The Effect of EOGT-Mediated O-Glcnac Modification on Notch Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Diseases / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is a unique post-translational modification that plays a regulatory role in many cellular processes, such as transcription, intracellular signaling, endocytosis, and protein stability. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-GlcNAc transferase (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein which can glycosylate the residues of Ser or Thr of secreted or membrane (transmembrane) glycoproteins containing EGF domain. Notch signaling pathway is involved in cell-to-cell communication which regulates cell biological processes through interactions between adjacent cells. To date, EOGT-mediated O-GlcNAc modification has been found to be involved in many human diseases, and shown significant relation with Notch signaling pathway. However, the specific molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we briefly introduce recent studies regarding to the roles of EOGT-mediated O-GlcNAc modification and its correlation with Notch signaling pathway in human diseases.

Differences in Metacognitive Skills among Undergraduate Students in Education, Psychology, and Medicine / Diferencias en Habilidades Metacognitivas entre Estudiantes de Pregrado en Educación, Psicología y Medicina

Abstract Metacognitive skills such as when and why to apply strategies successfully given task demands (conditional knowledge) and those that assist in regulation like comprehension monitoring are essential for effective learning. However, the debate regarding whether metacognitive skills are domain general or domain specific continues to rage among scholars. Presumably, if metacognitive skills are domain specific, there should be significant differences between domains whereas if they are domain general, there should be no differences across domains. Thus, in the present study we examined the generality/specificity of metacognitive skills (knowledge of cognition: declarative, procedural, and conditional; regulation of cognition: planning, information management, debugging, comprehension monitoring, and evaluation) in a sample of Colombian university students (N = 507) studying education (n = 156), psychology (n = 166), and medicine (n = 185) employing the Spanish version of the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. Results revealed that there were significant differences in all but two metacognitive skills (procedural knowledge and debugging) across domains, largely supporting the domain specific hypothesis, but also partially supporting the domain general view. Implications and recommendation of the findings for theory, research, and practice are discussed.

Resumen Entre las habilidades metacognitivas se encuentran la capacidad para saber cómo, cuándo y por qué aplicar estrategias de forma exitosa según las demandas de la tarea (conocimiento condicional) y aquellas otras capacidades que ayudan en la regulación cognitiva, como la supervisión en línea de la actividad de aprendizaje en curso, y la comprensión (monitoreo). Dichas habilidades se consideran esenciales para un aprendizaje efectivo. Sin embargo, el debate sobre si las habilidades metacognitivas son de dominio general o específico continúa siendo un tema de controversia entre los académicos. Presumiblemente, si estas habilidades son específicas de un dominio, debería haber diferencias significativas entre dominios, mientras que, si son de dominio general, estas diferencias no deberían de estar presentes. De acuerdo con lo anterior, en el presente estudio se examinó la generalidad/especificidad de las habilidades metacognitivas (conocimiento de la cognición: declarativo, procedimental y condicional; regulación de la cognición: planificación, gestión de la información, monitoreo, depuración y evaluación) en una muestra colombiana de estudiantes universitarios (N = 507) que, para el momento del estudio, se encontraban cursando un programa de pregrado en educación (n = 156), psicología (n = 166) y medicina (n = 185), mediante el uso de la versión en español del Inventario de Conocimiento Metacognitivo. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas en todas las habilidades metacognitivas evaluadas para las diferentes áreas de dominio, con excepción de dos habilidades metacognitivas: conocimiento procedimental y depuración, lo que respalda en gran medida la hipótesis específica del dominio, pero también apoya parcialmente la vista general del dominio. Se discuten las implicaciones y recomendaciones de los hallazgos para la teoría, la investigación y la práctica.

Generación de inferencias explicativas en la comprensión de textos expositivos: el rol de la memoria de trabajo y el conocimiento previo específico / Explanation-based inferences generation in expository texts comprehension: The role of working memory and specific prior knowledge

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo consistió en estudiar la relación entre la memoria de trabajo, el conocimiento previo y la generación de inferencias en la comprensión de textos. Con este propósito, 167 estudiantes universitarios completaron pruebas de memoria de trabajo y cuestionarios sobre su conocimiento acerca del cambio climático y de astronomía; luego de la lectura de dos textos expositivos referidos a ambos temas, completaron un cuestionario sobre inferencias. Los resultados del análisis de correlaciones y del análisis de senderos muestran que si bien la memoria de trabajo y el conocimiento previo específico de dominio tienen una relación con la generación de inferencias explicativas-repositivas, hay una relación de interacción de mediación entre estas variables que explica el rol de ellas sobre la generación de inferencias.

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to study the relationship between working memory, previous knowledge, and explanation-based inferences in expository text reading. To this effect, 167 undergraduates completed three working memory tasks, and two climate change and astronomy questionnaires, after reading two expository texts on these subjects. The results of the correlations and paths analyses show that, while working memory and specific previous domain knowledge are related to the generation of explanatory and reinstatement inferences, there is a mediation interaction relationship between these variables that explains their role in the generation of inferences.

Human coagulation factor VIII domain-specific recombinant polypeptide expression

BACKGROUND: Hemophilia A is caused by heterogeneous mutations in F8. Coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), the product of F8, is composed of multiple domains designated A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2. FVIII is known to interact with diverse proteins, and this characteristic may be important for hemostasis. However, little is known about domain-specific functions or their specific binding partners. METHODS: To determine F8 domain-specific functions during blood coagulation, the FVIII domains A1, A2, A3, and C were cloned from Hep3B hepatocytes. Domain-specific recombinant polypeptides were glutathione S-transferase (GST)- or polyhistidine (His)-tagged, over-expressed in bacteria, and purified by specific affinity chromatography. RESULTS: Recombinant polypeptides of predicted sizes were obtained. The GST-tagged A2 polypeptide interacted with coagulation factor IX, which is known to bind the A2 domain of activated FVIII. CONCLUSION: Recombinant, domain-specific polypeptides are useful tools to study the domain-specific functions of FVIII during the coagulation process, and they may be used for production of domain-specific antibodies.

Desenvolvimento de uma medida de risco: escala de propensão ao risco específico (Epre) / Development of a risk measure: specific risk-taking scale (Epre) / Desarrollo de una medida de riesgo: escala de la propensión al riesgo específico (Epre)

Este estudo teve o objetivo de construir e validar uma medida psicológica denominada de escala de propensão ao risco específico (Epre) para a população brasileira. Participaram do estudo 394 pessoas, sendo 158 adultos em conflito com a lei (n homens = 149; n mulheres = 9) que já haviam passado pela prisão (média idade = 34,23 anos; dp = 10,17), 122 estudantes universitários (n homens = 108; n mulheres = 14; m = 19,26; dp = 2,06) e 114 mulheres com idade superior a 40 anos e escolaridade a partir de ensino médio (m = 51,19; dp = 8,64). Os resultados de validação da medida apresentaram como produto um instrumento com estrutura de quatro dimensões (saúde/segurança, abuso de substâncias, investimento financeiro e risco nas relações sociais) com índices de confiabilidade satisfatórios para fins de pesquisa. Concluímos que a estrutura fatorial de propensão ao risco sugerida para o contexto brasileiro apresenta material relevante para diferenciações culturais e contextuais sobre o risco no país, entretanto há maior necessidade de consolidação do estudo desse construto em razão de sua complexidade conceitual.

This study aimed to construct and validate a psychological measure called the Specific Risk-Taking Scale (Epre) for the Brazilian population. The study included 394 people: 158 adults in conflict with the law (n men = 149; n women = 9) that had already been in prison (mean age = 34.23 years; sd = 10.17), 122 college students (n men = 108; n women = 14; m = 19.26; sd = 2.06) and 114 women above 40 years old and at least high school concluded (m = 51.19; sd = 8.64). The factor analysis procedures generated an instrument structured in four dimensions (health/safety, substance abuse, financial investment and risk in social relations) with satisfactory reliability indexes for research purposes. We concluded that the factor structure of risk-taking suggested here is a relevant material in the Brazilian context to study cultural and contextual differences on risk in this country. However this construct needs more studies to be consolidated because of its conceptual complexity.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las evidencias sobre la validez factorial de la escala de la propensión al riesgo específico (Epre), dirigida a la población brasileña. Participaron 394 personas: 158 adultos en conflicto con la ley (n hombre = 149; n mujer = 9) que ya había estado en prisión (media edad = 34,23 años; de = 10,17), 122 jóvenes universitarios (n hombre = 108; n mujer = 14; m = 19,26; de = 2,06) y 114 mujeres, con una media de edad de 50,86 (de = 8,64) años y la escolarización de la escuela secundaria. Los resultados de validación indicaron un instrumento con la estructura de cuatro dimensiones (salud/seguridad, abuso de sustancias, inversión financiera, relaciones sociales), mostrando índices de fiabilidad satisfactorios para fines de investigación. Concluimos que la estructura factorial de la propensión al riesgo sugeridos para el contexto brasileño presenta el material pertinente a las diferencias culturales y contextuales sobre el riesgo en este país, aunque hay una mayor necesidad de consolidación en el estudio de esta construcción desde su complejidad conceptual.

To gamble or not to gamble: a domain-specific intention / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore whether an individual' s intention to gamble varied across different types of gambling. Methods A total of 373 Macau students completed a questionnaire survey on intention to gamble dealing with thirteen types of gambling,and exploratory factor analyses were conducted. Results The analyses showed two factors that had eigenvalues greater than one and explained a total of 59. 455 percent of the variance,with the largest factor explaining 32.59 percent. Participants' intentions to gamble were relatively lower in gambles of low counterparty with mean scores varying from ( 1.62 ± 1.13 ) to ( 2.20 ± 1.35 ), while the intentions were higher in gambles of high counterparty with mean scores varying from ( 2.34 ± 1. 39 ) to ( 3.02 ± 1.55 ). Conclusion Respondents' degree of intention to gamble was highly domain-specific, varying with the type of gambling.An individual' s intention to gamble is not consistent across all content domains, which implied that a potential gambler is not necessarily intended to gamble in all types of gambling.

Variación en estilos de experimentación y conocimiento específico / Variation in experimentation styles and domain-specific

Este estudio explora la relación entre estrategias de experimentación y conocimiento específico en una tarea de descubrimiento científico. Grupos de biólogos expertos, psicólogos experimentalistas y legos en biología y experimentación se enfrentaron a una tarea en ecología de poblaciones, que implicaba lograr, a través de la manipulación de parámetros, un equilibrio entre presas y predadores. Se analizaron las tasas de éxito en la tarea, la amplitud y profundidad de la búsqueda experimental y los estilos globales de experimentación. Los resultados indican que los estilos de experimentación están asociados al conocimiento previo de los participantes. Los legos realizaron una extensa búsqueda a través del espacio del problema, contrario a los participantes de alto conocimiento, quienes concentraron su proceso de investigación en un número reducido de parámetros.

task of scientific discovery. Groups of expert biologists, experimental psychologists, and lay people in both biology and experimentation were asked to solve a task on population ecology, which implied reaching an equilibrium between preys and predators through parameter manipulation. Success rates, depth and breath of search, and global styles of experimentation were analyzed. Results indicated that experimentation styles are associated with the participants’ prior knowledge. Novices engaged in an extensive search through the scope of the problem, whereas expert participants focused their research process on a limited number of parameters.

Current Status of Disease-specific and Domain-specific Health-related Quality of Life Research in Korea / 대한류마티스학회지

OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally validated core quality of life instruments and for use of these measures in clinical trials widely. METHODS: Quality of Life Instruments Database (QOLID) was searched in order to identify all relevant disease-specific, population-specific, and domain-specific QOL instruments. Titles and abstracts of 27 articles related to QOL research conducted by Korean researchers were retrieved from MEDLINE and RICH database. These articles were comprehensively reviewed to analyse the cross cultural adaptation, validation and other aspects of application of Korean version of QOL measures. RESULTS: 1. The journal search yielded a total 27 disease-specific and domain-specific articles, of which 22 were published in Korean nursing academic journal, 5 in medical and public health journals 2. Search for QOLID resulted in 92 specific QOL measures. Thirty-six instruments of which 31 were disease-specific measures, 2 symptom-specific, 2 population-specific, and 1 domain-specific, were translated into Korean language among them. Four Korean version of specific QOL measures were used in articles in MEDLINE. They were Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), and Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). An article using Korean version of Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) is in press. 3. The Korean validated instruments published at international academic articles were HAQ, WOMAC, CHAQ, and CHQ. 4. The Korean version of Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ), Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument (KDQOL), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT), Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia (FACTT), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT- F), Functional Assessment of Spiritual Wellbeing (FACT-Sp), and FACT-Anemia are going on Korean validation and data collection under the author contact and permission. 5. Twenty six studies out of 27 Korean articles reported the use of 16 kinds of Western instrument. There were some flaws such as omission of validation steps, deletion of items, arbitrary change of response scale, and absence of cultural adaptation and conceptual consideration in those articles. CONCLUSION: To use the health outcomes disease-specific instruments universally and to perform multi-national studies, it is suggested that cross-cultural equivalence across all translated versions and conceptual equivalence of translated instruments to the original version must be verified and the quality of life assessment need to be applied to clinical trials.

A Study on the Mediation of Stress Between Perfectionism and Life Satisfaction / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To explore the mediation of stress between perfectionism and life satisfaction.Methods: 317 college students were surveyed with questionnaires.The data were analyzed by hierarchical regression.Results: ①Regarding general perfectionism,both male and female students' stress fully mediated negative perfectionism and life satisfaction but did not mediate positive perfectionism and life satisfaction;②Regarding domain-specific perfectionism,male students' appearance stress fully mediated related perfectionism and satisfaction,but for female students its mediation was partial.Both male and female students' personality stress fully mediated personality perfectionism and satisfaction.Mediation models involved academic,love,interpersonal relationship perfectionism and their related satisfaction were not found.Conclusion: The mediations of stress between perfectionism and life satisfaction are different in different life domains.

Development of College Student Perfectionism Scale / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective:To develop a domain-specific perfectionism scale for college students.Methods:Exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approaches were used to develop and evaluate the intra-structure of the scale.Results:Exploratory principle factor analysis of the items indicated that the scale had five factors,explaining 57.538% of the total variance.Internal consistency analysis showed that the Cronbach's ? coefficient,split-half and test-retest correlation coefficients were 0.648～0.781,0.664～0.790,0.720～0.779 respectively for the factors.Confirmatory fator analysis showed that the fit indexes for ?2/df,GFI,AGFI,NFI,NNFI,RMSEA,CFI,IFI were 2.32,0.91,0.88,0.84,0.88,0.06,0.90,0.90.Conclusion:Psychometric properties analysis shows that the scale achieves from good to exellent levels of internal consistency,test-retest rliability and content,construct and criteria-related validity.