ABSTRACT
Resumen Actualmente, el género Trichinella está constituido por 10 especies y 3 genotipos. La transmisión ocurre únicamente por ingestión de tejido muscular infectado. Entre los potenciales hospedadores se conforma un ciclo doméstico y un ciclo silvestre con posible retroalimentación constante entre ambos. Desde el año 2017 el funcionamiento del Matadero Social de San Javier, en el valle inferior del río Negro, permite a productores acceder a una faena segura que además brinde garantías al consumidor. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la presencia de larvas L1 de Trichinella spp. en porcinos domésticos procedentes de criaderos de pequeña y mediana escala. Se analizaron por el método de digestión artificial 10 gramos de diafragma de cada porcino doméstico, conformando pooles de hasta 10 animales. En total 942 porcinos domésticos resultaron negativos a la presencia de larvas L1 de Trichinella spp. No obstante debe tenerse presente que sistemas de producción con las características de los que provienen los animales analizados, estarían potencialmente expuestos a la retroalimentación de Trichinella spp. desde la fauna silvestre. En este marco, resulta necesario garantizar el control veterinario en la faena de porcinos y presas de caza y sostener acciones de vigilancia, actualización y promoción en relación a la prevención de la triquinelosis.
Abstract Currently the Trichinella genus consists of 10 species and 3 genotypes. Transmission occurs only through ingestion of infected muscle tissue. Between the potential hosts there is a domestic cycle and a wild cycle with possible constant feedback between both. Since 2017, the operation of the San Javier Social Slaughterhouse, in the lower valley of the Río Negro, allows producers to access a safe operation that also provides guarantees to the consumer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of L1 larvae larvae of Trichinella spp. in domestic pigs from small and medium-scale farms. 10 grams of diaphragm from each domestic pig were analyzed by the artificial digestion method, forming pools of up to 10 animals. In total 942 domestic pigs were negative for the presence of L1 larvae of Trichinella spp. However, it should be borne in mind that production systems with the characteristics from which the analyzed animals come, would potentially be exposed to the feedback of Trichinella spp. from wildlife. Then, it is necessary to guarantee veterinary control in the slaughter of pigs and game prey and to support surveillance, updating and promotion actions in relation to the prevention of trichinellosis.
ABSTRACT
Trypanosoma cruzi is the aetiological agent of Chagas disease, which affects approximately eight million people in the Americas. This parasite exhibits genetic variability, with at least six discrete typing units broadly distributed in the American continent. T. cruzi I (TcI) shows remarkable genetic diversity; a genotype linked to human infections and a domestic cycle of transmission have recently been identified, hence, this strain was named TcIDom. The aim of this work was to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of TcI subpopulations across humans, insect vectors and mammalian reservoirs in Colombia by means of molecular typing targeting the spliced leader intergenic region of mini-exon gene. We analysed 101 TcI isolates and observed a distribution of sylvatic TcI in 70% and TcIDom in 30%. In humans, the ratio was sylvatic TcI in 60% and TcIDom in 40%. In mammal reservoirs, the distribution corresponded to sylvatic TcI in 96% and TcIDom in 4%. Among insect vectors, sylvatic TcI was observed in 48% and TcIDom in 52%. In conclusion, the circulation of TcIDom is emerging in Colombia and this genotype is still adapting to the domestic cycle of transmission. The epidemiological and clinical implications of these findings are discussed herein.