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PURPOSE@#This study aimed to investigate the possible association between psychological disorders and risky driving behavior (RDB) in Iran.@*METHODS@#This case-control study conducted in Shiraz, Iran in 2021. The case group included drivers with psychological disorders and the control group included those without any disorders. The inclusion criteria for selecting patients were: active driving at the time of the study, being 18 - 65 years old, having a driving license, having a psychological disorder including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety spectrum disorder, or psychotic disorder spectrum confirmed by a psychiatrist, and completing an informed consent form. The exclusion criterion was the existence of conditions that interfered with answering and understanding the questions. The inclusion criteria for selecting the healthy cases were: active driving at the time of the study, being 18 - 65 years old, having a driving license, lack of any past or present history of psychiatric problems, and completing an informed consent form. The data were gathered using a researcher-made checklist and Manchester driving behavior questionnaire. First, partition around medoids method was used to extract clusters of RDB. Then, backward logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between the independent variables and the clusters of RDB.@*RESULTS@#The sample comprised of 344 (153 with psychological disorder and 191 without confirmed psychological disorder) drivers. Backward elimination logistic regression on total data revealed that share of medical expenditure ≤ 10% of total household expenditure (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.48 - 7.24), psychological disorder (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.67 - 5.70), and substance abuse class (OR = 6.38, 95% CI: 3.55 - 11.48) were associated with high level of RDB.@*CONCLUSION@#Substance abuse, psychological illnesses, and share of medical costs from total household expenditure were found to be main predictors of RDB. Further investigations are necessary to explain the impact of different psychological illnesses on driving behavior.
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Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Automobile Driving , Iran , Case-Control Studies , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk-TakingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating effect of mental health on job burnout and aggressive driving behavior in bus drivers. METHODS: A total of 447 bus drivers was selected as study subjects using a convenience sampling method. The status of job burnout, mental health and aggressive driving behaviors were investigated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, Symptom Check List 90, and the Aggressive Driving Questionnaire. RESULTS: The score of aggressive driving behaviors of bus drivers were positively correlated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment dimension score and mental health total score[Spearman correlation coefficient(r_S)=0.23, 0.27, 0.15, 0.34, all P<0.01]. The mental health total score was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions scores(r_S=0.46, 0.47, all P<0.01), and not correlated with personal accomplishment dimension score(r_S=-0.04, P>0.05). Emotional exhaustion can affect aggressive driving behaviors through mental health, and the standardized mediating value was 0.16, accounting for 72.7% of the total effect. Depersonalization can influence aggressive driving behaviors through mental health, and the standardized mediating value was 0.17, accounting for 70.8% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Mental health plays a mediating role in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and aggressive driving behavior of bus drivers.
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BACKGROUND@#Road traffic injury is one of the persistent public health challenges in most regions of the world, representing substantial human and economic losses. Annually, about 1.25 million lives are lost, whereas 50 million suffer from road traffic injuries globally. It has been shown that over 60% of the reasons for traffic injuries are a risky driving behavior (RDB). Despite the problem's pervasiveness, there is a paucity of information about level and factors influencing RDB among professional car drivers in Bahirdar city, northwest Ethiopia.@*METHODS@#An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2016. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 376 participants. A self-administered driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ) was used for data collection. We performed a binary logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations of variables. Potential confounders were controlled using a multivariable logistic regression model. We ascertained the significance at < 0.05 p value and evaluated strength of associations using crude odds ratios (COR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).@*RESULTS@#A total of 361 drivers participated (response rate, 96%). The mean age was 34 (standard deviations ± 7.97) years. The majority, 98.9% (N = 357), were males. The level of risky driving behavior and road traffic crashes were 79.4% (95% CI 75.92, 83.97) and 16.3% (95% CI 15.91, 24.84), respectively. Average monthly salary [AOR 2.04; 95% CI (1.23, 2.74)], driving experience [AOR 2.72; 95% CI (1.07, 6.89)], distance driven per year [AOR 2.06; 95% CI (1.13, 4.10)], and previous history of involvement in traffic crashes [AOR 2.30; 95% CI (1.15, 7.35)] were significantly associated with risky driving behavior.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The study shows that risky driving behavior is common among professional car drivers in the study setting. Therefore, it is strongly advisable for policy makers and other stake holders to devise strategies that consider working conditions, like monthly salary and driving experiences. The study also suggests that it is often advisable to reduce the distance driven per year and learn from implications of previous history of involvement in traffic crashes.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Accidents, Occupational , Accidents, Traffic , Automobile Driving , Psychology , Cities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ethiopia , Odds Ratio , Risk Factors , Risk-Taking , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer las dinámicas sociales de la accidentalidad vial -formas de ocurrencia, tipos de consecuencias, tipos de víctimas- y su relación con variables socio-demográficas. Se analizan datos procedentes de dos fuentes: una encuesta de victimización vial (accidentalidad subjetiva) a una muestra no aleatoria de estudiantes de ciclos superiores de 20 ciudades capitales (n=2292) de Colombia y estadísticas oficiales de heridos en tránsito (accidentalidad objetiva) en Bogotá en el año 2009 (n=2300). Mediante un análisis de clasificación jerárquica y combinando características del vehículo, del daño causado y del conductor -edad, sexo- y otros actores de la vía, los resultados mostraron cuatro tipologías de accidentes: 1) conductor particular, atropello, víctima peatón de 61 años o más, 2) víctima peatón de 0 a 10 años por atropello y lesión por trauma facial, 3) víctima pasajero o mujer, por caída desde el automóvil o bus de transporte público, y lesiones en el cuello, 4) víctima conductor de moto o cicla, entre 21 y 30 años, varón, por colisión, y daños en las extremidades. Las implicaciones de los resultados se discuten con relación a políticas de prevención de la accidentalidad vial.
The aim of this paper is to describe the social dynamics of road traffic accidents - occurrence forms, consequences of accidents, victim typologies - and their relations with socio demographic variables. Data of two types were analyzed: the driving victimization survey (subjective traffic acci-dents) by a non-randomized sample of high school students (n =2292) from 20 main Colombian cities and official statistics of traffic injured (objective traffic accidents) in Bogotá during 2009 (n=2300). Through a cluster analysis and combining vehicle characteristics, caused damage and driver age- sex- and other actors of the road, the results showed four types of accidents: 1) per-sonal vehicle driver, 61 year-old or older pedestrian fatality. 2) Pedestrian victim from 0 to 10 years old, injury by facial trauma. 3) Passenger or woman victim from public transportation or vehicle falling, neck injuries. 4) 21-30 year-old driver man of moto or bicycle, crash victim, leg and hand injured.
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ObjectiveTo explore the relationships of driving coping styles with driving behaviors and road accidents of drivers.MethodsThree hundreds and thirty-seven drivers were randomly surveyed by Driving Coping Questionnaire ( DCQ),Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ).Results ( 1 ) Except avoidance coping style,confrontive coping and emotion-focused coping were correlated positively with the three driving behaviors ( r =0.18 ～ 0.56,P ＜ 0.01 ),and positive appraisal coping had negatively correlations with them (( r =-0.34 ～-0.41,P＜0.01 ).(2)Positive appraisal coping,confrontive coping and emotion-focused coping could predict 33.5％ of error behaviors and 23.5％ of slip behaviors.And confrontive coping and positive appraisal coping could predict 40.2％ of speeding and violation behaviors.(3) Compared with safety drivers,accident drivers had significantly differences in confrontive coping in mild and moderate crashes( t=-2.75,2.80,P＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionDriving coping styles are the important factors influencing drivers' behaviors and road safety.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of electroencephalography(EEG) recognition rate resulted by stimulus of visual, auditory and combined perception. MethodsIn virtual traffic environment, the stimuli were designed in traffic information based on visual, auditory and audio-visual fusion. When one of the three stimuli appeared, the subjects completed starting and braking vehicle by imaginary using of right and left hands at the same time. The EEG signals were recorded and the imaginary motion-related features from C3, C4 were extracted and classified. ResultsThe best recognition rates in visual, auditory and fusion perception were 100％, 100％and 83％, respectively, while the averages of the rates were 68.8％ 、82.2％、76.9％, respectively. Conclusion The recognition rates are affected by the audio, visual and fusion stimulus and apparent individual differences exist.
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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the driving habits of taxi drivers, in order to examine the characteristics of human factors causing traffic accidents and unsafe driving behavior and to determine any relevancy among them. METHOD: Taxi drivers (N=335) answered a questionnaire investigating various measures of human factors, unsafe driving behaviors, and number of traffic accident experiences in the previous year. In factor analysis, the characteristics of human factors were classified into 5 common factors: job, mental health, age, health habit and sleep factor. A contextual mediated model was proposed to distinguish the distal (5 common factors) and proximal (unsafe driving behaviors) factors in predicting traffic accident involvement by hierarchical multiple regression. RESULT: In hierarchical multiple regression, job factor(beta: 0.122), sleep factor (beta: 0.114) and unsafe driving behaviors (beta: 0.018) yielded a direct effect on the rate of traffic accidents. Mental health factor beta: 6.429), job factor (beta: 1.319) and health habit factor(beta: 1.177) yielded a indirect effect on the rate of traffic accidents by unsafe driving behaviors. CONCLUSION: Various human factors co-related by the unique characteristics that exist in the taxi service industry have significant effects on the rate of traffic accidents mediated by unsafe driving behaviors. Therefore a proper countermeasure against these factors should be established in order to effectively reduce the rate of taxi accidents.