ABSTRACT
A method for simultaneous detection of multi-mycotoxins in ten kinds of common dried fruits was been exploited by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The edible part of dried fruits was ground up with certain quantity of water. The mash was extracted by 10 mmol/L citric acid-acetonitrile, purified by C18 column, and filtered using 0. 22-μm organic filtration. All the sixteen mycotoxins were well separated in 8 min on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column with acetonitrile as phase A and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution containing 0. 1% formic acid as mobile phase B. Result showed that the limits of detection ( LODs) for the sixteen mycotoxins were 0. 01-1. 00 μg/L, with linearity range of 1-200 μg/L and correlation coefficients above 0 . 9981 . The average recoveries of the sixteen mycotoxins in ten matrices were 70. 48% -118. 85%, and the relative standard deviation ( RSD, n=6 ) was 0. 3% -11. 9%. This economical, fast, simple and efficient method could be used for simultaneous detection of multi-mycotoxins in different dried fruits matrixes.
ABSTRACT
A method for simultaneous detection of multi-mycotoxins in ten kinds of common dried fruits was been exploited by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The edible part of dried fruits was ground up with certain quantity of water. The mash was extracted by 10 mmol/L citric acid-acetonitrile, purified by C18 column, and filtered using 0. 22-μm organic filtration. All the sixteen mycotoxins were well separated in 8 min on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column with acetonitrile as phase A and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution containing 0. 1% formic acid as mobile phase B. Result showed that the limits of detection ( LODs) for the sixteen mycotoxins were 0. 01-1. 00 μg/L, with linearity range of 1-200 μg/L and correlation coefficients above 0 . 9981 . The average recoveries of the sixteen mycotoxins in ten matrices were 70. 48% -118. 85%, and the relative standard deviation ( RSD, n=6 ) was 0. 3% -11. 9%. This economical, fast, simple and efficient method could be used for simultaneous detection of multi-mycotoxins in different dried fruits matrixes.
ABSTRACT
Aims: Dried fruits may harbour a variety of fungi especially those that can grow in low water activity conditions. Knowledge on the occurrence of fungi on dried fruits is an important step to predict the possibility of mycotoxin contamination, thus the present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of fungi on dates, figs, kiwi and raisins. Methodology and results: Based on morphological characteristics, six genera of fungi comprising eight species, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium corylophilum, P. glabrum, Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium sacchari, Acremonium strictum and Mycelia sterilia were identified. Three most commonly species isolated were A. niger (19 isolates), P. corylophilum (seven isolates) and A. flavus (five isolates). The less common species were C. globosum (three isolates), Mycelia sterilia (three isolates), A. strictum (one isolate) and P. glabrum (one isolate). Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Common mycotoxin producer are the fungi from the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The occurrence of toxigenic fungi on dates, figs, kiwi and raisins suggested that some of these fungi may be an important source of mycotoxin contamination.
Subject(s)
FungiABSTRACT
We analyzed the genetic relationships between 51 fungal isolates previously identified as A. niger aggregate, obtained from dried fruit samples from worldwide origin and 7 A. tubingensis obtained from Brazilian coffee beans samples. Greater fungal diversity was found in black sultanas. Aspergillus niger sensu stricto was the most prevalent species. It was found in all fruit substrates of all geographical origins. Based on Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and β-tubulin sequences data two groups of A. niger were found. In spite of the small number of isolates from Group IV an association between extrolite patterns and molecular clustering is speculated. A. tubingensis were the second most frequent species and this species were clearly subdivided into two groups. The finding of two groups for A. tubingensis strains could not yet explain the contradictions found in the literature about the capability this species for ochratoxin production, because both of them were formed by only non-ochratoxin-producing strains.
Neste trabalho foi analisada a relação genética entre 51 isolados obtidos de amostras de frutas secas provenientes de diferentes regiões do previamente identificados como pertencentes ao agregado A. niger e 7 isolados de Aspergillus tubingensis obtidos de amostras de café do Brasil. Maior diversidade fúngica foi encontrada em uvas passas escuras. Aspergillus niger sensu stricto foi a espécie mais frequente. Esta espécie foi encontrada em todos os substratos e origens geográficas analisadas. Baseando-se nos dados de Polimorfismo de DNA Amplificado ao Acaso (RAPD) e sequências de nucleotídeos do gene da β-tubulina, dois grupos de A. niger foram observados. Apesar do pequeno número de isolados do grupo IV uma associação entre padrão de extrólitos e agrupamento molecular foi encontrada. A. tubingensis foi a segunda espécie mais frequente e foi claramente subdivida em dois grupos. Como os grupos de A. tubingensis são formados somente por linhagens não produtoras de ocratoxina A, a identificação destes grupos não explica a controvérsia encontrada na literatura sobre a capacidade desta espécie em produzir a referida toxina.