ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El consumo de drogas ilegales por la mujer gestante puede ocasionar morbilidades potencialmente graves en el feto y recién nacido. Las manifestaciones en el niño pueden ser diversas, por lo que es necesario un alto índice de sospecha a fin de realizar el diagnóstico y tratamiento apropiados. Se presentan tres casos de recién nacidos, hijos de madres adictas, con variadas expresiones clínicas.
ABSTRACT Illegal drug consumption by pregnant women can cause potentially serious morbidities in the fetus and newborn. Manifestations in children can be diverse, so a high index of suspicion is necessary in order to appropriately diagnose and treat this condition. Three cases of newborns, born to mothers with substance-abuse disorder, with various clinical presentations are reviewed.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To understand the status quo of relapse behavior among drug addicts and its related factors. Methods:A total of 1 225 community residents were randomly selected by stratified proportional sampling method. Data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire survey. Descriptive analysis， one-factor chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the drug relapse behavior and possible related factors. Results:A total of 1 219 valid questionnaires were collected， with a recovery rate of 99.5%. The majority of the respondents were male （86.2%）， rural household registration （78.3%）， education level in junior high school or above （55.0%）， and unmarried （54.1%）， with an average age of （37.18±10.71） years old. 36.8% of the respondents had relapse behavior. The possible risk factors of relapse were age （OR=4.225， P<0.001）， education level （OR=1.530， P=0.003），urban and rural residence （OR=1.778， P=0.001）， employment status （OR=1.559， P=0.007）， marriage status （OR=1.581， P=0.001）and family support （OR=1.756， P=0.006） . Conclusion:We should focus on the influence of demographic factors such as age， education level， employment status， marital status， family relationship and social support under the background of urban-rural differences on relapse behavior of drug addicts. The whole society should work together to create a good environment for rehabilitation， effectively prevent the relapse behavior of drug addicts， and actively help them return to society smoothly， so as to reduce the social burden.
ABSTRACT
El uso indebido de drogas se ha convertido en un grave problema a nivel mundial. En los últimos años, en nuestro país se ha incrementado en más del 200% el consumo de pasta base de cocaína (paco). A pesar de que el paco es un producto intermedio en la obtención de cocaína, y que muchos de sus efectos son atribuibles al contenido de esa droga, su consumo produce un cuadro clínico claramente distinto al observado en los consumidores de clorhidrato de cocaína, lo cual puede estar relacionado con su impureza. Sin perjuicio del gran impacto social producido por el consumo de paco, poco se sabe sobre su composición química y menos aún sobre sus efectos crónicos en los distintos órganos ni sobre su fisiopatología. Si bien existe material de autopsia de adictos al paco, los hallazgos están contaminados por la coexistencia en un mismo paciente de múltiples tóxicos. Urge la formación de grupos multidisciplinarios, con moderna tecnología para enfrentar este gravísimo flagelo. (AU)
Drug abuse has become a serious problem worldwide. In recent years, in our country the consumption of cocaine base paste (Paco) has increased by more than 200%. Despite of the fact that Paco is an intermediate product in the manufacture of cocaine, and that many of its effects are attributable to its content, its consumption produces a clearly different clinical picture than that observed in cocaine hydrochloride users, which It may be related to the impurity of this drug. Without prejudice to the great social impact produced by the consumption of this drug, little is known about its chemical composition and even less about its chronic effects on the different organs or its pathophysiology. Although there is an autopsy material for drug addicts, the findings are contaminated by the coexistence of multiple toxins in the same patient. The formation of multidisciplinary groups is urgent, with modern technology to face this very serious scourge. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cocaine/analogs & derivatives , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Argentina , Heart Diseases/chemically induced , Lung Diseases/chemically inducedABSTRACT
A wearable wireless health monitoring system for drug addicts in compulsory rehabilitation centers was proposed. The system can continuously monitor multiple physiological parameters of drug addicts in real time, and issue early warning information when abnormal physiological parameters occur, so as to play the role of timely medical practice. In addition, this study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN)model, which can evaluate the health status of drug addicts based on multiple physiological parameters. Experiments show that the model can be applied to the task of body state recognition in the open physiological parameter data set, and the recognition accuracy can reach up to 100% in a single physiological parameter data set; when the whole physiological data set is used, the recognition accuracy can reach 99.1%. The recognition accuracy exceeds the performance of the traditional pattern recognition method on this task, which verifies the superiority of the model.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Electrocardiography , Monitoring, Physiologic , Neural Networks, Computer , Wearable Electronic DevicesABSTRACT
Pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition arising from disruption in arterial wall with blood dissecting into the tissues around the damaged artery creating a perfused sac that communicates with the arterial lumen. Its incidence is on rise due to increase in endovascular procedures, hemodialysis and intravenous drug abuse. Here we report an young male who was found by a NGO worker, lying on roadside near a Mandir with a pulsatile inguinal swelling and blood oozing out from it. He was taken immediately to emergency department of LN Hospital. He was a rickshaw puller and known drug addict. The swelling was diagnosed as pseudo-aneurysm of common femoral artery on clinical examination and by Doppler ultrasonogrphy. He was referred to CTVS department and admitted there for surgery. In the meanwhile, he collapsed in the hospital toilet and died due to hemorrhagic shock consequent upon rupture of pseudoaneurysm of femoral artery. In this report the gross and histopathological findings of pseudo-aneurysm of common femoral artery were described in autopsy.
Subject(s)
Abscess/complications , Abscess , Adult , Aneurysm, False/complications , Aneurysm, False/etiology , Aneurysm, False/mortality , Aneurysm, False/diagnostic imaging , Autopsy , Cause of Death , Drug Users , Femoral Artery/physiology , Femoral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Background: Today, the incidence of HIV has a tendency to increase in high risk population and other populations in Vietnam. HIV epidemic in Vietnam is closely assocciated with the situation of injection drug addicts and female sex workers. Objective: To study knowledge and attitude on HIV/AIDS prevention of injection drug addicts in Dien Bien & Dong Thap provinces. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional, descriptive, investigation using the questionnaire of the Ministry of Health was conducted in 731 injection drug addicts in the 9 districts/towns in \u0110ien Bien province (Dien Bien Phu town, Dien Bien, Tuan Giao, Phong Tho and Muong Lay district) and Dong Thap province (Cao Lanh town, Sa Dec, Hong Ngu and Tam Nong district), from August/2004 to January/2005. Results and Conclusion: 71.5%-81.3% of injection drug addicts had correct knowledge about the ways of HIV/AIDS transmission. 65.2%-79.9% of injection drug addicts knew HIV/AIDS prevention methods. 98.5% of injection drug addicts said that thay had been ready to look after their relatives infected with HIV/AIDS. 71.4%-98.7% ofinjection drug addictshad the attitude of keeping normal relationship with HIV infected subjects. 76.7% of injection drug addicts agreed that teachers with HIV could continute to teach.
Subject(s)
HIV , AttitudeABSTRACT
En la actualidad exite una ardua discusión sobre las sanciones dentro del derecho penal juvenil, tema que cobra especial relevancia cuando nos enfrentamos a conductas delictivas cometidas por personas menores de edad en las cuales se ha determinado su condiciçon de inimputables o toxicómanos a partir de las conclusiones de las pericias respectivas. El cuestionamiento nos lleva a dos posibles soluciones: una darle un abordaje como un problema de salud y excluirlo del derecho penal y otra, mantener la línea tradicional, en la cual se faculta al derecho penal sancionar la conducta delictiva, imponiendo una medida de seguridad. Si se admite la primera posición, la normativa aplicable lo constituye el Código de la Niñez y la Adolescencia, el cual contempla la posibilidad de imponer medidas de protección para quienes están en una situación de vulnerabilidad, dentro de las que se ubican los casos de inimputables y toxicómanos, esto implica admitir medidas de "seguridad o protección" con una naturaleza jurídica de carácter administrativo. Posición que implicaría no sólo una vulneración de derechos sino que contraviene lo señalado por Sala Constitucional, la cual al desarrollar el alcance del artículo 39 de la Constitución Política, ha señalado que la imposición de las sanciones y por ende de las medidas de seguridad gozan de la garantía de la reserva de ley, destacando su naturaleza jurisdiccional y exclusivamente ante la comisión de delitos. La única solución posible en aras del respeto de esta reserva legal, es aplicar, conforme al artículo 9 de la Ley de Justicia Penal Juvenil la legislación penal de adultos y admitir la imposición de medidas de seguridad en la justicia penal juvenil.
Currently, there has been an arduous discussion about penalties in juvenile criminal law, topic which becomes especially relevant when we are faced to criminal conducts from people who are underage, in which their condition of not guilty or drug addict has been determined from the conclusions of respective expertise. The question leads up to two possible solutions: first, face it like a health problem and exclude it from criminal law; second, keep the traditional line, in which the criminal law can punish the criminal conduct, imposing a security measure. If we admit the first solution, the laws applicable are the Code of Childhood and Adolescence, contemplating the possibility of applying protection measures towards those who are in a vulnerable situation, in which we would put the cases of the not guilty and the drug addicts; this would imply admitting "security or protection" measures with a juridical nature of administrative sort. Position that would imply not only a weakening of rights, but would also violate what the Constitutional Chamber has said, when studying the scope of Article 39 of the Political Constitution, that the imposition of punishments and security measures have the guarantee of law reserve, which makes its nature jurisdictional and exclusive to when a crime is committed. The only possible solution, in order to respect this law reserve, is to apply, according to Article 9 of the Law of Juvenile Criminal Justice, the legislation applicable to adults and to admit the imposition of security measures in juvenile criminal justice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior , Legislation , Security Measures , Costa Rica , Forensic MedicineABSTRACT
White mice and Wistar mice were caused addiction by injecting morphine subcutaneously with increasing dosage for 7 days, starting with 20mg of morphine to 100mg morphine per kilogram of body weight. The animals were treated with Cedemex, Fuzheng koufuye and at the same time saline solution and morphine are administrated for 2 compared groups. Medicines were pumped into their stomach twice daily for 3 consecutive days in white mice and 26 days in Wistar mice. The results show that compared to Fuzheng koufuye medicine produced in Habei of China, Cedemex is very effective in preventing weight lost in addiction. It was clear that Cedemex reduced all symptoms of drug starve for these animals. In 2 mice groups, Cedemex and Fuzheng koufuye could similarly help gain the weight, however, Cedemex seems working faster than the Fuzheng koufuye.
Subject(s)
Mice , Substance-Related Disorders , Body Weight , Animal ExperimentationABSTRACT
The prevalence of right-sided infective endocarditis is increasing with a growing number of intravenous drug abusers. A case of right-sided endocarditis is reported in a 18-year-old female heroin addict. Tricuspid valve vegetation, septic pulmonary emboli and staphyloccus aureus in blood cultures are noted. During antimicrobial therapy, she developed remittent fever and skin rash due to vancomycin. After a change of the antibiotic to teicoplanin, she was freed from fever and discharged in an improved condition.