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ABSTRACT The year 2016 marks the centenary of the birth of Francis Crick (1916–2004), who made outstanding contributions to genetics and neuroscience. In 1953, in a collaborative study, Francis Crick and James Watson discovered the DNA double helix, and in 1962 they and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Crick subsequently became very interested in neuroscience, particularly consciousness and its relationship to the claustrum, a small gray matter structure between the insula and putamen.
RESUMO O ano de 2016 é o centenário de nascimento de Francis Crick (1916–2004), físico, biólogo e neurocientista, cujas contribuições para a genética e a neurociência foram magníficas. Crick, em um estudo colaborativo com Watson, descobriu a estrutura molecular do DNA (dupla hélice) em 1953, e em 1962 ambos receberam o prêmio Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina, junto com Wilkins. Após Crick tornou-se muito interessado na área de neurociência, particularmente no estudo da consciência, e a sua relação com o claustrum, uma pequena estrutura de substância cinzenta localizada entre a ínsula e o putame.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Genetics/history , Neurosciences/history , Basal Ganglia/physiology , DNA , Nobel PrizeABSTRACT
ABSTRACT:Precision medicine is deliberate orchestrated by Obama’s advisers,and it is based on DNA and human genome project.Double helix structure discovery and the human genome project completed are the first and the second revolution of life science.DNA sequencing and genome technology which drive precision medicine have a far-reaching influence.
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OBJECTIVES: To present specific clinical interception procedures instituted to reduce malocclusionseverity on developmental stage. Anterior tooth cross-bite, involving one or two permanent teeth, is acommon form of malocclusion diagnosed in children about 6 years of age. RESULTS ANDDISCUSSION: Various devices can be suggested for single tooth cases, like removable cantilevereddouble-helix apparatus with digital springs, which is one of the most efficient to intercept malocclusion.In the other hand, fixed appliance does not depend on patients cooperation and have greater actionpower and liberates more continuous forces. CONCLUSION: Dental anterior cross-bite, involvingone tooth, can be corrected by means of the multi-loop arch wire with a double-helix, even in caseswhere adequate space for alignment is lacking.
OBJETIVOS: Apresentar procedimento de interceptação clínica específica para reduzir aseveridade da má oclusão no estágio de desenvolvimento. O cruzamento anterior, comprometendoum ou dois dentes permanentes, é forma comum de má-oclusão, diagnosticada em crianças emtorno de seis anos de idade. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Vários dispositivos podem ser utilizados para casos de cruzamento de um dente apenas, como os aparelhos de duplo hélice emextremo livre, com molas digitais, um dos mais eficientes para interceptar más-oclusões. Poroutro lado, os aparelhos fixos não dependem da colaboração do paciente, tendo maior poder deação e de liberação de forças contínuas. CONCLUSÃO: Os cruzamentos anteriorescomprometendo um dente podem ser corrigidos por meio de arco com dobras múltiplas, comhélice dupla, mesmo em casos onde há deficiência de espaço para o alinhamento.
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Humans , Malocclusion/therapy , Orthodontic Appliances , Orthodontics, Corrective/instrumentation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the tensile properties of double helical twisting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 21G and 18G stainless steel wires were used. Monostrand, untwisted double strand and manually twisted double helix wires were tested under gradually increasing tension force until the wires break. Data were analyzed by using a computer system to get force-strain curves. RESULTS: Forces at the break point showed no significant differences between untwisted double strand wires and helically twisted double strand wires. Forces at the yield point deformation were proportionally increased to the degree of helical twisting until the wires were twisted 20 times (piptch number: 24/10 cm) with no more increase after then. Final strain at break point decreased by helical twisting, which means the range of plastic deformation decreased. CONCLUSION: By helical twisting, the wires increase in elastic range and decrease in plastic deformation. Therefore, double helix wiring seemed to be a more effective method of fixation compared to the untwisted double strand wires.
Subject(s)
Computer Systems , Plastics , Stainless Steel , Tensile StrengthABSTRACT
A reassessment is made of some results for linear and circular DNA. The alternative side-by-side configuration is used in an analysis of situations where some doubt about current double helix based interpretations may exist. The following specific areas are considered: (i) certain linear DNA examples involving duplex interactions, (ii) nucleosome sequence data and (iii) the banding effect observed in gel electrophoresis studies of in vitro circular DNA.