Study of tooth drifts after orthodontic extractions in cases of interruption / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To compare the tooth drift differences between different types of patients after orthodontic extraction for 1.5 months (45 days) without return to the clinic on time for some reasons.@*Methods@#This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. A total of 84 patients had bilateral premolars extracted but were not bonded the bracket for some reasons. The upper and lower jaw dental models were cast, scanned, and reconstructed in 3D. Patients were divided into 12 groups based on extraction positions (first premolar or second premolar), jaw types (maxilla or mandible) and vertical facial types (average angle, high angle, or low angle). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the changes in the following five indicators in different types of patients who were interrupted for 1.5 months after extraction: anterior tooth crowding, width between canines, width between first molars, tooth extraction space, and overbite of anterior teeth. @*Results @#The tooth extraction position, jaw type and vertical facial type had an effect on the reduction in tooth extraction space and anterior tooth crowding before and after the sudden emergent state (1.5 months after tooth extraction) (P<0.001), and the tooth extraction position and vertical facial type had an effect on the increase in anterior tooth overbite (P<0.001). The drift of bilateral adjacent teeth was greater in patients with first premolars extracted than in those with second premolars extracted (P<0.001), and the drift of bilateral adjacent teeth in the maxilla was larger than that of the mandible (P<0.001). The drift of bilateral adjacent teeth in patients with high angles was more obvious than that of patients with average angles and low angles (P<0.001). @* Conclusion@# For orthodontic patients who have maxillary tooth extraction, first premolar extraction, and even high angles in the vertical facial type, the bilateral adjacent teeth are easier to drift, orthodontic treatment should be carried out soon after extraction, and attention should be given to anchorage control.

Clínicas de território: Uma proposta metodológica de pesquisa e de práticas coletivas / Territory clinics: A methodological proposal for research and collective practices / Clínicas de territorio: Una propuesta metodológica de investigación y prácticas colectivas

O sofrimento individual e o mal-estar coletivo têm a estrutura de uma narrativa. O rápido processo de urbanização no Brasil resultou na piora das condições de vida, das relações sociais e da expectativa de acesso a comodidades que o território urbano prenunciava. Tal é o cenário problemático que mobilizou a estruturação de bases éticas e epistemológicas e de princípios práticos para uma nova proposta de clínica. Derivar, escutar e escrever, com intuito de mapear, constituem os alicerces de uma estrutura metodológica e práticas coletivas chamadas conceitualmente de clínicaS de Território. Este artigo apresenta a experiência baseada em projetos acadêmicos de extensão e pesquisa universitárias que construíram, ao longo de cinco anos, os fundamentos de uma clínica que parte do conceito de território como relação e produção, sustenta-se na escuta de narrativas e opera estruturalmente a partir dos três elementos mencionados anteriormente. Ao final, investiga a epistemologia da proposta clínica e situa a pluralidade de práticas e campos onde pode operar, além da condição ética de estar consciente da heterogeneidade que se verifica no encontro dos saberes técnico-científicos com as narrativas de espaços, indivíduos e coletivos.

Individual suffering and collective discomfort have the structure of a narrative. The rapid process of urbanization in Brazil resulted in the deterioration of living conditions, social relations and the expectation of access to amenities that cities predicted. Such is the problematic scenario that mobilized the structuring of the ethical and epistemological bases, and of practical principles for a new clinic. Drifting, listening and writing, with the intent of mapping, constitute the foundations of a research procedure and collective practices conceptually called territory clinics. This article presents the result of the experience of university research and extension projects that have built, over five years, the foundations of a clinic that starts from the concept of territory as relation and production, is based on listening to narratives, and operates structurally from the three aforementioned elements. In the end, it questions the epistemology of the clinical proposal and locates the plurality of practices and fields in which it can operate, in addition to the ethical provision of being aware of the heterogeneity that lies in the junction of technical-scientific knowledge with the narratives of spaces, individuals and groups.

El sufrimiento individual y el malestar colectivo tienen la estructura de una narrativa. El rápido proceso de urbanización en Brasil resultó en el empeoramiento de las condiciones de vida, las relaciones sociales y la expectativa de acceso a las comodidades que las ciudades predijeron. Tal es el escenario problemático que movilizó la estructuración de las bases éticas y epistemológicas y de los principios prácticos para una nueva clínica. Derivar, escuchar y escribir, con el intento de mapear, constituyen los fundamentos de un procedimiento de investigación y prácticas colectivas denominadas conceptualmente como clínicas de territorio. Este artículo presenta el resultado de la experiencia de proyectos de investigación y extensión universitarios que han construido, a lo largo de cinco años, las bases de una clínica que parte del concepto de territorio como relación y producción, sostenida en la escucha de narrativas y operante a partir de los tres elementos mencionados anteriormente. Al final, investiga la epistemología de la propuesta clínica y sitúa la pluralidad de prácticas y campos en los que puede operar, además de la condición ética de estar consciente de la heterogeneidad que se da en el encuentro de los conocimientos técnico-científicos con las narrativas de espacios, individuos y colectivos.

Controle externo e drift institucional na Primeira República / Control externo y drift institucional en la Primera República brasileña / External control and institutional drift in the First Brazilian Republic

Resumo Esta pesquisa trata do desenvolvimento das instituições federais de controle externo durante a Primeira República brasileira. É um tema pouco visitado pela bibliografia, em geral abordado em retrospectivas que compõem estudos cujos focos estão na história recente do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), marcada pelo advento da Nova República (1985-). Tais estudos sugerem um padrão histórico no desenvolvimento das instituições federais de controle externo, caracterizado pela alternância entre períodos de expansão e de retração de suas atribuições. O conhecimento acerca desse padrão histórico de desenvolvimento institucional, para avançar, carece do aprofundamento das pesquisas sobre o período no qual se estabeleceram as bases de sua construção: a Primeira República. Este estudo pretende ser uma contribuição à superação dessa lacuna. Ele sustenta que o desenvolvimento das instituições federais de controle externo no período em questão foi caracterizado pela expansão legal de atribuições, de 1890 a 1892, seguida pela abdicação prática dali até 1930, por drift institucional, da responsabilidade de julgar as contas anuais de governo. O estudo é institucionalista histórico e foi construído com base na análise de fontes primárias.

Resumen Esta investigación aborda el desarrollo de las instituciones federales de control externo durante la Primera República brasileña. Es un tema es poco visitado por la bibliografía, que, en general, lo aborda en retrospectivas presentes en estudios centrados en la historia reciente del Tribunal de Cuentas de la Unión, a menudo demarcada por el advenimiento de la Nueva República (1985-actualidad). Los estudios sugieren la existencia de un patrón histórico de desarrollo de las instituciones federales de control externo, caracterizado por la alternancia entre períodos de expansión y de retracción de sus atribuciones. Para avanzar en el conocimiento acerca de este patrón histórico es necesario profundizar las investigaciones sobre el momento en el cual se establecieron las bases de su construcción, la Primera República. Este estudio pretende ser una contribución a la superación de esa laguna. Sostiene que el desarrollo de las instituciones federales de control externo en el período en cuestión se caracterizó por la expansión legal de atribuciones de 1890 a 1892, seguida de la abdicación práctica desde entonces hasta 1930, por drift institucional, de la responsabilidad de juzgar las cuentas anuales del gobierno. El estudio es institucionalista histórico y se compuso a partir del análisis de fuentes primarias.

Abstract This research deals with the development of the federal institutions of external control during the First Brazilian Republic. This subject is scarcely explored in the literature. In general, it is addressed as a background in studies focusing on the recent history of the Federal Court of Accounts, characterized by the emergence of the New Republic (started in 1985). Such studies suggest a historical pattern in the development of federal institutions of external control, characterized by the alternation between periods of expansion and retraction of their attributions. To advance the knowledge of this historical pattern and contribute to expanding the literature on these institutions, we need a more in-depth look at the period of they were established, i.e., the First Brazilian Republic. This study suggests that the development of federal external control institutions in the First Brazilian Republic was characterized by the legal expansion of attributions from 1890 to 1892, followed by the practical abdication until 1930 by the institutional drift of the responsibility of judging the annual accounts of the government. This is a historical institutionalist study based on the analysis of primary sources.

Clinical evaluation of vision therapy system 4 combined with traditional comprehensive training for ametropic amblyopia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of Vision Therapy System 4 (VTS4) combined with traditional comprehensive training for ametropic amblyopia.Methods:A non-randomized controlled clinical study was performed.A total of 168 children aged 4-10 years with ametropic amblyopia were enrolled in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to March 2021.The children were assigned to conventional comprehensive training combined with Vision Therapy System 4 group (conventional+ VTS4 group) and conventional group according to the preference of their guardian.Patients in conventional+ VTS4 group (84 children) received conventional comprehensive training combined VTS4 and patients in conventional group (84 children) were treated with conventional comprehensive training only, and the intervention was continuously used for over a year.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the patients converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) units was examined by international standard visual acuity chart before and after therapy.Spherical equivalent of the patients was detected by optometry under cycloplegic conditions and skiascopy.Binocular and fusion vision was examined with a synoptiscope.The stereopsis was evaluated using Titmus Stereogram.The ocular axial length (AL) and mean keratometry (Km) were measured with the IOLMaster 500.The basic cure rate, BCVA, reconstruction rate of stereopsis, △SE, △AL and △Km following training were compared to evaluate the effectiveness and myopic shift between two groups.The patients in conventional+ VTS4 group were divided into 4-5 years old group and 6-10 years old group, with 42 cases in each group, and the basic cure rate, BCVA, reconstruction rate of stereopsis were compared to evaluate the therapeutic effect between the two groups.The basic cure was defined as acuity improved to ≥0.9, with reduced myopic diopter and stable therapy outcome over 6 months.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2021-KY-0891-002). Written informed consent was obtained from guardians prior to any medical examination.Results:The basic cure rate of conventional+ VTS4 group was 58.33%(49/84), which was significantly higher than 40.48%(34/84) of conventional group ( χ2=5.358, P=0.021). The BCVA in the conventional+ VTS4 group was better than that in conventional group, showing a statistically significant difference ( Z=-2.537, P=0.011). The recovery rates of binocular vision, fusion vision and stereo vision were 87.93%(51/58), 78.33%(47/60) and 70.77%(46/65) in conventional+ VTS4 group, which were higher than 65.57%(40/61), 57.81%(37/64) and 52.86%(37/70) in conventional group, respectively, with significant differences between them ( χ2=8.259, 5.968, 4.566; all at P<0.05). No significant difference was found in △SE, △AL, and △Km between conventional group and conventional+ VTS4 group (all at P>0.05). The basic cure rate was 69.05%(29/42) in the children aged 4-5 years group, which was higher than 47.62%(20/42) in 6-10 years group, respectively, showing a significant difference ( χ2=3.967, P=0.046). Both BCVA and the stereo vision recovery rate in the 4-5 years old group were better than those in the 6-10 years old group ( Z=-2.046, P=0.041; χ2=4.624, P=0.032). Conclusions:A combination therapy of VTS4 and conventional comprehensive training can improve the visual acuity and reconstruct the fusion and stereopsis of children with ametropic amblyopia, without causing additional myopic drift.

Evaluation of the Romosinuano cattle population structure in Mexico using pedigree analysis / Evaluación de la estructura poblacional de bovinos Romosinuano en México mediante el análisis de pedigrí / Avaliação da estrutura populacional de bovinos Romosinuano no México usando análise de pedigree

Abstract Background: Romosinuano cattle breed in Mexico has endured isolation and it is necessary to characterize it in order to facilitate sustainable genetic management. Objective: To assess the evolution of the structure and genetic diversity of the Romosinuano breed in Mexico, through pedigree analysis. Methods: Pedigree data was obtained from Asociación Mexicana de Criadores de Ganado Romosinuano y Lechero Tropical (AMCROLET). The ENDOG program (4.8 version) was used to analyze two datasets, one that includes upgrading from F1 animals (UP) and the other with only straight-bred cattle (SP). For both datasets, three reference populations were defined: 1998-2003 (RP1), 2004-2009 (RP2), and 2010-2017 (RP3). The pedigree included 3,432 animals in UP and 1,518 in SP. Demographic parameters were: Generation interval (GI), equivalent number of generations (EG), pedigree completeness index (PCI), and gene flow among herds. Genetic parameters were: Inbreeding (F) and average relatedness (AR) coefficients, effective population size (Nec), effective number of founders and ancestors, and number of founder genome equivalents. Results: The GI varied from 6.10 to 6.54 for UP, and from 6.47 to 7.16 yr for SP. The EG of the UP and SP improved >63% from RP1 to RP3. The PCI increased over time. No nucleus or isolated herds were found. For RP3, F and AR reached 2.08 and 5.12% in the UP, and 2.55 and 5.94% in the SP. For RP3, Nec was 57 in the UP and 45 in the SP. Genetic diversity losses were attributed mainly (>66%) to genetic drift, except for RP3 in the SP (44%). Conclusions: A reduction of the genetic diversity has been occurring after the Romosinuano breed association was established in Mexico, and this is mainly due to random loss of genes.

Resumen Antecedentes: La raza bovina Romosinuano ha estado prácticamente aislada en México y requiere ser caracterizada para un manejo genético sostenible. Objetivo: Evaluar la evolución de la estructura y diversidad genética de la raza Romosinuano en México, mediante el análisis del pedigrí. Métodos: Los datos genealógicos provinieron de la Asociación Mexicana de Criadores de Ganado Romosinuano y Lechero Tropical (AMCROLET). Los análisis se realizaron con el programa ENDOG (versión 4.8) para dos bases de datos, una que incluyó animales en cruzamiento absorbente (UP) a partir de F1 y la otra con sólo animales puros (SP). Para ambas bases de datos se definieron tres poblaciones de referencia: 1998-2003 (RP1), 2004- 2009 (RP2), y 2010-2017 (RP3). El pedigrí incluyó 3.432 animales en la UP y 1.518 en la SP. Los parámetros demográficos fueron: intervalo generacional (GI), número de generaciones equivalentes (EG), índice de completitud del pedigrí (PCI), y flujo de genes entre hatos. Los parámetros genéticos fueron: coeficientes de consanguinidad (F) y de relación genética aditiva (AR), tamaño efectivo de la población (Nec), número efectivo de fundadores y ancestros, y número equivalente de genomas fundadores. Resultados: El GI varió de 6,10 a 6,54 para la UP, y de 6,47 a 7,16 años para la SP. El EG de la UP y la SP mejoró >63%, de RP1 a RP3. El PCI aumentó a través de los años, pero más para la SP que para la UP. No se encontraron hatos núcleo o aislados. Para RP3, F y AR alcanzaron 2,08 y 5,12% en la UP, y 2,55 y 5,94% en la SP. Para RP3, Nec fue 57 en la UP y 45 en la SP. Más de 66% de las pérdidas en diversidad genética se debieron a deriva genética, excepto para RP3 en la UP (44%). Conclusiones: una reducción de la diversidad genética ha estado ocurriendo después de que se formó la asociación de criadores de ganado Romosinuano en México, y es debida principalmente a pérdidas aleatorias de genes.

Resumo Antecedentes: A raça bovina Romosinuano tem estado praticamente isolada no México e precisa ser caracterizada para um manejo genético sustentável. Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução da estrutura e diversidade genética da raça Romosinuano no México, através da análise de pedigree. Métodos: Os dados genealógicos vieram da Asociación Mexicana de Criadores de Ganado Romosinuano y Lechero Tropical (AMCROLET). As análises foram feitas com o programa ENDOG (versão 4.8) para duas bases de dados, uma que incluiu animais em cruzamento absorvente (UP) a partir da F1 e a outra base de dados somente com animais puros (SP). Para ambas bases de dados foram definidas três populações de referência: 1998-2003 (RP1), 2004-2009 (RP2) e 2010-2017 (RP3). O pedigree incluiu 3.432 animais na UP e 1.518 na SP. Os parâmetros demográficos foram: intervalo entre gerações (GI), número de gerações equivalentes (EG), índice de completude do pedigree (PCI), e fluxo de genes entre rebanhos. Os parâmetros genéticos foram: coeficiente de consanguinidade (F) e da relação genética aditiva (AR), tamanho efetivo da população (Nec), número efetivo de fundadores e ancestrais, e número equivalente de genomas fundadores. Resultados: O GI variou de 6,10 a 6,54 para a UP, e de 6,47 a 7,16 anos para a SP. EG da UP e a SP melhorou >63%, de RP1 a RP3. O PCI aumentou ao longo dos anos, mas mais para a SP do que para o UP. Não se encontraram rebanhos núcleo ou isolados. Para RP3, F e AR alcançaram 2,08 e 5,12% na UP, e 2,55 e 5,94% na SP. Para RP3, Nec foi 57 na UP e 45 na SP. Mais de 66% das perdas em diversidade genética foram ocasionadas pela deriva genética, exceto para RP3 no UP (44%). Conclusões: Depois que a associação da raça Romosinuano foi estabelecida no México, tem ocorrido uma redução da diversidade genética, principalmente devido a perdas aleatórias de genes.

Four-dimensional space events of fracture healing / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Fracture fixation and surgical procedures have a very important impact on the final outcome of fracture healing, but the adverse outcome of fracture healing is the result of the combined action of surgical procedures and a series of four-dimensional space events. OBJECTIVE: To explore the four-dimensional space events in fracture healing. METHODS: China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Medline were retrieved, with the key words of “fracture healing, femoral fracture, stress shielding, fracture and blood flow” in Chinese and English. Retrieval of relatively macroscopic factual descriptions corresponds to the four-dimensional space events of fracture healing process, including logically supported and refuted evidence. Combined with literature review, the main four-dimensional space events after fracture fixation were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main four-dimensional space events after fracture fixation include blood flow tides, mechanical and biological impulses, grinding disc effect of small gap in hard tissue, stress shielding effect and four-dimensional space drift effect of internal fixation material. Fractures and surgical trauma are accompanied by months of super-compensatory blood flow tides, so there is no ischemia in the macro-level after fracture surgery, but the grinding disc effect will occur in the small gap of hard tissue under unstable condition, resulting in contusion injury and micro-ischemia in the fracture gap. Stress shielding effect caused by too strong fixation is an important reason for refracture after internal fixation removal and bone atrophy and thinning after internal fixation. The small axial drift of plate fixation screw may have important theoretical significance. It has “intelligent” axial dynamic effect, which can make the stress shared by plate gradually decrease with the healing of fracture. Discussing the four-dimensional space events of fracture healing will provide basic logic for the regulation of fracture healing and distraction osteogenesis.

Preliminary study on the diffusion dynamics characteristics of Biomphalaria straminea in Southern China / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To study the dynamic diffusion characteristics of Biomphalaria straminea in Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou of Southern China. Methods B. straminea was monitored at 25 investigation points along 10 river channels in Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou by salvaging method. The diffusion characteristics of snails along with water in the Guihua New Village section of the Guanlan River and the Dawei Village section of the Longgang River were analyzed by GPS location drift test. In addition, the influence of flooding on the diffusion of B. straminea in the Kuichong River both before and after Typhoon "Shanzhu" was analyzed by monitoring the hydrology and distribution of snails. Results In March and October from 2016 to 2018, a total of 1 176 kg of floating objects were salvaged in rivers in Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou. Scattered B. straminea were found on water hyacinths. Drift test of floats with GPS showed that the average drift speed of GPS floating objects was close to the river surface velocity. Affected by river current and wind direction, the GPS floats quickly drifted to the river bank and stopped in the stagnant area due to the blockade of water plants, stone and the bending of the shoreline. The drift distance of each time was between 136 - 715m. The test results of salvaged floating objects found that the loss rates of B. straminea were 46.70% - 60.00% and 22.10% - 30.80%, in the Guihua New Village section of the Guanlan River and the Dawei Village section of the Longgang River, respectively, which were significantly affected by the floating weight, river velocity and drifting distance. The analysis of the hydrology and distribution of B. straminea in the Kuichong River both before and after Typhoon "Shanzhu" showed that the density of B. straminea in the river was significantly reduced by the flood. Conclusion B. straminea is mainly transported as suspended matter in water body, and flooding was an important factor in its long-distance diffusion.

Infuenza and Patients with Chronic Diseases and Elderly

@#Influenza is a highly contagious viral illness characterized by fever, cough, headache and myalgia. The influenza virus is a segmented ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that can infect both humans and animals, and the capacity for reassortment when multiple viruses infect the same cell has led – and will continue to lead – to the development of novel pandemic influenza A viruses. The disease is generally self-limiting, although complications and deaths can occur, particularly in children < two years of age, adults >65 years of age, pregnant women, and immunosuppressed individuals. Specific antiviral therapy is available, including oseltamivir in Singapore, and is recommended for severe disease as well as those with higher likelihood for developing complications from influenza. In addition to hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette, antiviral prophylaxis may reduce the impact and burden of influenza in household and institutional settings. However, the primary means for preventing influenza is via annual vaccination in those above the age of two years. The influenza vaccine, while having variable efficacy depending on antigenic matching with circulating viruses each year, is safe and cost-effective at the population level.

Comparison of Baseline Removal Methods in ECG and Algorithm Implementation / 中国医疗器械杂志

The removal of baseline drift is a difficult and important point in ECG preprocessing. This article discusses several commonly used methods to suppress ECG baseline drift:median filtering, high-pass filtering, curve fitting, wavelet transform, ECG-based feature points and morphological filtering methods. Under the circumstances of the baseline drift serious or weak, several methods for data are analyzed and compared. This article compares several commonly used methods as well as evaluation of application effects to provide a reference for the selection of baseline drift removal methods for ECG signals.

Research on Solid Pressure Sensor for High-pressureMeasurement Based on Fiber Bragg Grating / 分析化学

Solid internal pressure is one of the important parameters in traffic bridge and defense field.However, the existing testing equipments have the defects of serious electromagnetic interference, poor reliability, and poor accuracy.To overcome the above problems, a fiber bragg grating (FBG) high pressure solid pressure sensor which used thin plates as elastic bearing diaphragm and applied the deflection under pressure to pull the pressure sensitive grating to realize pressure sensing axial displacement was designed.By calculating on the structure according to the measurement range and finite element simulation, its feasibility was confirmed.In the laboratory with constant temperature, the pressure calibration experiment was carried out, and the temperature compensation was performed by the temperature compensation grating in the same temperature field to correct the temperature drift of strain grating.Experimental results showed that the newly devised FBG pressure sensor could sense the pressure as high as 50 MPa, with a linearity of 99.2%.

Buen trato a la infancia: deriva semántica en la producción científica publicada en Latinoamérica

La deriva semántica de los conceptos en la producción científica muchas veces significa una puerta de entrada para las diversas representaciones colectivas y su praxis consecuente. Anterior a la difusión de las palabras mismas y su asimilación en el imaginario colectivo en la vida cotidiana, cada una de ellas muestra un curso de validación dentro de la comunidad científica. El buen trato a la infancia es un concepto emergente que comienza a ser nombrado en 1997, frecuentemente asociado a prácticas de cuidado en salud o protección social, creado por oposición y en prevención al maltrato infantil. Mayormente presente en el mundo francés e hispano, esta noción logra un importante impacto en la comunidad científica latinoamericana. El propósito de este estudio es mostrar el comportamiento que presenta el despliegue del concepto en las principales revistas indexadas en la red de Redalyc durante los últimos quince años. Desde un análisis de orientación bibliométrica del término se compara la participación de países latinoamericanos de habla hispana en la publicación de artículos que usan el término en referencia al mismo como fenómeno presente en diversos campos y disciplinas. A partir del reconocimiento de esta distribución en el tiempo, se develan los principales significados y referencias del concepto. Se espera, a partir de este mapeo, contribuir a la dilucidación y delimitación del mismo, para aportar a su validación dentro y fuera de la comunidad científica.

Semantic drift of concepts in scientific production often means a gate for several collective representations and their application in the praxis consequent with it. Before diffusion of the words and their assimilation in the imaginary of people in the daily world, each one of them shows a course of validation into the scientific community. Well care in childhood is an emergent concept which begins to be named in 1997, frequently associated to practices of health or social care and it's created by opposition and for preventing child maltreatment. More present in French and Spanish world, this notion have gotten an important impact inside of Latin-American scientific community. The purpose of this study is to show the conduct of deployment of the concept in leading journals indexed in Redalyc network over the past fifteen years. From a bibliometric analysis of the term, the participation of Spanish speaking Latin American countries are compared in base of publications of articles that use the term in reference of a related phenomena in various fields and disciplines. Upon recognition of their distribution over time, the main concept meanings and references are revealed. Is expected from this mapping, contribute to clarify and to delimit the concept, to contribute to its validation inside and outside the scientific community.

A deriva semântica dos conceitos na produção científica muitas vezes significa uma porta de entrada para as diversas representações coletivas e sua prática consecutiva. Anterior a uma difusão das mesmas palavras e sua assimilação no imaginário coletivo na vida cotidiana, cada uma delas indica um curso de validação dentro da comunidade científica. El buen trato a la infancia es un concepto emergente que comenzó a ser nombrado en 1997, freqüentemente associado a prácticas de cuidado em saúde e proteção social, criado por oposição e em prevenção ao maltrato infantil. Destaque para o mundo francês e hispano, esta noção é importante para a comunidade científica latinoamericana. O objetivo deste estudo é mostrar o comportamento que apresenta o despliegue do conceito nas principais revistas indexadas no vermelho de Redalyc durante os últimos anos do quince. Desde um estudo de orientação bibliométrica do termo comparado a participação de países latinoamericanos de fala hispana na publicação de artigos que usan o termo em referência ao mesmo como um fenómeno presente em diversos campos e disciplinas. A partir do reconhecimento de sua distribuição no tempo, se develan os principais significados e referências do conceito. Se espera, a partir de este mapeo, contribuir para a diluição e delimitação do mesmo, para a validação de um dentro e fora da comunidade científica.

Molluscicidal effect of niclosamide ethanolamine salt powder - granula against Oncomelania hupensis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of niclosamide ethanolamine salt powder?granula(PG)against Oncomelania hupensis. Methods The molluscicidal experiment was carried out by the dusting method with niclosamide etha?nolamine salt 4%PG. The experiments were respectively done in the laboratory and the tidal flats wetlands. At the same time , the niclosamide ethanolamine salt 4%dustable powder(DP)was as the control group. The single blind method was used for the quality control. The corrected mortality and the median lethal concentration(LC50)were compared between PG and DP in the molluscicidal experiment of the laboratory. The corrected mortality and the reduced rate of snails’density were compared be?tween PG and DP in the tidal flats wetlands. Results The mortality rates of the snails were 96.67%and 100%respectively on 1 d after dusting 4.0 g/m2 of 4% PG and 2.0 g/m2 of 4% DP in the laboratory. The results showed that the mortality rates of the snails were higher with 4%DP than 4%PG in each dosage(t1 d=3.60,P0.05). Conclusions 4%PG has both the adsorption of powder and the penetrability of the granules. The molluscicidal effects of 4%PG and 4%DP are almost the same. However,the drift of the powder was still not effectively controlled. This problem need to be further studied.

Influence of Yiwei Huayu Powder on immune drift in patients with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer / 中草药

Objective: To observe the curative effect of Yiwei Huayu Powder (YHP) and the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC). Methods: There were 100 diagnosed chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) with gastric mucous membrane dysplasia (Dys) and/or intestinal metaplasia (IM) patients who were randomly divided into treatment group (50 cases) and control group (50 cases). The patients in the treatment group were administrated with YHP for three months, while the other one with Teprenone Capsules and folic acid. Results: Compared with the control group, the symptom scores of the patients in the treatment group decreased more obviously (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the pathological scores of the patients in the treatment group decreased more obviously (P < 0.05). After the treatment, the expression of the Th1 (IL-2, INF-γ) level escalated and the Th2 (IL-4, IL-6) level decreased in the treatment group, which existed an obvious difference compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: YHP has played a therapeutic effect in patients with PLGC through intervening immune drift and inducing tumor cell apoptosis, thereby blocking or reversing the development of PLGC.

Clave para la determinación de exuvias pupales de los quironómidos (Diptera: Chironomidae) de ríos altoandinos tropicales / Key to chironomid pupal exuviae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of tropical high Andean streams

. The Chironomidae is a cosmopolitan family of Nematoceran flies with more than 20 000 species described. However the diversity of genera and species of the family in the Andean region beyond the 2 000m.a.s.l are scarcely known. We conducted faunal surveys and biomonitoring research in different streams of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru from May 2005 to October 2011. Based on specimens collections, and a taxonomic key was developed to identify pupae and pupal exuviae of 46 genera of midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) collected from streams at high altitude areas on the Andean tropical mountains. We included illustrations and brief taxonomic descriptions for all genera, of which several ones have not yet been formally described; in this latter case we used the nomenclature of Roback & Coffman (1983). For two genera, Cricotopus and Genus 1, keys to the most common morphospecies were provided. Results showed that in this area the chironomid assemblages are dominated by the members of the subfamily Orthocladiinae (22 genera) followed by the Chironominae (13). Six genera of Tanypodinae were identified, while only three and two genera were present from subfamilies Podonominae and Diamesinae. This key may be very useful for both studies about drift in streams, and for biomonitoring purposes. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (4): 1385-1406. Epub 2014 December 01.

Chironomidae es una familia cosmopolita de dípteros nematóceros que comprende más de 20 000 especies descritas. Sin embargo, la diversidad de géneros y especies presentes en la región andina del Neotrópico es poco conocida. Por tal motivo se desarrolló una clave taxonómica para identificar las pupas y exuvias pupales de 46 géneros de la familia Chironomidae presentes en ríos de alta montaña ubicados en la cordillera de los Andes por encima de los 2 000msnm. Se utilizó material de colección obtenido de levantamientos faunísticos y estudios de biomonitoreo en diferentes ríos y quebradas de Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. La clave incluye ilustraciones y breves descripciones taxonómicas de todos los géneros incluyendo algunos que aún no han sido descritos formalmente. Para estos últimos se siguió la nomenclatura usada por Roback & Coffman (1983). Para los géneros Cricotopus y Género 1 se incluyen claves para la determinación de las morfoespecies más comunes. En el ensamblaje de quironómidos de la región altoandina domina la subfamilia Orthocladiinae (22 géneros) seguida por Chironominae (13 géneros), patrón que contrasta con la dominancia de Chironominae en las zonas de menor altura de la región Neotropical. Se encontraron seis géneros pertenecientes a la subfamilia Tanypodinae, mientras que para Podonominae y Diamesinae estuvieron presentes tres y dos géneros respectivamente. Esta clave podría llegar a ser muy útil en estudios de la deriva y programas de biomonitoreo de los ríos altoandinos neotropicales.

Aplicación de la genética de poblaciones en el ámbito de la medicina / Application of population genetics in the field of medicine

Las poblaciones humanas obedecen a los mismos supuestos evolutivos que el resto de los organismos, aunque mezclados con elementos sociales y culturales que pueden promover la expresión de ciertas enfermedades en grupos étnicos específicos, causadas principalmente por la frecuente endogamia. En este trabajo se analiza el principio de Hardy-Weinberg desde un enfoque médico, social y biológico, para entender los procesos evolutivos que dan lugar a las enfermedades autosómicas recesivas. A manera de conclusión se puede señalar que la incidencia de estas enfermedades está inversamente relacionada con los niveles de la variabilidad genética en las poblaciones, variabilidad que depende de eventos de colonización, recolonización y migración, así como de convenciones sociales como el racismo, la estratificación social y la segregación.

Human populations follow the same evolutionary principles as other organisms, although mixed with social and cultural elements, which can result in a high prevalence of certain diseases within specific ethnic groups. In this work, the Hardy-Weinberg principle is analyzed from a medical, social and biological viewpoint to understand the evolutionary processes of autosomal recessive diseases. It can be concluded that the incidence of these diseases is inversely related to the levels of genetic variability within populations, which depends on colonization, recolonization and migration events, as well as on social conventions such as racism, social stratification and segregation.

The remarkable discreteness of being.

Life is a discrete, stochastic phenomenon: for a biological organism, the time of the two most important events of its life (reproduction and death) is random and these events change the number of individuals of the species by single units. These facts can have surprising, counterintuitive consequences. I review here three examples where these facts play, or could play, important roles: the spatial distribution of species, the structuring of biodiversity and the (Darwinian) evolution of altruistic behaviour.

Adjuvantes na deriva de 2,4-D + glyphosate em condições de campo / Adjuvants on spray drift of 2,4-D + glyphosate in field conditions

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de adjuvantes sobre a deriva em aplicações da mistura de 2,4-D + glyphosate. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos corresponderam às soluções com a mistura dos herbicidas 2,4-D + glyphosate (670 e 1068g ha-1, respectivamente) adicionando-se os adjuvantes (v v-1): óleo mineral (0,5%); agente antideriva (0,09%); espalhante adesivo A (0,1%); fertilizante líquido (0,05%); espalhante adesivo B (0,25%); e somente os herbicidas (testemunha). Foram utilizados para determinação de deriva fios de náilon externos à área de aplicação (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 e 200m de distância) com quatro repetições e seis cilindros de espuma posicionados sobre a barra do pulverizador para coleta de gotas sujeitas à deriva. As aplicações foram realizadas simultaneamente, utilizando-se um sal traçador específico em cada solução de aplicação para quantificar os depósitos por meio de espectrofotômetro. Não foi possível verificar efeito dos adjuvantes sobre a deriva nas diferentes distâncias da área de aplicação. Com base nas gotas coletadas acima da barra de pulverização, constatou-se que a suscetibilidade à deriva foi menor com o óleo mineral e o agente antideriva. O risco de deriva foi maior com o fertilizante líquido e o espalhante adesivo B.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of adjuvants on the spray drift applications from mixture of 2,4-D + glyphosate. The trial was carried out in field conditions in a completely randomized design. The treatments corresponded to solutions containing mixture of the herbicides 2,4-D + glyphosate (670 and 1068g ha-1, respectively) adding the adjuvants (v v-1): mineral oil (0.5%); anti-drift agent (0.09%); spreader-sticker A (0.1%); liquid fertilizer (0.05%); spreader-sticker B (0.25%); and only herbicides without adjuvantes (control). Nylon strings were used to drift determination outside the application area (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 m away) with 4 replications and six foam cylinders placed on the boom of the sprayer were used to collect the droplets subject to drift. The applications were performed simultaneously, using a specific salt tracer for each spray solution to quantify the deposits by spectrophotometer. It was not possible to verify effect of the adjuvants on drift at different distances of the application area. Based on droplets collected above the boom spray, it was found that susceptibility to drift was lower with the mineral oil and the anti-drift agent. The drift risk was higher with the liquid fertilizer and the spreader-sticker B.

Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents by Differential Mobility Spectrometry and Drift-time Ion Mobility Spectrometry Hybrid Technology / 分析化学

Using a novel hybrid technology combined differential ion mobility spectrometry ( DMS) with drift time ion mobility spectrometry DMS-IMS2 , we detected the typical chemical warfare agent simulants dimethyl methylphosphonate ( DMMP ) and methyl salicylate ( MS) . With carrier gas 800 mL/min and DMS RF voltage 1100 V, the chemical warfare agents DMMP and MS could be detected and characterized by DMS-IMS2 under DIMS mode. In addition, DMS-IMS2 is capable to monitor positive and negative ions of DMMP and MS simultaneously, and provides the two-dimensional separation parameters DMS compensation voltage ( CV) and IMS drift time ( Td ) , which provides more information for the identification of two chemical warfare agents. DMS-IMS2 has potential application in on-site detection and instrument miniaturization due to its advantages including small size, low power consumption and rapid response time.

Physiological drift of teeth in upper arch after bi-maxillary first premolar extraction / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To study the distance and pattern of the movement of the maxillary teeth after 6 months driftodontics for dental crowding.Methods 20 dental crowding children,according to the treatment plan,who were required to removal four first premolars,were involved in this study (8 males,12 females,aged 11-14 years old).All of the children did not wear appliance in six months after teeth extraction.X-ray image data before and six months after teeth extraction were collected.The width of extraction space,the anterior irregular index and inclination of the axis of each tooth were recorded before and six months after tooth extraction.The data were analyzed by t-test and Pearson relative analysis.Results The study model showed that bilateral maxillary space of extraction pre-and pro-driftodontics decreased (5.79 ± 4.9) mm (P ＜ 0.01) ; anterior crowding decreased (5.79± 4.12) mm,irregular index was significantly reduced (P＜0.01).Cephalometric film measurement showed that canine crown moved distally (4.87±3.54) mm after the drift (P＜0.01).Canine tooth axis changed from mesial to upright.The crown of maxillary first molar moved mesially (1.18± 0.52) mm (P ＜ 0.01).There were no significant changes in apical position.Conclusions After 6 months of the physiological drift,upright moving of canine relieves anterior teeth crowding.The molar anchorage is saved.

Further study on possibility of diffusion of Oncomelania hupensis with water in river channels of the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To study the drifting law of floats and potential risks of Oncomelania hupensis diffusion in the water diversion rivers of the east route of South?to?North Water Diversion Project. Methods The O. hupensis snails in the river chan?nels were monitored by the salvage method and snail luring method with rice straw curtains,and the diffusion possibility of snails along with water was assessed through the drift test of floats with GPS. Results In the flood seasons from 2006 to 2013, totally 8 338.0 kg of floats were salvaged,and 2 100 rice straw curtains were put into water in the Li Canal and Jinbao shipping channel,but no Oncomelania snails were found. The drift test of floats with GPS before water diversion showed that the flow ve?locity on water surface(northbound)was 0.45 m/s,the average drift velocity of the floats was 0.56-0.60 m/s,and the average drift distances each time were 999.70- 1 995.50 m in the Gaoshui River section,while there were no obvious drift in Jinbao shipping channel section. During the water diversion period,the flow velocity on water surface(northbound)was 0.45 m/s,the average drift velocity of the floats was 0.35-0.41m/s,and the average drift distances each time were 1 248.06-1 289.44 m in the Gaoshui River,while in Jinbao shipping channel section,the flow velocity on water surface was 0.28 m/s,the average drift velocity of the floats was 0.25- 0.27 m/s,and the average drift distances each time were 477.76- 496.38 m. The drift test showed that the floats gradually closed to the river bank as affected by water flow,wind direction and ship waves,when blocked by the reeds,water plants or other obstacles,and they would stopped and could not continue to drift without outside help. Con?clusions There are no Oncomelania snails found in the river channels of the east route of South?to?North Water Diversion Proj?ect. The drifting distance of the floating debris along with the water is restricted by the flow rate and shore environment.