ABSTRACT
To dig out and analyze the drug rule of COVID-19 prevention prescriptions from provinces and cities by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System, summarize and explore its potential new prescription. The Chinese medicine prevention programs for COVID-19 were collected and searched from the official website of the Health Commission and State Administration Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the country and provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. TCM prevention programs in 17 provinces including Heilongjiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Hubei, and Hunan, etc were received. A total of 82 herbs were included in 64 prescriptions, the most frequently used Chinese herbs were Astragalus membranaceus, Lonicera japonica, etc. Tonifying deficiency drugs with sweet and warm natures were used the most, the Chinese herbs distributed in the lung channel was the most in channel tropism drugs. Analysis by association rule, eight combinations of commonly used drugs were obtained. Based on entropy clustering method rule analysis, seven potential new prescriptions were obtained. Tonifying deficiency drugs are often used in various places to prevent COVID-19, focusing on the lung, spleen and stomach. Although the specific details are different, they all reflect the preventive thinking of traditional Chinese medicine.
ABSTRACT
A pesquisa desenvolvida apresenta análise do tratamento penal dado à usuários de drogas e traficantes no contexto do marco jurídico brasileiro de controle de substâncias toxicológicas ilícitas consubstanciado na Lei Federal nº 11.343, de 23 de agosto de 2006 (Nova Lei de Drogas). Para tanto, foram coletados dados clínicos e sociais em 110 laudos médicos emitidos no estado do Rio de Janeiro no ano de 2014 pelos médicos peritos vinculados ao Instituto de Perícias Heitor Carrilho (IPHC). Também foram coletados dados de caráter jurídico nas respectivas sentenças emitidas para estes acusados (86 sentenças disponíveis e 1 decisão de suspensão condicionada do processo). A análise descritiva dos dados coletados na documentação citada foi realizada através do software Excel. Através de tabulações simples, esta pesquisa apresenta o perfil desta população, que é composta por pessoas presas por porte ilegal de drogas sob a acusação de tráfico de drogas, e que solicitaram laudos médico-periciais no decorrer do processo criminal para comprovação da sua dependência em drogas. A pesquisa desenvolvida possibilitou, ainda, o mapeamento da aplicação da Nova Lei de Drogas na realidade social do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Concluímos que, conforme amplamente discutido no meio político e acadêmico, a não definição clara e precisa de quem é usuário de drogas e quem é traficante na atual legislação criminal brasileira, além de reforçar o poder discricionário da autoridade policial, responsável pelos flagrantes que embasam as denúncias processuais, terminam por reforçar mecanismos de controle social e repressão da população mais pobre. Ademais, demonstramos que as informações provenientes dos laudos médico-periciais são pouco utilizadas nas sentenças judiciais, sendo exceção a avaliação de imputabilidade / inimputabilidade do acusado.
The research carried out presents an analysis of the criminal treatment given to drug users and traffickers in the context of the Brazilian legal framework for the control of illicit toxicological substances, embodied in Federal Law No. 11,343, of August 23, 2006 (New Drug Law). For that, clinical and social data were collected in 110 medical reports issued in the state of Rio de Janeiro in the year 2014 by expert physicians linked to the Heitor Carrilho Institute of Expertise (IPHC). Also legal data were collected in the respective sentences issued to these accused (86 available sentences and 1 decision of conditioned suspension of the process). The descriptive analysis of the data collected in the cited documentation was performed through Excel software. Through simple tabulations, this research presents the profile of this population, which is composed of people arrested for illegal possession of drugs on the charge of drug trafficking, and who requested medical-expert reports in the course of the criminal process to prove their dependence on Drugs. The research developed also allowed the mapping of the application of the New Drug Law in the social reality of the state of Rio de Janeiro. We conclude that, as widely discussed in the political and academic circles, the lack of clear and precise definition of who is a drug user and who is a trafficker in the current Brazilian criminal law, besides reinforcing the discretionary power of the police authority, responsible for the blatant Procedural denunciations, end up reinforcing mechanisms of social control and repression of the poorest population. In addition, we have shown that the information from the medical-expert reports is little used in the judicial sentences, except for the evaluation of imputability / imputability of the accused.
Subject(s)
Humans , Criminal Law , Drug Trafficking , Drug Users , Legislation, Drug , Expert Testimony , Public Health , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
This study was aimed to collect relevant provisions of bulging disease medical records in the Ming and Qing dynasties to excavate the syndrome differentiation, drug law and medication frequency analysis. A database was established to analyze relevant provisions. The results showed that the syndromes of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency, dampness-heat accumulation, spleen-yang deficiency are the most common type. The mainly used drugs are from the category to eliminate dampness and water, and to tonify the deficiency. The top three used drugs are poria, atractylodes, and dried citrus peel. It was concluded that medications used in the Ming and Qing dynasties were mainly targeted to the disordered zangfu-organ, which was mainly about the spleen and the stomach. The syn-drome differentiation is the mixture of deficiency and excess. And deficiency is the main part. The medication should combine tonification and reducing. And tonification should be paid attention to. The syndrome differentiation and treatment should be coordinated and the primary and secondary aspect should be identified. These rules provide ref-erence effect for the clinical practice and scientific research of bulging disease treatment.