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Background: The vaccine preventable diseases are one of the causes of morbidity and mortality among children despite implementation of immunization program.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural area of Jaipur to know immunization status of 0-3 years of children and its relation to socio-demographic factors and reason for dropout.Results: Total no of families in study was 194. Majority of them were Hindu ( 94.84%). Majority of children belong to socioeconomic class V (55.%) and socioeconomic class IV (28.5%). 48.17% mothers were of 25-29 years of age group. 93.02%of mothers were housewives. Majority of mothers (42.5%) were illiterate, BCG vaccination coverage was found to be 71.09%, while that of OPV was 71.09%, DPT 64.96%, Measles 60.71%, and MMR vaccination was 3.43%. This study shows that drop our rate for DPT was 19.4%, dropout rate of OPV was 22.33%. Left out rate for DPT was 35.03%.Conclusions: Majority of children who were non immunized belong to illiterate mothers. Reasons for non-immunization in maximum number of cases was lack of information, wrong ideas regarding immunization and unaware of need for immunization.
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Background: Rabies is a preventable neglected public health problem and associated with multiple cultural, religious, and social practices, myths in our country. There is a lack of organized surveillance system to measure the incidence of animal bite and human rabies as well as to evaluate cost‑saving of different routes, regimen, and types of antirabies vaccines (ARV)/immunoglobulin available in India. Objectives: The objective of this study is to know dropout rate in intradermal (i.d.) ARV regimen among animal bite and to analyze the utilized volume of ARV by a different route of vaccine administration. Methods: A total of 250 animal bite victims were followed up at ARV Clinic (ARVC). Volume utilization of i.d. route over intramuscular (i.m.) route was analyzed among the patients who attended ARVC during the past 2 years. Total dropout and delayed compliance rates of ARV regimen among different group were compared by Chi‑square test. Results: The i.d. route was about five times more volume and cost‑saving than i.m. route. The majority of victims belonged to 15–30 years (27.60%) and children <15 years (26.40%) and had wound at their lower limbs (85%) mainly bitten by dogs (98%). Thirty‑four percent total dropout and 31.5% delayed compliance observed particularly during the last dose of i.d. regimen. There was no significant difference in dropout rates among different demographic groups. Half of the victims practiced wound toilet on the same day of bite. Only 68% received the first dose of ARV within 24 h of the exposure. Conclusion: Children and young adults are at higher risk of having dog bite. I.d. ARV regimen is more volume and cost‑saving than i.m. one and proper counseling and follow‑up should be arranged to complete the vaccination schedule.
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of high school students' mental health on their academic achievement and school dropout rate by using longitudinal data. METHODS: For this study, 153 high schools were randomly sampled on a nationwide scale. The descriptive data was collected from a school information internet site which is organized by the Korean Ministry of Education. We used the schools' mean scores on the Adolescent Mental Health Problem-Behavior Questionnaire-II (AMPQ-II) scale which was used for estimating students' mental health in the 2013 school-based mental health screening test. The data analysis was conducted by using hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the AMPQ-II scale's mean scores have significant effects on the following year's academic achievement and annual dropout rates. Especially, the AMPQ-II scale's mean scores tend to increase the school dropout rate in vocational schools. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study is that Korean high school students' mental health states significantly influence their academic achievement and school dropout rate.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Education , Internet , Mass Screening , Mental Health , Statistics as Topic , Student DropoutsABSTRACT
Background: Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity & mortality in children. One of the most cost effective & easy methods for child survival is immunization. In May 1974, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially launched a global immunization programme known as Expanded Programme of immunization (EPI) to protect all the children of the world against 6 Vaccine Preventable Diseases by the year 2000. It was later redesignated as Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) since 1985. The objectives of this study were to assess the dropout rate and primary immunization coverage of children aged 12-23 months in Surendranagar city and to know the various reasons for partially or not immunizing the child. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study. Thirty clusters were selected out of a total of 282 blocks of Surendranagar using the cluster sampling method. Cluster sampling method was used for sample selection and the proforma designed by UNICEF was used as a study tool. Sample size was 210 children (7 Children from each cluster) of aged 12-23 months. The obtained data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests like Z test and X2 test. Results: Out Of the 210 surveyed children, 121(57.62%) were males and 89(42.38%) were females. Immunization card was available for 69.52% of children and fully immunized were 70.47%. Coverage was highest for BCG (95.71%) followed by OPV3 (82.85%), DPT3 (79.52%) and lowest for measles (75.23%). As far as the dropout rate is concerned, it was 21.39%, 10.21%, and 9.37% for BCG to measles, DPT1 to DPT3, and OPV1 to OPV3, respectively. Amongst the various reasons main reasons for dropout or unimmunization of children were ignorance in about 64% and lack of information regarding time, place and schedule (21%). Conclusions: Improvement should focus on reducing the dropout rate from DPT2/OPV2 to DPT3/OPV3 and improving coverage of measles and also Vitamin A.
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This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1000 children between 10 months to 5 years of age during November 2004 to February 2005 attended in the department of pediatrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) with different childhood illness. Aim of study was to know the Immunization (EPI) coverage, dropout rate and factors influencing dropout. According to parent's statement, 82.5% of the children were fully, 16.1% were partially and 1.4% were non-immunized. Specific immunization coverage revealed that, 97.3% were immunized with BCG, 96.7% with DPT1/OPV1, 92.9% with DPT2/OPV2, 91% with DPT3/OPV3 & 84% with measles vaccine. Among the BCG vaccinated children 91.77% had BCG scar. Drop out of DPT1-DPT3 was 5.78% & DPT1- measles was 12.88%. The main reason found for non-immunization were lack of faith in programme (57.1%), lack of awareness (21.4%), and fear of side effects (21.4%), whereas lack of awareness (41.6%) and illness of child (32.9%) played role behind drop out. Drop out cases were found to be associated with female sex, parent's illiteracy, higher number of children in the family and father's occupation (p<0.001), whereas mothers occupation had no independent effect on coverage (p>0.05). The study findings suggested that despite the effort taken by Government and NGOs to expand coverage, dropout rates are unacceptably high. To combat this challenge counseling and motivation on EPI, improvement of information system, health education and training of health workers are required.
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El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar y describir el rendimiento académico, las causas de deserción y los cambios personales en la autoestima, la asertividad y el autocontrol, en los estudiantes del Programa Cobertura con Equidad en la Universidad de San Buenaventura (U.S.B). Se trabajó con datos cuantitativos, aplicando cuestionarios con preguntas abiertas y cerradas y cualitativamente se realizaron grupos focales, auto-reportes y entrevistas. Se describieron las relaciones con sentido que se des-cubren en la lectura de recurrencias y tendencias y se precedió hacer los análisis y dar respuesta a los interrogantes planteados, los cuales permitieron describir las características de la población y hacer análisis, a partir de un estudio de las variables de interés. Además, se presentó una propuesta formativa de inclusión para los estudiantes del programa
The objective of this piece of research was to analyze and to describe the academic achievement and the personal changes as for self-esteem, assertiveness, and self-control of the students of the Program with Equity Program at Saint Bonaventure University. In this piece of research, quantitative data, open and closed questions were used. As well, qualitative data were obtained from focal groups and self-reports and interviews were carried out. Relations with a sense, which are discovered in the reading of recurrences and tendencies, were described. Then, some analyses were made and some posed questions were answered, which let describe the characteristics of the population and make some analysis starting from a study of the variables of interest. Besides, a formative proposal of inclusion for the students of the program was introduced