to 34 years (55.3%) and up to 29 years, representing 58.5% of undergraduates, according to the Federal Council of Medicine. This quantitative, qualitative and exploratory research, based on survey and analysis of secondary data, sought to highlight a temporal sample on the inclusion of women in the medical specialties of the Geral Roberto Santos Hospital's (HGRS) Medical Residency Committee (Coreme). Despite an equanimous graduation education and a fixed average entry of female physicians (69.2%) into the HGRS residency, the number of female preceptors, supervisors and service coordinators related to the residency programs are much lower (40.5%,17.4% and 26.1%, respectively), hindering their carrier progression to decision and management roles. As for the Coreme coordination, there is no record of female physicians exercising this role. Discussing gender issues in medicine­ a profession that emerged from male and patriarchal hegemony­within a hospital setting as a cultural phenomenon is complex and necessary. The study reflects on the development of management policies to include gender-based equity and social justice in medical residency, fostering equal rights and values in today's society.

La creciente inserción de la mujer en la medicina ha sido progresiva, con un aumento promedio del 5,2% cada década en los últimos 30 años. Las mujeres predominan entre los grupos de edad de los 34 años (55,3%) y de los 29 años, y representa el 58,5% de los estudiantes de grado según el Consejo Federal de Medicina. El enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo, exploratorio, con encuesta y análisis de datos secundarios, buscó destacar una muestra temporal sobre la inclusión de mujeres en la formación de especialidades médicas de la Comisión de Residencia Médica (Coreme) del Hospital General Roberto Santos (HGRS). A pesar de que la formación de graduación es ecuánime y de que el ingreso de médicas a la residencia en el HGRS se mantiene en un promedio del 69,2%, el número de preceptoras, supervisoras y coordinadoras de servicios relacionado con los programas de residencia en la institución es muy inferior (el 40,5%; el 17,4% y el 26,1%, respectivamente), lo que no permite la progresión de las médicas a los espacios de decisión y gestión. En cuanto a la coordinación del Coreme, no existe registro de mujeres médicas en el rol de la institución. No es sencillo sino necesario trabajar temas de género en una unidad del hospital en el contexto de la medicina, una profesión que surgió de la hegemonía masculina patriarcal como cultura. Este estudio permite reflexionar sobre el diálogo de la formación de políticas de desarrollo en la gestión del trabajo, que incluya la equidad y la justicia social respecto al género en la enseñanza de residencia médica, con igualdad de derechos y valores que pueden favorecer la igualdad al desarrollo social en la actualidad.

División de Pediatría UC: más de 50 años de historia de crecimiento y desarrollo / UC Division of Pediatrics: more than 50 years of history of growth and development

Con mucha alegría y satisfacción celebramos 52 años de la creación del Departamento (hoy División) de Pediatría en la Facultad de Medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile en 1970, y 50 años desde el egreso de los primeros pediatras de nuestro programa de especialidad médica. Si bien oficialmente el Departamento de Pediatría nació en 1970 por un decreto del entonces Decano Dr. Juan Ignacio Monge, las raíces de la enseñanza de la pediatría se remontan a enero de 1954, cuando Monseñor Alejandro Silva Santiago, Rector de la Universidad, creó la Cátedra de Pediatría y nombró como su primer Profesor Titular al Dr. Julio Meneghello Rivera.

Impact of the vertical division of the rectum on the decrease in reloading of the endostapler for a complete division in colorectal cancer

Background: Despite several improvements in surgical techniques, the intracorporeal division of the distal end of the rectum is still challenging, particularly when it is too deep in a narrow pelvis. Even though it helps avoid spillage, the double-stapling technique (DST) raises concerns regarding safety and anastomotic leakage if multiple stapler firings are essential to complete the rectal division. Objective: To assess the feasibility of vertically dividing the rectum and its impact in reducing the number of reloads essential for that division in non-low rectal cancer patients undergoing total mesorectal excision (TME). Materials and Methods A retroprospective study. Results: From January 2017 to November 2021, a total of 123 patients with sigmoid and rectal cancers were enrolled in the present study; their data were collected and analyzed, and 21 patients were excluded. The remaining sample of 102 subjects was composed of 47 male (46%) and 55 female (54%) patients with a median age of 54 years (range: 30 to 78 years). Only 1 reload was enough to complete the rectal division in 82 (80.39%) cases, and 2 reloads were used in the remaining 20 (19.61%) patients. Anastomotic leakage was clinically evident in 4 cases (3.9%). No statically significant difference was observed when firing one or two staplers. No 30-day mortality was recorded in this series. Conclusion: Our early experience indicates that this type of division has a real advantage in terms of decreasing the number of reloads needed and, in turn, lowering the incidence of anastomotic leakage after partial mesorectal excision (PME) or TME when applied with proper patient selection. (AU)

Divisão sexual do trabalho no contexto da Polícia Militar: uma análise no campo da psicodinâmica do trabalho / Sexual division of labor in the context of the Military Police: an analysis in the field of work psychodynamics / División sexual del trabajo en el contexto de la Policía Militar: un análisis en el campo de la psicodinámica del trabajo

Este artigo é uma pesquisa teórica que visa a identificar aspectos da divisão sexual do trabalho na inserção de mulheres à Polícia Militar brasileira, articulando-os ao campo teórico da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Para isso, nos pautamos em produções acerca da inserção e do cotidiano de mulheres na Polícia Militar. Compreendemos que a forma com que as mulheres policiais dão sentido as suas experiências laborais podem estar atravessadas por uma ideia de exaltação da virilidade, além de outros atributos que são tidos socialmente como masculinos, visto que as instituições militares brasileiras, historicamente, são compostas por um grande valor social, atrelado a uma concepção de bravura, virilidade, força física, heroísmo, entre outras; características que foram associadas à masculinidade e, contemporaneamente, ainda perpassam nosso meio social. Ressaltamos que as experiências no trabalho estão intima-mente relacionadas à produção de subjetividade, consequentemente, às formas com que os trabalhadores e trabalhadoras se reconhecem enquanto sujeitos em determinado contexto socio-histórico. (AU)

This article is a theoretical study that aims to identify aspects of the sexual division of labor in the incorporation of women into the Brazilian Military Police, linking them to the theoretical field of Work Psychodynamics. To do so, we rely on research on the insertion and daily experiences of women in the Military Police. We understand that the way in which women in the police interpret their work experiences may be shaped by an ideal of exalting virility, as well as other attributes that are socially seen as masculine. This is because Brazilian military institutions, historically, have been associated with values, such as bravery, virility, physical strength, heroism, among others, characteristics that are traditionally associated with masculinity and that continue to influence our social environment. We emphasize that work experiences are closely related to the production of subjectivity, and therefore to the way in which male and female workers recognize themselves as subjects in a particular socio-historical context. (AU)

Este artículo es una investigación teórica que tiene como objetivo identificar aspectos de la división sexual del trabajo en la inserción de las mujeres en la Policía Militar Brasileña, vinculándolas al campo teórico de la Psicodinámica del Trabajo. Para ello, nos guiamos por producciones sobre la inserción y la vida cotidiana de las mujeres en la Policía Militar. Entendemos que la forma en que las mujeres policías dan sentido a sus experiencias laborales puede estar atravesada por una idea de exaltación de la virilidad, además de otros atributos que se consideran socialmente masculinos, ya que las instituciones militares brasileñas, históricamente, están compuestas por una gran valor social, ligado a una concepción de valentía, virilidad, fuerza física, heroísmo, entre otras; características que estaban asociadas con la masculinidad y, al mismo tiempo, aún impregnan nuestro entorno social. Destacamos que las experiencias laborales están estrechamente relacionadas con la producción de subjetividad, en consecuencia, con las formas en que los trabajadores se reconocen a sí mismos como sujetos en un contexto socio-histórico determinado. (AU)