ABSTRACT
The concept of golden mean (Zhong Yong), i.e. moderation, is the highest principle of moral cultivation in Confucianism. It entails an exclusive methodology in addressing politics, philosophy and everything in the universe. This concept has permeated into all aspects of traditional Chinese culture. As an ancient therapy, tuina is an important part of Chinese medicine and has its characteristic theory and methods. Just like Chinese medicine, tuina has long been greatly influenced by the concept of golden mean. To better promote the development of tuina, it’s necessary to investigate the historical evolution of tuina and the concept of golden mean as well as the influence of ‘golden mean’ idea on tuina manipulation, mechanism and treatment.
ABSTRACT
There are multiple rights conflicts in the international protections of pharmaceutical intellectual property,among which the most prominent is the confrontation of the patent right and the right of life and health.This article tries to examine the pharmaceutical intellectual property rights with an ethical perspective,and resolve the conflict and moral dilemma in its international protection using the doctrine of the mean.When the pharmaceutical patent which is serviced as privacy and property rights,doesn't conflict with other more important rights,we should protect pharmaceutical patent and try our best to promote the attainment of it.Otherwise,the patent right should be replaced by the right of life and health.In practice,the international protection of pharmaceutical intellectual property should respect the difference principle,establish the appropriate price different system of pharmaceutical patent and carry forward humanism to safeguard the right of life and health.