A CBCT assessment of mandibular bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evlauate the mandibular bone mineral density(BMD) in postmenopausal osteoporotic(PMO) women by cone beam CT(CBCT) and to explore its clinical application.Methods:The BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and mandibular bone of 45 postmenopausal women was examined and calculated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) and CBCT respectively.The subjects were grouped by BMD value of lumbar vertebrae (PMO group,T ≤-2.5;healthy control group,T ≥-1.0).Correlation of CBCT indexes CTI (S),CTI(I) and CTMI with DXA index BMD was analyzed.Results:26 subjects were grouped into PMO (BMD =0.623 ± 0.056) and 19 into healthy control(BMD =0.973 ± 0.055)(P ＜ 0.05).The mandbular BMD in PMO and control groups was 0.776 ± 0.133 and 0.850 ± 0.122 (P ＞ 0.05) respectively.In PMO group all the CBCT indexes of mandibular bone were higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),no correlation was found between the CBCT indexes and BMD (P ＞ 0.05),while the CBCT indexes of the lumbar vertebrae were positively correlated with the BMD (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:CBCT is more sensitive than DXA in the assessment of mandibular BMD in PMO subiects.

Novel equations to predict body fat percentage of Brazilian professional soccer players: a case study / Equações para predição de novo percentual de gordura corporal de jogadores brasileiros profissionais de futebol: um estudo de caso / Ecuaciones nuevas para predecir el porcentaje de grasa corporal de los jugadores brasileños profesionales de fútbol: un estudio de caso

This study analyzed classical and developed novel mathematical models to predict body fat percentage (%BF) in professional soccer players from the South Brazilian region using skinfold thicknesses measurement. Skinfolds of thirty one male professional soccer players (age of 21.48 ± 3.38 years, body mass of 79.05 ± 9.48 kg and height of 181.97 ± 8.11 cm) were introduced into eight mathematical models from the literature for the prediction of %BF; these results were then compared to Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). The classical equations were able to account from 65% to 79% of the variation of %BF in DXA. Statistical differences between most of the classical equations (seven of the eight classic equations) and DXA were found, rendering their widespread use in this population useless. We developed three new equations for prediction of %BF with skinfolds from: axils, abdomen, thighs and calves. Theses equations accounted for 86.5% of the variation in %BF obtained with DXA...

"Equações para predição de novo percentual de gordura corporal de jogadores brasileiros profissionais de futebol: Um estudo de caso." O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e desenvolver novas equações para predição do percentual de gordura corporal (%G) em atletas profissionais de futebol do sul do Brasil usando medidas de dobras cutâneas. Dobras cutâneas de trinta e um atletas profissionais de futebol do sexo masculino (idade de 21,48 ± 3,38 anos, massa corporal de 79,05 ± 9,48 kg e estatura de 181,97 ± 8,11 cm) foram aplicadas em oito modelos matemáticos existentes na literatura para predizer o %G e comparados com valores de %G obtidos pela absortometria de raios-X de dupla energia (DXA). As equações clássicas levaram em conta 65 a 79% da variação do %G no DXA. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre sete das oito equações clássicas e DXA. Foram desenvolvidas três novas equações para predição do %G usando as dobras: Axilar, abdominal, coxa, e panturrilha. Estas equações levaram em conta 86,5% da variação do %G do DXA...

"Ecuaciones nuevas para predecir el porcentaje de grasa corporal de los jugadores brasileños profesionales de fútbol: Un estudio de caso." El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las ecuaciones clásicas y nuevos modelos matemáticos para predecir el porcentaje de grasa corporal (% bf) en el futbolista brasileño del sur, utilizando espesores mediciones de pliegues cutáneos. Los bordes/ pliegues cutáneos de 31 jugadores hombres de fútbol profesional (edad de 21,48 ± 3,38 años, la masa corporal de 79,05 ± 9,48 kg y altura de 181.97 ± 8.11 cm) se introdujeron en ocho modelos matemáticos de literatura para la predicción del% BF; estos resultados fueron comparados con los rayos X de energía dual absorciometría (DXA). Las ecuaciones clásicas fueron capaces de dar cuenta del 65% al ​​79% de la variación del% BF en DXA. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre la mayor parte de las ecuaciones clásicas (es decir, siete de ocho ecuaciones clásicas) y DXA, haciendo su uso generalizado en esta población sea inútil. Nosotros sugerimos tres nuevas ecuaciones para la predicción del% BF con pliegues desde: axilas, abdomen, muslos y la pantorrilla. Estas ecuaciones representaron el 86,5% de la variación en% GC obtenidos con DXA...

Resistance training improves body composition and increases matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity in biceps and gastrocnemius muscles of diet-induced obese rats

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the influence of resistance training on body composition and matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity in skeletal muscles of rats fed a high-fat diet. METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8/each) according to diet and exercise status: Control (standard diet), Obese Control (high-fat diet), Resistance Training (standard diet) and Obese Resistance Training (high-fat diet) groups. Animals were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to promote excessive weight gain. Resistance Training groups performed 12 weeks of training periods after this period in a vertical ladder three times/week. Fat percentage, fat-free mass and fat mass were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity in biceps and gastrocnemius muscles was analyzed using zymography. RESULTS: Resistance training significantly reduced body and fat masses and fat percentages in both trained groups (p<0.05). The maximal carrying load between trained groups was not different, but relative force was higher in the Resistance Training group (p<0.05). Of note, increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity was noted in the tested muscles of both trained groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, altered body composition and muscle matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity promoted by excessive weight gain were positively modified by resistance training. .

The Influence of Exogenous Fat and Water on Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Volunteers

PURPOSE: Changes in human body composition can affect the accuracy of spine bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether fat and water in the soft tissue of the abdomen influence lumbar spine BMD measurements obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Duplicate BMD measurements were carried out on healthy volunteers (10 men and 10 women) and the Hologic anthropomorphic spine phantom had on the same day before and after placement of following 3 materials in the abdominal area: lard 900 g, 1.5 cm thick; oil 1.4 liters in a vinyl bag; and water 1.2 liters in a vinyl bag. RESULTS: In the case of human participants, following the placement of exogenous water to mimic extracellular fluid (ECF), there was a significant decrease in lumbar spine BMD (-0.012 g/cm2, p=0.006), whereas the placement of exogenous lard and oil to mimic abdominal fat produced a slight increase in lumbar spine BMD (0.006 g/cm2, p=0.301; 0.008 g/cm2, p=0.250, respectively). The average percentage of lumbar spine BMD change with and without exogenous lard, oil, and water showed increase of 0.51%, and 0.67%, and decrease of 1.02%, respectively. Using the phantom, BMD decreased with the placement of both lard (-0.002 g/cm2, p=0.699) and water (-0.006 g/cm2, p=0.153); however, there was no difference in BMD after oil placement. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in cases where changes in fat and ECF volume are similar, ECF exerts a greater influence than fat on DXA lumbar BMD measurements.

Densidade mineral óssea de crianças e adolescentes com hipotireoidismo congênito / Bone mineral density of children and adolescents with congenital hypothyroidism

Realizou-se estudo transversal com 60 pacientes (9,9 ± 1,8 anos) com hipotireoidismo congênito (HC) (grupo A): 40 meninas (23 pré-púberes) e 20 meninos (18 pré-púberes), com grupo controle (grupo B) constituído por 28 indivíduos (10,4 ± 2,1 anos): 18 meninas (8 pré-púberes) e 10 meninos (9 pré-púberes). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a densidade (DMO) e o conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO) e correlacioná-los com idade cronológica e óssea (IO), sexo, maturação sexual, dose de l-T4, TSH, TT4, FT4, e etiologia do HC. IO, DMO e CMO de corpo total (DXA) foram obtidos dos 2 grupos; TSH, TT4 e FT4, apenas dos pacientes. DMO foi menor no grupo A (0,795 ± 0,075 g/cm² vs. 0,832 ± 0,092; p = 0,04) e maior nas meninas púberes do que nas pré-púberes (p = 0,004). Não houve diferença significativa de DMO e CMO quanto ao sexo e etiologia do HC. Nosso estudo mostra que a DMO foi significativamente menor no grupo com HC, diferente dos dados da literatura.

A cross sectional study was made on 60 patients (9.9 ± 1.8 yr-old) with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) (group A): 40 girls (23 prepubertal) and 20 boys (18 prepubertal). Control group (group B) was constituted of 28 healthy children (10.4 ± 2.1 yr-old): 18 girls (8 prepubertal) and 10 boys (9 prepubertal). AIMS: To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) and to correlate them with chronological and bone age (BA), sex, sexual maturation, l-T4 dose, TSH, TT4, FT4, and CH etiology. BA, total body BMD, and BMC (DXA) were obtained of both groups. TSH, TT4, and FT4 were measured in patients only. BMD was lower in group A (0.795 ± 0.075 g/cm² vs. 0.832 ± 0.092; p = 0.04) and higher in pubertal than in prepubertal girls (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference between BMD and BMC related to sex and CH etiology. Our data demonstrated that BMD was significantly lower in children with CH, different from what has been published in the literature.

Correlation between Forearm Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in Japanese Females Aged 18--40 years

Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between forearm bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI), and body composition focusing on body fat percentage (BF%) in Japanese females 18 to 40 years old. Methods: Subjects were 2,280 females 18–40 years old. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and a medical history was obtained by questionnaire, including age at the time of the study and age at menarche. BF% was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Forearm BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The correlations of BMD with BMI and BF% were analyzed using a structural equation model. Results: The standardized regression coefficients for the path from BMI to BMD and the path from BF% to BMD were 0.538 and −0.184 respectively. The squared multiple correlation of BMD was 0.146. In addition, the standardized regression coefficient for the path from BMI to BF% was 0.896. Conclusion: The results showed a positive correlation between BMD and BMI and an inverse correlation between BMD and BF%. At the same time, it was noted that BF% increased with BMI. This indicated that BMD is dependant on BF% in subjects who have a similar BMI. Therefore, this study concluded that it is necessary to take body composition measurements into account when examining the relationship between BMI and BMD, especially in young females.

Correlation between forearm bone mineral density and body composition in Japanese females aged 18-40 years

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between forearm bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI), and body composition focusing on body fat percentage (BF%) in Japanese females 18 to 40 years old.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subjects were 2,280 females 18-40 years old. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and a medical history was obtained by questionnaire, including age at the time of the study and age at menarche. BF% was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Forearm BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The correlations of BMD with BMI and BF% were analyzed using a structural equation model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The standardized regression coefficients for the path from BMI to BMD and the path from BF% to BMD were 0.538 and -0.184 respectively. The squared multiple correlation of BMD was 0.146. In addition, the standardized regression coefficient for the path from BMI to BF% was 0.896.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results showed a positive correlation between BMD and BMI and an inverse correlation between BMD and BF%. At the same time, it was noted that BF% increased with BMI. This indicated that BMD is dependant on BF% in subjects who have a similar BMI. Therefore, this study concluded that it is necessary to take body composition measurements into account when examining the relationship between BMI and BMD, especially in young females.</p>

The bone mineral densities in Korean postmenopausal women: a comparison between natural and surgically induced menopause / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bone mineral density(BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: We performed the retrospective study for 1,508 postmenopausal women who had menopause after 40 years of age and didn't take any hormonal agent before measuring bone mineral density. Spinal and femur neck BMD were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA, Lunar Co.). RESULTS: The mean age of the study subjects was 53.7+/-5.7 years and the average BMD of the lumbar spine(L2-L4; L24) and femur neck(FN) were 0.996+/-0.173 g/cm(2) and 0.821+/-0.133 g/cm(2), respectively. Of all subjects, 44.1%(665/1,508) had osteopenia and 14.7%(222/1,508) were already osteoporotic. The prevalence of osteoporosis increased with age; 5.2% in 41-50 years of age, 15.6% in fifties, 32.5% in sixties, and 45.5% in over 70 years of age. There was no significant difference in the age-adjusted BMD between naturally menopausal women(n=828) and surgically menopausal women(n=78). The mean age at menopause of surgically menopausal women was significantly younger than that of naturally menopausal women(47.6+/-3.6 vs 49.2+/-3.5). Duration of menopause, body weight, and height were revealed to be the significant risk factors for osteoporosis. The annual bone loss rates in lumbar spine and femur neck were 1.2% and 1.1% respectively in naturally menopausal women, and 1.5% and 1.2% in surgically menopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: This study established the BMD curve and regression equation in Korean postmenopausal women according to the causes of menopause. There was no significant difference in the mean BMD and the prevalence of osteoporosis between naturally and surgically menopausal women. Duration of menopause, body weight, and height were found to be the risk factors which influence the development of the osteoporosis. So the postmenopausal women who are at increased risks of developing osteoporosis need more active interventions for preventing the osteoporotic fracture.