ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the factors affecting the dropping-out from methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Hangzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for improving the compliance to MMT.@*Methods@#One MMT clinic was sampled from each of the eight districts in Hangzhou City using a cluster random sampling method, and patients that received MMT and were at ages of 18 years and older and registered during the period from December 2020 through June 2021 were recruited. Participants' basic characteristics, illegality and crime within 6 months prior to MMT and family and social relationships were collected through questionnaire surveys, and factors affecting the dropping-out from MMT were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#A total of 315 outpatients were included from MMT clinics. The participants had a mean age of (45.33±7.63) years, and included 245 men (77.78%) and 70 women (22.22%), with a dropping-out rate of 65.71%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a low likelihood of dropping-out from MMT among patients at ages of 60 years and older (OR=0.080, 95%CI: 0.018-0.350), employees (OR=0.415, 95%CI: 0.236-0.727), patients without drug-related infectious diseases (OR=0.411, 95%CI: 0.231-0.731), patients with per dossing of 60 mL and higher (OR=0.431, 95%CI: 0.236-0.787) and patients without contact with drug-using friends (OR=0.328, 95%CI: 0.185-0.582), and a high possibility of dropping-out from MMT among patients with poor relationship with family members (OR=2.905, 95%CI: 1.127-7.488). @*Conclusion@#Age, working status, drug-related infectious diseases, dosing, relationship with family members and contact with drug-using friends affected the dropping-out from MTT in Hangzhou City.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores potenciais de impacto sobre a desistência em um ensaio clínico randomizado. Para participar das 12 semanas de intervenção, foram selecionados adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade (IMC percentil ≥ 85), dos sexos masculino e feminino, com média de idade 16,44±1,09. Utilizou-se regressão logística binária para responder pelo desfecho de não conclusão. As regressões foram realizadas por blocos e as variáveis estudadas foram características demográficas e antropométricas, marcadores metabólicos, aspectos motivacionais, funcionamento psicológico e percepção das práticas alimentares parentais. Foi constatada uma taxa de desistência de 48,8%. A maior chance de desistência foi explicada no modelo final de regressão pela autoeficácia para mudança de estilo de vida (OR: 0,732; IC95%: 0,581-0,921; p=0,008), pelo suporte familiar (OR: 0,807; IC95%: 0,685-0,950; p=0,010), pela HbA1c (OR: 11,366; IC95%: 3,123-37,702; p=0,010) e por fatores relacionados às práticas alimentares parentais. Concluiu-se que a família e os aspectos relacionados à motivação para mudança podem ser determinantes de desistência em programas para perda de peso para adolescentes.
The number of overweight or obese adolescents has increased, but the rate of dropping out in programs for this population is high. The objective of this study was to identify potential factors of impact on dropping out in a randomized clinical trial. To take part in a 12-week intervention, overweight or obese adolescents (BMI percentile ≥ 85), males and females, with mean age 17.99±1.09 were selected. Binary logistic regression was used to account for the non-completion outcome. Regressions were performed by blocks and the variables studied were demographic and anthropometric traits, metabolic markers, motivational aspects, psychological functioning, and perception of parental food practices. The drop-out rate was 48.8%. The highest chance of withdrawal was explained in the final regression model by self-efficacy to change lifestyle (OR: 0.732; IC95%: 0.581-0.921; p=0.008), by family support (OR: 0.807; IC95%: 0.685-0.950; p=0.010), by HbA1c (OR: 11.366; IC95%: 3.123-37.702; p=0.010), and by factors associated with parental food practices. It was concluded that the family and aspects related to motivation for change can be determinants of dropping-out in weight-loss programs for teenagers.
El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar factores potenciales del impacto sobre la desistencia en un ensayo clínico aleatorizado. Se seleccionaron para participar en 12 semanas de intervención, adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad (IMC percentil ≥ 85), del sexo masculino y femenino con media de edad 16,44±1,09. Se utilizó regresión logística binaria para responder por el resultado de conclusión incompleta. Las regresiones fueron realizadas por bloques y las variables estudiadas fueron características demográficas y antropométricas, marcadores metabólicos, aspectos motivacionales, funcionamiento psicológico y percepción de las prácticas alimentarias parentales. La tasa de desistimiento fue de 48,8%. La mayor probabilidad de desistimiento fue explicada en el modelo final de regresión por auto-eficacia para el cambio de estilo de vida (OR: 0,732, IC95%: 0,581-0,921, p=0,008), por el soporte familiar (OR: 0,807, IC95%: 0,685-0,950; p=0,010), por la HbA1c (OR: 11,366, IC95%: 3,123-37,702; p=0,010) y por factores relacionados con las prácticas alimentarias parentales. Se concluyó que la familia y los aspectos relacionados con la motivación para el cambio pueden ser determinantes de la desistencia de programas para la pérdida de peso para los adolescentes.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción. La deserción universitaria es un problema de gran interés para diferentes agentes del sistema educativo, pues su ocurrencia en las sociedades es un indicador de ineficiencia, que genera considerables costos para los Estados, las universidades, los estudiantes y sus familias. Objetivo. Examinar los factores que influyen en la decisión de desertar de los estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia) para el año 2018. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, a partir de un diseño exploratorio-descriptivo de campo, de carácter transversal, en el que participaron 3026 estudiantes mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario autoadministrado. Resultados. Además de los factores económicos, que tradicionalmente son evaluados en este tipo de literatura, las condiciones sociales, familiares y afectivas se convierten en incidentes clave al momento de abordar la deserción escolar como un fenómeno estructural. Conclusiones. La articulación entre directivos, administrativos docentes y estudiantes se consolida como un elemento clave en los procesos de retención académica, como una estrategia para combatir el fenómeno de deserción universitaria.
Abstract Introduction: University dropout is a problem of great interest to different agents of the education system, since its presence in societies is an indicator of inefficiency, which generates considerable costs for states, universities, students and their families. Objective: Examine the factors that influence students' decision to drop out of university in the city of Medellin (Colombia) for the year 2018. Methods and instruments: A quantitative study was carried out, based on a cross-cutting exploratory-descriptive field design, in which 3026 students participated through the application of a self-administered questionnaire. Results: In addition to economic factors, which are traditionally evaluated in this type of literature, social, family and affective conditions become key incidents when dealing with school dropout as a structural phenomenon. Conclusions: The articulation between directors, administrators, teachers and students is consolidated as a key element in academic retention processes, as a strategy to combat the phenomenon of university dropout.
Resumo Introdução. A deserção universitária é um problema de grande interesse para os diferentes agentes do sistema educativo, pois sua ocorrência nas sociedades é um indicador de ineficiência, que gera consideráveis custos para os Estados, as universidades, os estudantes e suas famílias. Objetivo. Examinar os fatores que influenciam na decisão de desertar dos estudantes universitários da cidade de Medellín (Colômbia) para o ano 2018. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizado um estudo com foco no quantitativo, a partir de um desenho exploratório-descritivo do campo, de caráter transversal, onde participaram 3026 estudantes mediante a aplicação de um questionário autoadministrado. Resultados. Além dos fatores económicos, que tradicionalmente são avaliados neste tipo de literatura, as condições sociais, familiares e afetivas se convertem em incidentes chave no momento de abordar a deserção escolar como um fenômeno estrutural. Conclusões. A articulação entre diretivos, administrativos docentes e estudantes se consolida como um elemento chave nos processos de retenção académica, como uma estratégia para combater o fenômeno de deserção universitária.
ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo cualitativo en el campo de la educación médica de pregrado. Objetivo: caracterizar la deserción escolar en el primer año del nuevo programa de formación de médicos en el periodo 2007-2009 en Nuevitas. Métodos: para su realización se emplearon métodos empíricos, estadísticos y teóricos, el estudio se centró en los 18 estudiantes que abandonaron los estudios en este periodo de tiempo. Los datos se recogieron mediante una encuesta aplicada a los estudiantes y una entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a los directivos docentes del municipio que actuaron como informantes clave. Se utilizaron números absolutos y porcentajes para resumir la información y tablas para su presentación. Resultados: se obtuvo un alto porcentaje de deserción (40,9 por ciento, la preparación previa fue calificada de mal en un 41,4 por ciento y la asignatura de mayor dificultad fue la Morfofisiología en un 94,4 por ciento. De los estudiantes que abandonaron la carrera el 50 por ciento no estaba motivado por la misma y el 55,5 por ciento lo hizo por dificultades en el aprendizaje. Conclusiones: la deserción escolar en el primer año de medicina del policlínico universitario tuvo una elevada magnitud. La base académica previa resultó evaluada de mal en casi la mitad de la muestra. La asignatura de Morfofisiología fue la de mayor dificultad en el aprendizaje, además se evidenció que la deserción escolar es un fenómeno multicausal, destacándose como principales causas las dificultades en el aprendizaje y la falta de motivación
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in the field of undergraduate medical education. Objective: to characterize the dropping out of school in the first year of the new program for medical formation in the 2007-2009 period in Nuevitas, Camaguey province. Methods: empirical, statistical and theoretical methods were used to study 18 students who left their studies in that period of time. The data was collected from a survey administered to the students and from a semi-structured interview to the managing staff in the field of education in Nuevitas municipality, which was the key informant. Absolute numbers as well as percentages served to summarize the information which was illustrated in tables. Results: high percentage of students dropping out of school 40,9 percent), previous preparation of students was rated as inadequate in 41,4 percent and the most difficult subject was Morphophysiology in 94,4 percent of cases. Fifty percent of the students who dropped out of school was not really motivated to study medicine whereas 55,5 percent faced learning problems that forced them to leave the medical school. Conclusions: dropping out of the university polyclinics in the first year of medical studies were high. The previous academic preparation of students was considered inadequate in almost half of the sample. Morphophysiology was the most difficult subject in terms of learning. It was evinced that dropping out of school is a multiple cause phenomenon, being the learning difficulties and the lack of motivation the main ones