ABSTRACT
Background: The orbit is a craniofacial structure that can beaffected by a large number of congenital, traumatic, neoplastic,vascular, and endocrine disorders. Therefore, the presentstudy was conducted to assess dimensions of orbital roof andfloor in dry skulls.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted toassess dimensions of orbital roof and floor in 55 dry skullswhich were collected from the Department of Anatomy,Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre,TMU, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Based on themorphology, skulls were differentiated into 36 male and 19female skulls. The roof length and floor length of the orbit wasmeasured. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzedusing Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 21.0(SPSS, Chicago, IL). The results were considered significantwhen p < 0.05.Results: In the present study total sample size was 55 dryskulls in which 36 were male skulls and 19 were female skulls.In male mean roof length was 5.43 and in female mean rooflength was 4.65. In male mean floor length was 4.81 and infemale mean floor length was 4.76. The right mean roof lengthwas 4.22 and left mean roof length was 4.93. In right meanfloor length was 4.45 and left mean floor length was 4.86.Conclusion: Present study concluded that mean roof lengthand floor length was greater in males. The left roof and floorlength were greater than right roof length.
ABSTRACT
Background: The bony orbit which lodges the visual apparatus is important not only for anatomists but also forophthalmologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons and forensic experts. The objectives of the Present study areto provide the normal reference orbital parameters for the north Indian population.Materials and Methods: The study involved 215 dry skulls (83 female & 132 males) from the department ofanatomy from GSVM Kanpur, KGMC Lucknow, SMC Unnao. Orbital height (OH), orbital width (OW) has been takenof both side skulls in male and female. Orbital index (OI) was calculated by OH/OW × 100= OI. All thesemeasurements are taken by digital vernier caliper.Result: Mean orbital height in male skull was 33.8 ± 1.27, while female skull was having 31.2 ± 0.98. Orbitalwidth was 42.64 ± 2.16 in male and 40.85 ± 2.08 was measured in female and the orbital index was 83.45 and77.96 in male then after in female and these all values are found to be statically highly significant. Whilecomparing the right and left sided skull the height was 32.37 ± 1.08, 30.96 ± 0.85 while breadth was 40.31 ± 2.28and 40.28 ± 2.02 and the orbital index was 80.75 ± 5.60 and 80.67 ± 5.31 founded only orbital height have highlysignificant value and width and index having nonsignifacant value.Conclusion: We can conclude by our study that right orbit and male orbits have higher values In comparison toopposite side and sex having more value. Study also tells that male skull Is categorized under mesoseme andfemale in microseme categories of north Indian populations. It is recommended that further population basedstudies be carried out in different geographical locations
ABSTRACT
Background: The human orbit is a complex anatomic region. Each of its four bony walls has its own uniquefeatures and is perforated by a number of fissures and foramina that carry important nerves and blood vessels.This is an anatomical region which is of clinical & surgical interest to many disciplines like ophthalmology, oraland maxillofocial surgery and neurosurgery. This morphometric study is undertaken to provide the normalreference values of roof and floor of the orbit in south Indian population.Materials and Methods: The study was done on 200 skulls (105 males and 95 females). The length of orbital roofand floor were measured by using manual vernier caliper. All the data obtained were tabulated and analysedstatistically by computing descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation and range. Mann-Whitney testwas done to find out the statistical significance of all parameters of orbits, with respect to gender and side (rightand left side).Results: The results showed that the length of orbital roof and floor were significantly larger in males than infemales. There were no significant differences in between the right and left side orbits.Conclusion: This study has compared the orbital roof and floor length between the genders and between the sidesof the skulls. The prior knowledge of the orbital parameters may help to restore the normal anatomy of the orbitduring maxillofacial and reconstructive surgeries.
ABSTRACT
Background: The human orbit is a complex anatomic region, which plays predominant role in the evaluation of craniofacial complex. The bony orbit which lodges the visual apparatus is important not only for anatomists but also for ophthalmologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons and forensic experts. The objectives of the present study are to provide the normal reference orbital parameters for the South Indian population. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 200 skulls (105 males and 95 females). The orbital height (Ht) and breadth (Br) were measured by using manual vernier caliper. Orbital index was calculated by using the formula Ht /Br x 100. All the data obtained were tabulated and analysed statistically by computing descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation and range. Mann-Whitney test was done to find out the statistical significance of all parameters of orbits, with respect to gender and side (right and left side). Results: The results showed that the height and breadth were significantly larger in males than in females. There were no significant differences in height and breadth between the right and left side orbits. There was no significant difference in OI between the genders and also sides. According to the OI, the studied group of Indian population comes under Mesoseme category. Conclusion: This study provides useful baseline orbital morphometric data of south Indian population, which are very important during plastic surgery, maxillofacial and neurosurgeries and also in the forensic research.
ABSTRACT
Background: Styloid Process (SP) of temporal bone is a spike like process which is usually straight but it can show curvature and concavity. Many important neurovascular structures are adjacent to it. These structures may be compressed due to morphological variations of styloid process when SP abnormally elongated it may pose threat to anesthetist while performing intubation. Methods: Study was carried out on 70 (50 males, 20 females) adult dry skulls. All measurements such as length, direction, thickness at base of styloid process, distance between of two processes, and distance between it and stylomastoid foramen were taken with the help of vernier caliper in millimeters. Results: We found mean length of styloid process in males on right side 17.8 mm and on left 15.4 mm. In females, it was 13 mm on right and 16.8 mm on left side. Average distance between of two styloid processes at base was 68.13 mm in males and 67.42 mm in females. Thickness at the base of styloid process, in males on right 4.53 mm and on left side it was 4.83 mm while in females on right 4.33 mm and on left side it was 5 mm. Conclusions: Neurovascular structures which lie within the territory of styloid process may be compressed due to its anatomical variation. This data may be useful for clinicians, surgeons, radiologists, anesthetists and anatomists as an academic interest.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: a proposta deste artigo é apresentar um modelo laboratorial para aquisição de imagens tomográficas para avaliação tridimensional do procedimento de expansão rápida da maxila (ERM). MÉTODOS: o procedimento de expansão rápida da maxila foi realizado em crânio seco e os exames foram executados em tomógrafo de alta resolução e em tomógrafo de feixe cônico, antes e depois da ERM. RESULTADOS: as imagens obtidas a partir do crânio seco, tomografia computadorizada multislice (TC) e tomografia volumétrica (CBCT) produziram resultados semelhantes para avaliação da abertura da sutura palatina mediana. CONCLUSÃO: a utilização de cortes tomográficos, adquiridos tanto por meio de tomógrafo computadorizado de alta resolução quanto por meio da técnica cone beam, possibilitou a reconstrução 3D da maxila com objetivo de oferecer a real avaliação da abertura intermaxilar.
OBJECTIVE: This paper proposes to present a laboratorial model for acquisition of tomographic images for three-dimensional evaluation of the rapid maxillary expansion procedure. METHODS: The procedure of rapid maxillary expansion was developed using a dry skull and the images were acquired from a multi-slice tomography and a volumetric tomography. The examinations were taken prior to and after the ERM. RESULTS: The images acquired from the skull, multislice computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) had produced similar results. CONCLUSION: The use of tomographic slices, acquired by means of high resolution computerized tomography, as well as the cone beam technique, make possible the three-dimensional reconstruction of the palatomaxillary region in order to offer the real evaluation of the sutural opening.
Subject(s)
Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Palatal Expansion Technique , Dental Informatics , Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The purpose of this investigation was to study the spatial changes of the maxillofacial complex following maxillary protraction transmitted to the center of resistance of a dry juvenile human skull by a modified maxillary protraction appliance. Four dry juvenile human skulls (without mandible) with well aligned upper deciduous dentition and early mixed dentition were used as experimental samples. A modified protraction headgear was fabricated from a Delare's facemask, and following an alginate impression, an orthodontic resin maxillary splint was made for each dry skull. Protraction force level was maintained at approximately 1000gm per side for 6 hours. Cephalometric radiographs were taken pre- and post-protraction, and nine reference markers with 1.5 mm length of .017 x .025 TMA wire were placed on the right side of the skull for an accurate superimposition of serial cephalometric radiographs. The present investigation demonstrated that vertical changes associated with an anterior displacement of the maxillary complex was observed, and the most prominent effect of protraction headgear was a counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla, that is, a forward and downward tipping around the palatomaxillary region.