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Objective:To survey the training requirements for doctoral candidates in general practice.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the requirements for general practice doctorate training; the items included the training target, training objectives and training contents. A total of 130 stakeholders of general practice participated in the survey, including administrators in health committees, general practice educators of medical schools, general practitioners in hospital and community health service centers and students in general medicine. The participants were divided into training unit group ( n=42), employer group ( n=42) and doctor and student group ( n=46). Results:Among all training objectives, the training "general medicine scientific research ability" ranked the first (121, 93.1%); while 114 (87.7%) respondents believed that the training target should be the leading talents in general medicine. Regarding the content of clinical competence training, 86 (66.1%) respondents believed that there was a lack of medical care training for whole life-cycle and whole population currently. The training requirement for acute disease management and referral competence in employer group was significantly higher than the training unit group (χ2=25.73, P<0.01) and the doctor and student group (χ2=24.37, P<0.01). Most survey respondents believed that the doctorate candidates in general medicine should focus on scientific research training in community clinical medicine ( n=110, 84.6%), community preventive medicine and epidemiology ( n=114, 87.7%); 117 (90.0%) respondents believed that clinical research design and methodology training should be strengthened, and 125 (96.2%) respondents believed that clinical teaching thinking training should be strengthened; 108 (83.1%) survey respondents believed that it is necessary for their units to recruit personnel with doctoral degree in general medicine. Conclusion:The training of doctorate candidates in general medicine should aim at cultivating leading talents in general medicine, strengthen the training of clinical scientific research capabilities, and focus on cultivating their comprehensive abilities of "being able to research, be good at teaching, and understand management", so that they can truly become the leaders in this discipline.
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Introdução: embora, no Brasil, muito tenha sido feito para estimular a criação e manutenção de programas de pós-graduação ainda há carência de meios para avaliar e para mensurar a evolução profissional dos egressos. O objetivo é compreender a trajetória dos Doutores formados pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) e propor um índice de desempenho acadêmico e de inserção profissional. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal. Foram coletados dados dos Currículos Lattes dos egressos de doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), no período de 1987 a 2014. Foram extraídos apenas os dados pertinentes a sua origem, curso de graduação e de mestrado, produção intelectual, inserção acadêmica e a posição profissional. Resultados: foram analisados 324 doutores egressos, 221 eram graduados em Medicina. Foram utilizadas as variáveis: graduação em medicina, vínculo laboral em universidade pública, exerce atividade como orientador em nível de doutorado, exerce atividade como orientador em nível de mestrado, bolsista de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq e possui registro do índice H no currículo Lattes. O coeficiente de determinação (R2) demonstrou que as variáveis incluídas no modelo explicam 99% do modelo hierárquico. Conclusão: os resultados demonstram que os egressos têm contribuído para a construção de conhecimento qualificado disseminado em jornais de circulação internacional, formação de recursos humanos, interagir e criar parcerias em seu ambiente de trabalho, gerenciar e repassar o conhecimento, bem como para fomentar o conhecimento na área das ciências médicas com relevância regional, nacional e internacional. (AU)
Introduction: Although, in Brazil, much has been done to encourage the creation and maintenance of graduate programs, there remains a lack of means to assess and measure the professional outcomes of graduates. The objective is to understand the trajectory of doctoral graduates from the Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences (PPGCM), School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), and propose an index for academic performance and professional placement. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data available at CV Lattes database of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) were collected on doctoral graduates from the PPGCM, from 1987 to 2014. Only data pertaining to their origin, undergraduate and master's degrees, intellectual output, academic performance, and professional placement were retrieved. Results: Data on 324 doctoral graduates were analyzed, 221 had graduated in medicine. Undergraduate degree, employment at a public university, working as a doctoral-level advisor, working as a master's-level advisor, CNPq research productivity grantee, and having a recorded h-index in the Lattes curriculum were collected. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) demonstrated that the variables included in the model explain 99% of the hierarchical model. Conclusion: The results show that the graduates have contributed to developing qualified knowledge disseminated in international newspapers, training human resources, interacting and creating partnerships in the workplace, managing and passing on knowledge, as well as fostering knowledge in the area of medical sciences with regional, national, and international relevance. (AU)
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Universities , Academic Performance , Physicians/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical , Educational Measurement , Scientific and Technical ActivitiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the personal and professional characteristics, and the physical, psychiatric/psychological, and professional issues that exist among master's-, doctoral-, and post-doctoral-level health professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional, online, self-reported survey of 452 postgraduates who completed master's, doctoral, or post-doctoral degrees in one graduate program in pediatrics in São Paulo, Brazil, was conducted. RESULTS: The response rate was 47% (211/453). The majority of participants were women (78%) and physicians (74%), and the median age was 47 years (28-71). Master's, doctoral, and post-doctoral degrees were reported by 73%, 53%, and 3%, respectively. High workload (>40 hours/week) occurred in 59%, and 45% earned ≥15 minimum wages/month. At least one participation in scientific meeting in the past year was reported by 91%, and 79% had published their research. Thirty-nine percent served as a member of a faculty of an institution of higher learning. The data were analyzed by two age groups: participants aged ≤48 years (group 1) and participants aged >48 years (group 2). The median rating of overall satisfaction with the profession in the past year [8 (0-10) vs. 9 (1-10), p=0.0113]; workload >40 hours/week (53% vs. 68%, p=0.034); and ≥15 minimum wages/month (37% vs. 56%, p=0.0083) were significantly lower in group 1. Further analysis by gender revealed that the median rating of overall satisfaction with the profession in the past year [8 (0-10) vs. 9 (3-10), p=0.0015], workload >40 hours/week (53% vs. 83%, p=0.0002), and ≥15 minimum wages/month (37% vs. 74%, p=0.0001) were significantly lower in women compared with men. The median rating of overall satisfaction with the mentorship supervision provided was significantly higher among the women 10 (5-10) vs. 10 (2-10), p=0.0324]. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of master's-, doctoral-, and post-doctoral-level health professionals were women and physicians, and had published their thesis. Younger postgraduates and women reported low salaries, less likelihood of working >40 hours/week, and less overall satisfaction with their profession. Further longitudinal and qualitative studies are warranted to assess career trajectories after graduation.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pediatrics/education , Physicians , Quality of Life , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Education, Medical, GraduateABSTRACT
The present clinical doctorate system has some irrationalities in the connection with professional qualification . According to analyses of main problems in recruitment , training objective , curriculum design and clinical examination, we proposed some suggestions for carrying forward the comprehensive pilot system: clarify the training objective and improve the overall understanding of reform;improve the examination condition and standardize the recruitment process; improve the curriculum system and reform the teaching method; strengthen the way of quality examination and supervision; attach more attention on constructing tutor teams and explore the way of joint guidance.
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The anonymous review system for doctoral dissertations is an effective way of comprehensively evaluating the research capability and academic cultivation of doctoral students. It brings remarkable results in the quality control process of doctoral dissertations. However, the anonymous review system for doctoral dissertations also has some limitations. Unceasing development and improvement are needed in the practice, as well as continuous creation and exploration.
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By preventing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adhering to precoated agarose to create a model of MSC suspension in vitro, we investigated anoikis in MSCs and the role of caspase-3 in the anoikis. The cultured MSCs were randomly divided into 3 groups: the anoikis group,caspase-3 inhibitor group and control group. Before experiment, we coated dishes with 1.5 % agarose;in the anoikis group, MSCs were put into the precoated dishes; and in the inhibitor group, caspase-3 inhibitor and MSCs were also put into the precoated dishes; but there were not intervention in the control group. MSCs were collected at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. The alteration of caspase-3 activity was evaluated by caspase-3 fluorometric assay and western blot analysis. The apoptosis rates were detected by flow cytometry. MSCs were round and suspended sufficiently in the anoikis and inhibitor groups. Caspase-3 fluorometric assay showed that there were significant differences in statistics between the anoikis group and the others (P＜0.05). Western blot analysis discovered that caspase-3 expression.in the anoikis group was more than that in the control and inhibitor groups (P＜0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis peak appeared in all the three groups, but it increased dramatically in the anoikis group. The apoptosis rates in the inhibitor and control groups were low and stable.And there were significant differences in statistics between the anoikis group and the others (P＜0.05).MSCs will undergo anoikis in suspended condition if they are separated from the extracellular matrix.Caspase-3 inhibitors can suppress caspase-3 activity and reduce the apoptosis rate significantly. Caspase-3 plays a vital part in induced MSC anoikis in vitro. MSCs suspension culture system might be set up with argorose and caspase-3 inhibitor.
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The cloning and identification of frc gene from Oxalobacter formigenes in the intestines of Chinese people were conducted. The genomic DNA of Oxalobacter formigenes was extracted. frc gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and linked with pEGFP-C1. The recombinant plasmid was designated pEGFP-frc and was identified by restriction-enzyme digestion and sequencing. Human embryo kidney 293 cells were transfected with pEGFP-frc, then RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression offrc gene. The length of frc gene was found to be 1287 bp, and the homology of nucleotides and amino-acid residue with the sequence in GenBank was 95.88% and 99.07%. Bright green fluorescent light could be observed in 293 cells transfected with the pEGFP-frc. frc mRNA and fusion protein FCoAT-EGFP were detected in the cells. It is concluded that frc gene cloned from the Oxalobacterformigenes in the intestines of Chinese people can be expressed in eucaryotic 293 cells and keep its enzyme activity.