Selectivity of a fishing gear used in the catch of Anomalocardia flexuosa in the Northeast of Brazil / Seletividade de um petrecho de pesca utilizado na captura da Anomalocardia flexuosa no Nordeste do Brasil

ABSTRACT: A type of dredge was introduced as fishing gear along the extractive bank of Mangue Seco - PE from which the largest annual catch of Anomalocardia flexuosa in the world is extracted. This study was carried out with the objective of estimating the selectivity of the new fishing gear and quantitatively evaluating the length classes most compromised by the catches, especially considering 20 mm as the reference value. Specimens larger than this size are most likely to be mature. For the selectivity estimation, the methodology using codends (16 or 20 mm) and small meshed cover (2 mm) was used. To estimate the selectivity parameters, a logistic regression and the Bayesian approach were used. The transition between the state in which the specimen is invulnerable to the fishing gear and vulnerable occurs between 10 and 18 mm, using a 16 mm mesh, and using a 20 mm mesh, this transition is between 14 and 20 mm. Dredgers with 16 mm and 20 mm mesh compromise a large proportion of specimens smaller than 20 mm. If the intention is to protect this part of the population, measures such as total restriction of the 16 mm mesh and use of the 20 mm mesh should be necessary only in the months of less catching incidences, or increasing the mesh to 25 mm.

RESUMO: Um tipo de draga foi introduzido como arte de pesca no banco extrativista de Mangue Seco - PE de onde se extrai a maior captura anual de Anomalocardia flexuosa do mundo. Este trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de estimar a seletividade do novo petrecho de pesca e avaliar quantitativamente quais são as classes de comprimento mais penalizadas nas capturas, tendo especialmente como referencial o valor de 20 mm. Exemplares maiores que esse tamanho tem elevada probabilidade de estarem maturos. Para estimativa da seletividade foi utilizado o método com uso de saco (16 ou 20 mm) e sobresaco (2 mm). Para estimativa dos parâmetros de seletividade foi utilizada regressão logística e abordagem bayesiana. A transição entre o estado em que o exemplar é invulnerável à arte de pesca e em que o mesmo seria quase com certeza capturado ocorre para malha de 16 mm entre 10 e 18 mm, enquanto para malha de 20 mm essa transição se dá entre 14 e 20 mm. As dragas com malha de 16 e 20 mm penalizam uma proporção grande de exemplares menores que 20 mm. Se a intenção é proteger essa parcela da população, seriam necessárias medidas como a restrição total da malha de 16 mm e uso da malha de 20 mm somente nos meses de menor incidência de recrutamento, ou o aumento da malha para 25 mm.

Influence of Adjust Zang Dredge Meridian electroacupuncture in expression of GRP78 in sciatic nerve cells of rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its neuroprotective effect / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Oective: To investigate the expression of glucose regulating protein 78 (GRP78) in the sciatic nerve cells of the rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and to elucidate the clinical significance and mechanism of Adjust Zang Dredge Meridian electroacupuncture in the treatment of DPN. Methods: A total of 86 adult male SD rats were divided into normal control group (n=5) and model group (n=81). The diabetic rat models were built through one-time injection of streptozocin (STZ), and then the diabetic rats were randomly divided into model control group (n=27), medicine intervention group (n=26), and electroacupuncture intervention group (n= 26). The rats in normal control group and model control group were fed with the maintenance feed. During the course of experiment, no special treatment was done for the rats in normal control group and model control group. The rats in drug intervention group were treated with intragastric administration of mecobalamin, 20 mg · kg-1 · d-1, once per day. The rats in electroacupuncture intervention group were treated with Adjust Zang Dredge Meridian electroacupuncture in the bilateral Feishu, Pishu, Shenshu, Hegu, Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Taichong, once per day, 30 min per time. The thermal sensitivity value, motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) of the tibial nerve of the rats in various groups were measured, the ultrastructures of sciatic nerve of the rats in various groups were observed under transmission electron microscope, the apoptotic rates of sciatic nerve cells of the rats in various groups were detected by TUNEL method, the expressions of GRP78 in sciatic nerve cells of the rats in various groups were detected by immumofluorescence, and the expression levels of GRP78 in sciatic nerve of the rats in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. Results: Compared with medicine intervention group, the thermal sensitivity value of the rats in electroacupuncture intervention group was significantly decresed (P<0. 01). Compared with model control group, the MCV and SCV of tibial nerve of the rats in medicine intervention group and electroacupuncture intervention group were increased after 12-week-intervention (P<0. 01); compared with before intervention, the MCV and SCV of tibial nerve of the rats in various groups were decreased after 12-week-intervention (P<0. 01). Under transmission electron microscope, some of the myelin sheath lamellae of sciatic nerve of the rats in model control group showed irregular membrane-like mass, and most of the thicker myelinated nerve fibers were seriously involved; the above changes were alleviated in medicine intervention group and electroacupuncture intervention group. The TUNEL assay results showed that compared with model control group, the apoptotic rates of sciatic nerve cells of the rats in medicine intervention group and electroacupuncture intervention group were significantly decreased (P < 0. 01). The Western blotting results showed that compared with model control group, the expression levels of GRP78 in sciatic nerve cells of the rats in medicine intervention group and electroacupuncture intervention group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Adjust Zang Dredge Meridian electroacupuncture can reduce the expression level of GRP78 in sciatic nerve cells of the DPN rats, inhibit the occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), decrease the apoptotic rate of cells, and protect the nerves.

Efficacy of meibomian gland compression and meibomian gland dredge treatment with dry eye young patients of meibomian gland dysfunction / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To understand the efficacy of meibomian gland compression by themselves and outpatient meibomian gland dredge treatment with dry eye young patients of meibomian gland dysfunction.Methods Selected 48 young patients with dry eye of meibomian gland dysfunction,patients were divided into two groups according to the wishes,28 patients were given method guidance of meibomian gland compression by themselves (compression group),every 10 minutes,three times a day,4 weeks after the referral.Other 20 cases meibomian gland dredge by a doctor at the eye clinic performed under anesthesia (dredge group),2 weeks,4 weeks after the referral and then dredge,3 times.All patients were given to health education,all patients before treatment and after treatment for 4 weeks underwent Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t),tear film breakup time (BUT),corneal fluorescein staining (CFL) examination and compared.Results The level of BUT,S Ⅰ t,CFL before treatment in two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment for 4 weeks,eye symptom had improved in two groups.The level of BUT,CFL before and after treatment for 4 weeks in two groups had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).But the level of S Ⅰ t,BUT,CFL after treatment for 4 weeks between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Dry eye young patients of meibomian gland dysfunction if they can correctly perform meibomian gland compression by themselves can also be reached effectively alleviate dry eye and ocular discomfort symptom improvement purposes.

Three Kinds of Meanings and Theoretical Support of Liver Governs Smoothing and Dispersing Qi / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective]This paper is for the theoretical formation of clear livering factors development process . [Method]Adopt the method of literature investigation, explore the meaning of liver governing smoothing and dispersing Qi. [Result]It has three meanings: Like smooth doesn't like depression;dredge(The ascending and descending of Qi);spread. The support theory behind it is:Five elements theory;The movement theory of Qi;Zhu Zhenheng ’ s theory of“Liver Governs Smoothing and Dispersing”. Relationships between three meanings and support theory is:With five elements theory explaining the function of the liver governing smoothing and dispersing Qi ,it eventual y uses the movement theory of Qi; With Zhu Zhenheng ’s theory of“Liver Governs Smoothing and Dispersing”, explain the function of the liver governing smoothing and dispersing Qi is different from the the movement theory of Qi. [Conclusion]Liver governing smoothing and dispersing Qi is a new theory of reconstruction by modern scientific theories and methods.

Changes of HO/CO system in arterial tissues of rats with stagnacy of collateral-Qi in deficiency condition and treatment with Renshen, Shuangshen, and Tongxinluo / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the vascular protective mechanism of different levels of herbs through detecting activity of HO-1/CO system in arterial tissues of rats with stagnancy of collateral-Qi in deficiency condition. Methods: Healthy male Wistar rats of cleanness level were randomly divided into control group, stagnancy of collateral-Qi in a deficiency condition group (SCQDC group), Renshen group, Shuangshen group, and Tongxinluo group. The ultrastructure of endothelium cells in the artery was observed. RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical approaches were used to detect JNK, c-Jun mRNA and albumen expression in the arterial tissues. Meanwhile, the content of CO in the arterial tissue was also detected. Results: In SCQDC group, the counts of pinocytotic cells and microvili on the free surface of vascular endothelial cells were significantly decreased; most crests of mitochondria fused with membrane, some even disappeared; serious degranulation was observed in the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Immunohistochemistry showed that the HO-1 positive signals in the arterial histiocyte weakened significantly compared with the control group. The HO-1 expression was increased in the 3 treatment groups. Compared with control group, SCQDC group had decreased HO-1 mRNA and albumen expression(P<0.01,P<0.001). The 3 different kinds of Herbs to dredge collaterals increased the HO-1 mRNA and albumen expression to different degrees (P<0.001). The increase of albumen in the Tongxinluo group was more than those in the Shuangshen group and the Renshen group(P<0.001). Tongxinluo also significantly increased the CO content. Conclusion: Herbs to dredge collaterals can induce CO production by ameliorating or recovering the HO System, which may be one of the mechanisms for protecting the vascular tissues.

Effects of dredged sediment disposal on the coastal marine macrobenthic assemblage in Southern Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the deposition impact of dredged material from Patos lagoon estuary on a benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage structure in an adjacent coastal marine area. Nine sampling stations were chosen at random in the disposal area, and nine others in the same way in an adjacent control area. Samples were collected at a 19 m depth before sediment disposal (11 July 2000), during dredging and disposal operations (25 Oct. 2000), and three months thereafter (24 Aug. 2001). Statistical analysis indicated that sampling periods presented similar characteristics in both the control and disposal sites. Disposal of dredged sediment from Patos lagoon had no detectable detrimental effects upon macrobenthic faunal assemblage at the dumping site. This result is attributed both to adaptation of resident biota to dynamic sedimentary conditions and to the fine estuarine sediment dredged, the dispersion of which in the water column might have minimized sediment deposition and consequent damage to the benthic fauna.

Objetivou-se avaliar o impacto da deposição de material dragado proveniente da região estuarina da lagoa dos Patos sobre a estrutura da associação macrobentônica no sítio de deposição, situado no ambiente marinho costeiro adjacente à desembocadura da laguna. Nove estações de coleta foram sorteadas, tanto no sítio de deposição quanto na área controle adjacente. As amostras, a 19 m de profundidade, foram coletadas antes do início de deposição do sedimento (11/07/2000), durante as operações de dragagem e deposição (25/10/2000) e três meses após o encerramento das atividades de deposição do material dragado (24/08/2001). Análises estatísticas indicaram que áreas controle e sítio de deposição apresentaram características faunísticas similares dentro dos períodos amostrais. Não foram detectados efeitos prejudiciais da deposição do sedimento sobre a associação de macroinvertebrados bentônicos na área de depósito. Este resultado pode ser atribuído às características da biota residente que está, provavelmente, adaptada às condições da dinâmica sedimentar do local e também às características predominantemente finas do sedimento dragado que, ao dispersar-se na coluna d'água, minimizaram a deposição das frações mais finas e um eventual dano ao macrozoobentos.

Changes of HO/CO system in arterial tissues of rats with stagnancy of collateral-Qi in deficiency condition and treatment with Renshen,Shuangshen,and Tongxinluo / 第二军医大学学报

Objective:To investigate the vascular protective mechanism of different levels of herbs through detecting activity of HO-1/CO system in arterial tissues of rats with stagnancy of collateral-Qi in deficiency condition.Methods:Healthy male Wistar rats of cleanness level were randomly divided into control group,stagnancy of collateral-Qi in a deficiency condition group(SCQDC group),Renshen group,Shuangshen group,and Tongxinluo group.The ultrastructure of endothelium cells in the artery was observed.RT-PCR,Western blot,and immunohistochemical approaches were used to detect JNK,c-Jun mRNA and albumen expression in the arterial tissues.Meanwhile,the content of CO in the arterial tissue was also detected.Results:In SCQDC group,the counts of pinocytotic cells and microvili on the free surface of vascular endothelial cells were significantly decreased;most crests of mitochondria fused with membrane,some even disappeared;serious degranulation was observed in the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum.Immunohistochemistry showed that the HO-1 positive signals in the arterial histiocyte weakened significantly compared with the control group.The HO-1 expression was increased in the 3 treatment groups.Compared with control group,SCQDC group had decreased HO-1 mRNA and albumen expression(P