Clinical effect of laparoscopy, choledochoscopy, and duodenoscopy combined with T-tube-free drainage in treatment of gallstones with common bile duct stones / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopy, choledochoscopy, and duodenoscopy combined with T-tube-free drainage in the treatment of gallstones with common bile duct stones. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 564 patients with gallstones and common bile duct stones who were admitted to Department of General Surgery, Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, from December 2017 to December 2019. According to the surgical procedure, the patients were divided into laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE) group with 191 patients, three endoscopies+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and primary suture (LBEPS) group with 138 patients, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)+endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)/endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD)+laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) group with 235 patients. The three groups were analyzed in terms of the general data including sex, age, bile duct diameter, and stone size/number, and surgical condition and complications were compared between groups. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsThere were significant differences between the LBEPS group, the ERCP+EST/EPBD+LC group and the LTCBDE group in hospital costs, drainage volume, time to first flatus, length of hospital stay and time to extraction of drainage tube (F=416.40, 7.80, 33.99, 143.70, and 13.08, P＜0.001, P=0.020, P＜0.001, P＜0.001, and P＜0.001). Compared with the LBEPS group and ERCP+EST/EPBD+LC groups, the LTCBDE group had significantly lower hospital costs and a significantly longer time to first flatus, and significantly shorter length of hospital stay and time to extraction of drainage tube(all P＜0.05). No serious complication was observed after surgery, and there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of complications between the three groups (P＞0.05). All patients were discharged successfully after surgery. ConclusionThe three minimally invasive surgical procedures combined with T-tube-free drainage achieve the goal of little trauma and pain, fast postoperative recovery, and few serious complications, among which LTCBDE has the lowest treatment costs and the best postoperative recovery.

Should asymptomatic young men with iron deficiency anemia necessarily undergo endoscopy?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There has been no evidence for the necessity of endoscopy in asymptomatic young men with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). To determine whether endoscopy should be recommended in asymptomatic young men with IDA, we compared the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) lesions between young men (< 50 years) with IDA and those without IDA. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study on asymptomatic young men aged < 50 years who underwent both esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy as part of a health checkup between 2010 and 2014. RESULTS: Of 77,864 participants, 128 (0.16%) had IDA and 512 subjects without IDA were matched for several variables including age. Young men with IDA had a significantly higher proportion of colorectal cancer (CRC) (0.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.045), villous adenoma (0.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.045), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; 2.3% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.025) than those without IDA. Additionally, the prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN) tended to be higher in subjects with IDA than in those without IDA (3.1% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.084). The prevalence of significant lower GI lesions including ACRN and IBD was higher in subjects with IDA than in those without IDA (5.5% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.011). Regarding upper GI lesions, a positive association with IDA was observed only for gastric ulcer (4.7% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: GI lesions including CRC, villous adenoma, IBD, and gastric ulcer were more common in asymptomatic young men with IDA. Our results suggest that EGD and particularly colonoscopy should be recommended even in asymptomatic young men with IDA.

Safety analysis of gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients undergoing intravenous anesthesia / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the safety of gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients undergoing intravenous anesthesia .Methods 130 patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy were selected .The patients were divided into the elderly group ( A group):65 to 75 years old,65 cases,and young group ( B group):30 to 65 years old,65 cases.The vital signs ( including heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation ), anesthesia time, consciousness recovery time,dosage, patients 'experience and adverse reaction were analyzed in the same group of fentanyl combined with propofol intravenous anesthesia .Results (1)Intravenous anesthesia,the blood pressure,heart rate of the two groups decreased in varying degrees ,compared between before examination and during examination in the two groups,there were no statistically significant differences in A group (t=0.11,0.67,0.73,all P>0.05),and there were no statistically significant differences in B group (t =0.27,0.83,1.82,all P>0.05).In the surgery, 1 case of heart rate dropped to 50 times/min below in A group and B group;In A group,1 case of SBP decreased by 30％ of baseline blood pressure before examination ,and B group did not show 30％reduction in SBP before reaching baseline blood pressure .Intravenous anesthesia had greater impact on SpO 2 in elderly patients , and with age increased,the incidence increased, after symptomatic treatment, SpO2 immediately rebounded, and successfully completed the inspection.(2)In A group,the anesthesia time was (16.75 ±5.76)min,the conscious recovery time was (3.51 ±0.69)min,the propofol dosage was (72.43 ±19.58)mg.In B group,the anesthesia time was (15.96 ± 6.58)min,conscious recovery time was (2.98 ±0.71)min,the propofol dosage was (71.67 ±20.49)mg,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (t=1.85,1.57,1.96,all P>0.05),but the amount of A group was more than that of B group,indicated that with age increased,the dosage decreased.(3)The patients of the two groups underwent intravenous anesthesia under the gastrointestinal endoscopy could achieve satisfactory anesthesia sedative effect ,and safe to complete the examination .And no bleeding ,perforation and even death and other serious adverse consequences were observed .Conclusion In the strict control of indications and close observation , elderly patients undergoing anesthesia under the gastrointestinal endoscopy is safe ,comfortable and feasible .

Anemia crónica grave por Ancylostoma duodenale en Ecuador: diagnóstico por duodenoscopia / Chronic and severe anemia caused by Ancylostoma duodenale in Ecuador: diagnosis by duodenoscopy

Resumen Durante 11 años un varón de 38 años de edad, residente en una región subtropical de Ecuador, había sido diagnosticado de anemia crónica y tratado con transfusiones de sangre en un hospital de la provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Fue transferido a Quito por una anemia grave, con hemoglobina de 4 g/dL. Se realizó una duodenoscopia en que se observaron nemátodos adultos, identificados posteriormente como Ancylostoma duodenale. El paciente fue tratado exitosamente con albendazol durante cinco días consecutivos y transfusiones de sangre. En el seguimiento a los ocho meses, no se encontró anemia ni huevos de anquilostomas en el examen de heces.

For 11 years, a 38-year-old male residing in a subtropical region of Ecuador, was repeatedly diagnosed with chronic anemia, and treated with blood transfusions in a hospital of province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. He was transferred to Quito for severe anemia, having hemoglobin of 4 g/dL. Duodenoscopy was performed and adult nematodes, identified later as Ancylostoma duodenale, were observed. The patient was successfully treated with albendazole for five consecutive days and given blood transfusions. In the control visit at eight months, without anemia and no hookworm ova in the stool examined were found.

Endoscopic papillotomy and nasobiliary drainage during the course of common bile duct exploration: a report of 219 cases / 中华肝胆外科杂志

To explore the operation methods and indications of the duodenoscopic papillotomy (IEST) with endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (IENBD) for the treatment of duodenal papilla stenosis during the course of common bile duct operation.The clinical data of 219 cases of cholecystolithiasis with choledocholith and the stenosis of papillary underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy (IEST) plus endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (IENBD) in the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu were retrospectively analyzed.It was successful in 198 cases who had the gallbladder and common bile duct stones removed,and endoscopic papillary dissection was performed and the nasobiliary tube was successfully inserted.Nasobiliary drainage was successful in 186 cases (93.9％) of 198 cases.No liquid outflow was observed in nasobiliary drainage in 7 cases (3.5％).Nasal bile duct slipped early in 5 case (2.5％).Primary closure of bile duct incision was completed in 198 cases.It failed in 4 cases (2.0％) who had the bile leakage with primary closure of duct incision.Mild pancreatitis after operation occurred in 3 cases (1.5％).Nose bile duct ligation was performed in 1 case (0.5％).The overall postoperative complication rate was 4.0％ (8/198).IEST + IENBD in open laparotomy was successful in 21 cases.No perforation of intestine and bile duct,bleeding,severe pancreatitis and other complications and death were detected postoperatively in two groups.During the course of laparoscopy and open laparotomy,IEST + IENBD in treating cholecystolithiasis with choledocholith and the stenosis of papillary and primary closure of duct incision after the endoscopic nasobiliary drainage is safe and effective.

Application of colonoscopy in treating choledocholith for patients with Billroth-Ⅱ gastroenterestomy / 中华肝胆外科杂志

A retrospective study was conducted based on the clinical data of 15 choledocholith patients after Billroth-Ⅱgastroenterestomy who were treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) through colonoscopy or duodenoscopy.It showed that choledocholith removed by colonoscopy for patients with Billroth-Ⅱ gastroenterestomy can achieve comparable therapeutic effect,but this method can reduce the operation difficulty,shorten the operation time and significantly increase the success rate.

Comparison of laparoscopic papillary dilation and Endoscopic sphincterotomy with small incision treating fine stones in common bile duct with stricture of oddi sphincter / 中国内镜杂志

Objective Analyze and compare the clinical data of patients with choledocholithiasis combined with benign biliary stricture and Oddi sphincter received laparoscopic percutaneous endoscopic dilation of duodenal papilla and endoscopic sphincterotomy, to explore the clinical experience and investigate the safety and superiority of laparoscopic papillary dilatation and the clinical value in extending the first phase suturing.. Methods From January 2016 to January 2017, 60 patients with choledocholithiasis combined with Oddi sphincter received laparoscopic nipple expansion (30 cases, Group L) and the others received endoscopic sphincterotomy (30 cases, Group E). All the patients clinical data was retrospectively compared and analyzed to explore the clinical experience. Results All operation were successfully performed with no perioperative deaths occurred.. By comparison of the clinical data before and after surgery, we learned that the changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), direct bilirubin and postoperative biliary tract bleeding has no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05), while the operation time, the changes of blood amylase and lipase, postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms, postoperative pancreatitis, gastrointestinal function recovery time has statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). There has one self-healing bile leakage case in Group L thanks to routine placement of abdominal drainage tube intraoperatively. The patients gastrointestinal function recovered quick and not suffered pancreatitis because of there's no incision of nipple sphincter. Conclusion Laparoscopic papillary dilation reflects its superiority for not increase postoperative liver function damage, DBIL abnormalities, residual stones, biliary tract bleeding and biliary stricture, while can effectively decrease the incidence of complications such as postoperative pancreatitis, bile reflux and gastrointestinal symptoms. It is safe and effective with less postoperative complications in appropriately application in treatment of fine diameter common bile duct stones with sphincter of Oddi stenosis.

Comparison of laparoscopic papillary dilation and Endoscopic sphincterotomy with small incision treating fine stones in common bile duct with stricture of oddi sphincter / 中国内镜杂志

Objective Analyze and compare the clinical data of patients with choledocholithiasis combined with benign biliary stricture and Oddi sphincter received laparoscopic percutaneous endoscopic dilation of duodenal papilla and endoscopic sphincterotomy, to explore the clinical experience and investigate the safety and superiority of laparoscopic papillary dilatation and the clinical value in extending the first phase suturing.. Methods From January 2016 to January 2017, 60 patients with choledocholithiasis combined with Oddi sphincter received laparoscopic nipple expansion (30 cases, Group L) and the others received endoscopic sphincterotomy (30 cases, Group E). All the patients clinical data was retrospectively compared and analyzed to explore the clinical experience. Results All operation were successfully performed with no perioperative deaths occurred.. By comparison of the clinical data before and after surgery, we learned that the changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), direct bilirubin and postoperative biliary tract bleeding has no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05), while the operation time, the changes of blood amylase and lipase, postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms, postoperative pancreatitis, gastrointestinal function recovery time has statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). There has one self-healing bile leakage case in Group L thanks to routine placement of abdominal drainage tube intraoperatively. The patients gastrointestinal function recovered quick and not suffered pancreatitis because of there's no incision of nipple sphincter. Conclusion Laparoscopic papillary dilation reflects its superiority for not increase postoperative liver function damage, DBIL abnormalities, residual stones, biliary tract bleeding and biliary stricture, while can effectively decrease the incidence of complications such as postoperative pancreatitis, bile reflux and gastrointestinal symptoms. It is safe and effective with less postoperative complications in appropriately application in treatment of fine diameter common bile duct stones with sphincter of Oddi stenosis.

Clinical analysis of duodenoscopy combined with laparoscopy in treatment of patients with acute biliary pan-creatitis / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of endoscope and laparoscope in treatment of acutebiliary pancreatitis.Methods 84 patients with acute biliary pancreatitis from January 2010 to January 2014 in our hospital during treatment were randomly divided into the study group and control group according to the random num-ber table methods,42 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conservative treatment of department of internal medicine,while the study group was treated with duodenoscopy combined with laparoscopy.To observe and compare the efficacy and adverse reactions of two groups.Results Temperature returned to normal time,abdominal pain relief time,recovery time of amylase in urine,recovery time of biochemical index,hospitalization time and cost of hospitalization of the study group after treatment were (3.44 ±1.63)d,(4.73 ±1.12)d,(7.82 ±3.31)d,(9.81 ± 6.42)d,(12.43 ±4.61 )d,which were significantly lower than (5.94 ±2.43)d,(7.53 ±2.12)d,(11.72 ± 2.21)d,(18.41 ±8.62)d,(20.33 ±6.21)d of the control group(t =3.90,4.02,4.26,4.50,5.01,all P <0.05). 2 cases of the study group occured biliary tract bleeding,2 cases with pancreatic pseudocyst,1 case with wound infec-tion,there was no recurrence,the incidence rate of adverse reaction was 11.90%;3 cases of the control group after treatment occurred pancreatic pseudocyst,2 cases with abdominal cysts,5 cases with recurrence,1 case with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),1 case with renal failure,the incidence rate of adverse reactions was 28.57%, which of the control group was significantly higher than the study group (χ2 =4.21,P <0.05 ).Conclusion Duodenal endoscopy combined with laparoscopy has good clinical effect,shorter hospitalization time,less cost,less adverse reaction and the recurrence rate is low in treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis,which has high application value.

Application of simultaneous self-expandable metal stents for palliation of malignant biliary and duodenal obstruction / 天津医药

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the application of simultaneous metal stents for treatment of biliary and duodenal obstruction. Methods A retrospective review of clinical data in 32 patients underwent simultaneous placement of biliary and duodenal metal stent was performed. Changes of bilirubin and liver function indexes were observed before and after treatment in patients. Results The biliary stent placement and duodenal stent placement were successively performed in all patients. The indexes of liver function were improved, and the symptoms were relieved. Conclusion The combined self-expandable metal stenting for biliary and duodenal obstruction is a safe and effective treatment method.

Synchronous treatment of combined choledochoscopy, duodenoscopy and laparoscopy for management-failed biliary calculi / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To summarize the experience of applying choledochoscopy, duodenoscopy and laparoscopy, one-stage suturing of common bile duct, to treat cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis that failed to respond to ordinary endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of twenty-five pa-tients with choledocholithiasis complicated with cholecystolithiasis. 25 cases of failure to endoscopic stone extraction underwent LC and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with primary suture of (BD) from June 2013 to June 2015. Results One patient was converted to laparotomy with small incision. The other one had residual stones and therefore underwent a second EST. After the treatment, two patients developed hyperamylasemia, which was cured by conservative therapy; One patient had bile leakage, which was treated by percutaneous drainage with no serious complications and death. No long-term complication was found in a portion of patients followed up until now. Conclusion In properly selected patients of duodenoscopy management-failed, synchronous treatment of combined application of three endoscopies in laparoscopic surgery with primary suture of (BD) is feasible, effective and safe.

Clinical efficacy of combined three-endoscopic minimally invasive surgical treatment of extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis in 2 364 patients / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the indications and clinical efficacy of combined application of laparoscope,choledochoscope and duodenoscope in the treatment of extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis.Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The chnical data of 2 364 patients with extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis who were admitted to the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2008 to December 2015 were collected.Of the 2 364 patients,861 patients had cholecystolithiasis combined with extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis and the diameter of common bile duct ≥ 8 mm,720 patients had cholecystolithiasis combine with extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis and the diameter of common bile duct ＜ 8 mm,783 patients had only extarhepatic cholangiolithiasis.In the patients diagnosed as cholecystolithiasis combined with extrahepatic changiolithiasis,laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) + laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) were applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct≥8 mm,and the T-tube placement or primary suture was used intraoperatively according to the status of individualized patients;endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) or endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) + LC were applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct ＜ 8 mm.For patients with only extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis or recurrent stones after cholecystectomy,EST or EPBD was applied,and LCBDE was applied to patients with multiple stones and maximum diameter ＞ 2 cm and unsuitable for EST or EPBD.If residual stones were found after operation in patients with T-tube placement,choledochoscope was used to extract stone;otherwise,EST or EPBD was used.Treatment outcomes including treatment method,success rate of minimally invasive lithotomy,operation time,incidence of complication,duration of postoperative hospital stay and treatment expenses,and the results of follow-up including 1-,3-year recurrence rate of stones were recorded.The follow-up was done by outpatient examination and telephone interview till January 2016.All the patients were reexamined blood routine,liver function and color doppler ultrasonography of the abdomen at 1 month,3 months,6 months,1 year and 3 years after operation.Suspected residual cholangiolithiasis found by ultrasound was varified by computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonanced cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) imaging examination.For patients with T-tube placement,CT scan and biliary photography were performed at 2-3 months postoperatively to determine whether residual stones existed and T tube could be pulled out.Measurement data were presented as mean (range).Results Of 2 364 patients,2 271 patients received minimally invasive lithotomy successfully.Of 861 patients of cholecystolithiasis combined with extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis and the diameter of common bile duct≥8 mm,836 succeeded in minimally invasive lithotomy,with a success rate of 97.10％ (836/861),the other 25 patients were converted to open surgery.Seven hundred and three patients of 836 patients received T-tube placement in LCBDE,and the mean operation time,incidence of complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay and treatment expenses were 97 minutes (range,41-167 minutes),3.70％ (26/703),6.7 days (range,3.0-32.0 days) and 3.4 × 104 yuan (range,1.5 × 104-6.7 × 104 yuan),respectively.One hundred and thirtythree patients of 836 patients received primary suture,and the mean operation time,incidence of complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay and treatment expenses were 89 minutes (range,39-123 minutes),3.01％ (4/133),4.1 days (range,2.0-17.0 days),2.1 × 104 yuan (range,1.6 × 104-3.4 × 104 yuan),respectively.Of 720 patients with the diameter of common bile duct ＜ 8 mm who underwent EST or EPBD + LC,687 succeeded in minimally invasive lithotomy,with a success rate of 95.42％ (687/720),the other 33 patients were converted to open surgery.The mean operation time,incidence of complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay and treatment expenses of 687 patients were 101 minutes (range,69-163 minutes),2.91％ (20/687),5.6 days (range,2.0-15.0 days) and 2.8 × 104 yuan (range,2.0 × 104-6.4 × 104 yuan),respectively.In 783 patients with only extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis or recurrent stones after cholecystectomy,701 of 725 patients who were treated with EST or EPBD succeeded in minimally invasive lithotomy,with a success rate of 96.69％ (701/ 725),and the mean operation time,incidence of complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay and treatment expenses of 701 patients were 47 minutes (range,11-79 minutes),2.28％ (16/701),3.7 days (range,2.0-19.0 days),1.7 × 104 yuan (range,1.3 × 104-5.5 × 104 yuan),respectively;47 of 58 patients who were treated with LCBDE succeeded in lithotomy,with a success rate of 81.03％ (47/58),and the mean operation time,incidence of complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay and treatment expenses were 124 minutes (range,94-170 minutes),8.51％ (4/47),7.9 days (range,5.0-21.0 days) and 3.8 × 104 yuan (range,2.3 × 104-7.9 × 104 yuan),respectively.Of 2 364 patients,2 207 were followed up for a mean time of 38 months (range,1-72 months).The 1-,3-year recurrence rates were 2.74％ (19/693) and 5.08％ (24/472) in patients receiving LC + LCBDE,3.10％ (21/677) and 5.69％ (30/527)in patients receiving EST or EPBD +LC for cholecystolithiasis combined with extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis.The 1-,3-year recurrence rates were 3.22％ (20/621) and 6.11％ (25/409) in patients receiving EST or EPBD + LC,7.32％ (3/41) and 11.11％(2/18) in patients receiving LCBDE for only extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis or recurrent stones after cholecystectomy.Conclusions It is safe and effective to treat extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis based on combined application of laparoscope,choledochoscope and duodenoscope,with choosing appropriate indications as the key to improve the therapeutic effect.Primary suture in the LCBDE is recommended because it can protect patients from T-tube placement.

Endoscopic treatment of delayed hemorrhage after endoscopic sphincterotomy / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the effect of endoscopic treatment of delayed hemorrhage after endoscopic sphincterotomy.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the data of 2 638 patients who underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy.There were 26 patients who delayed hemorrhage after endoscopic sphincterotomy.All the 26 patients underwent duodenoscopy,and endoscopic treatment was underwent for the patients who had active bleeding.Results There were 21 patients had active bleeding,and the other 5 cases had no bleeding.There were 12 patients with capillary hemorrhage and 9 cases with petechial hemorrhage.In the 12 patients with capillary hemorrhage,9 patients had been sprayed tissue glue,and 3 patients had been local injected with 1 10 000 noradrenalin.In the 9 patients with petechial hemorrhage,5 patients were treated with titanium clip,and 4 patients were treated with argon ion.All the 21 patients were crued,and no patient was operated and no patient died.Conclusion There are few patients who delayed hemorrhage after endoscopic sphincterotomy.Tissue glue sprayed,local injection,argon ion and titanium clip can cure the bleeding.

Study on the application of low temperature plasma sterilizer for endoscopic disinfection and cost, period of validity / 中国医学装备

Objective: To Study on the application of low temperature plasma sterilizer for endoscopic disinfection and cost, period of validity. Methods: Used duodenum mirrors were collected in December 2012-December 2013 in our department, respectively by low temperature plasma sterilizer with conventional disinfection sterilizer. To compare two methods of sterilization effect and cost, the period of validity. Results: Low temperature plasma sterilizer every time sterilization costs RMB (78.21+7.57), significantly higher than the conventional sterilizer (44.82 5.26) yuan (t=7.71, P<0.05);Low temperature plasma sterilizer sterilization is 5 to 7 months, longer than conventional sterilizer 9-28 d (t=12.50, P<0.05). Conclusion: Low-temperature plasma sterilization method has strong sterilization, temperature, rapid and long shelf life and other advantages, worthy of promotion and application.

Strategy of laparoscopy and choledochoscopy or duodenoscopy for the treatment of cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis / 中华消化外科杂志

Cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis is a common disease.The typical open surgery is challenged by the minimally invasive surgery recently.The minimally invasive surgery combined with laparoscopy and choledochoscopy or duodenoscopy has been accepted widely through analyzing and summarizing comprehensively the current situation of the minimally invasive surgery for cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) +endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) or endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) should be chosen primarily for the patients with cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis and without common bile duct dilatation (common bile duct diameter ＜0.8 cm),and LC + laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration and lithotomy are used under favorable conditions.LC + choledocholithotomy or T tube drainage should be chosen primarily for the patients with cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis and common bile duct dilatation (common bile duct diameter ＞ 0.8 cm).Primary suture of common bile duct should be used with removal of the common bile duct stones,patency of distal common bile duct and recovery function of sphincter of Oddi.The minimally invasive surgery combined with laparoscopy and choledochoscopy or duodenoscopy which is selected reasonably could improve the treatment of cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis and reduce the complications,with a significant clinical efficacy.

Juxtapaillary duodenal diverticula in patients of acute calculous cholangitis / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of juxtapaillary duodenal diverticula (JPDD) in patients of acute calculous cholangitis (AC) with different severity grade.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out for 488 AC cases of different severity from January 2011 to December 2013 who underwent duodenoscopy in Dongyang People's Hospital.Results Of the 488 patients, the JPDD was found in 2.87％, 6.15％ and 4.10％ in patients with mild, moderate and severe AC, respectively.The prevalence of JPDD in severe AC were significantly higher in the moderate and mild AC (x2 =4.486, P =0.034;x2 =14.686, P ＜ 0.001);Procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations in severe AC of JPDD were significantly higher in moderate and mild AC of JPDD (t =10.420 9, P ＜ 0.001;t =4.870 4, P ＜ 0.001).The cannulation failure rate and the amylase were significantly higher in JPDD patients compares to patients without JPDD (x2 =36.95, P ＜ 0.001;t =8.29, P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions JPDD detection rate increases with aging and seems to be associated with acute cholangitis (AC) with different severity grade and PCT concentration.JPDD predicts a higher cannulation failure rate and the amylase level after duodenoscopy.

A Case of a Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in the Ampulla of Vater Incidentally Found on Gastroduodenoscopy

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the ampulla of Vater is a rare disease and there have only been three cases reported in Korea. In these three cases, the patients had symptoms of abdominal pain and jaundice. A biopsy via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography confirmed a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; thus, each patient underwent surgical treatment. Recently, we experienced a case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in an asymptomatic patient. An ulcerative lesion was identified during screening gastroduodenoscopy. Here, we report this case and review the relevant literature.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the duodenum: a clinical analysis of 39 cases / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) of the duodenum.Methods The clinical data of 39 patients with duodenal GISTs from 1992 to 2010 were analysed retrospectively.Results The most common symptoms of duodenal GISTs were alimentary tract hemorrhage,occuring in 18 cases of the 39 cases (46％).Clinical diagnosis established by CT in 22 cases (69％).Duodenoscopy performed in 18 cases established the definite diagnosis of GIST in 15 (83％).Duodenal GISTs were most commonly located in the descending portion of the duodenum in 27/39 cases (69％).All 39 cases received surgical treatment,with R0 resection in 34 cases,including partial resection of the duodenum in 47％ (16/34),pancreaticodenectomy in 35％(12/34),segmental resection of the duodenum in 3 cases,subtotal gastrectomy in 3 cases; One died perioperatively and postoperative complications developed in 9 cases,which were cured by conservative therapy.The 1,3,5 year survival rate was 90％,72％,41％ for those receiving R0 resection.Conclusions The abdominal CT scan with contrast and duodenoscopy are helpful to establish the diagnosis of duodenal GISTs.Surgical procedures depend on the size and site of the lesion for R0 resection.To decrease postoperative recurrence and prolong survival adjuvant therapy with Imatinib is necessary.

Oclusión duodenal por malrotación intestinal en el adulto / Duodenal occlusion by intestinal malrotation in the adult

Los pacientes con malrotación intestinal presentan manifestaciones clínicas en las primeras etapas de la vida, ya sea con un cuadro de obstrucción duodenal por bandas de Ladd o con un vólvulo del intestino medio. La aparición en la edad adulta es poco común, y con frecuencia las consecuencias del diagnóstico tardío son graves. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 62 años, con epigastralgia de 40 años de evolución y vómitos de contenido gastrobiliar postprandial mediato y esporádicos. El seriado radiológico gastroduodenal mostró dilatación duodenal, vaciamiento retardado y localización del ángulo duodenoyeyunal y asas delgadas a la derecha de la columna vertebral. Se diagnosticó oclusión mecánica crónica de intestino delgado alto por malrotación intestinal y bandas de Ladd. La laparotomía evidenció dilatación duodenal, con bandas adherenciales desde el colon ascendente, lo cual provocó una oclusión extrínseca. Se realizó procedimiento quirúrgico de Ladd. Tuvo como complicación un absceso del Douglas postoperatorio que se trató y egresó asintomático

Although it may occur in asymptomatic way, almost all patients with intestinal malrotation present clinical manifestations in early stages of life, either with a picture of duodenal obstruction by Ladd´s bands or with a volvulus of the midgut. The appearance in adulthood is uncommon; frequently the consequences of late diagnosis are often serious.Case report: a 62-year-old male patient, with epigastralgia of 40 years of evolution, mediate and sporadic postprandial gastrobiliary vomiting. The gastroduodenal radiological series showed duodenal dilation, delayed évidement and location of the duodenojejunal flexure and thin ansae to the right of the spine. Chronic mechanical occlusion of upper small intestine by intestinal malrotation and Ladd´s bands was diagnosed. Laparotomy evidenced duodenal dilation, adhesive bands from the ascending colon, which caused an extrinsic occlusion. The patient had a postoperative abscess of Douglas that was treated and he was discharged from hospital asymptomatic

Treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone with laparoscopy and endoscopy / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.Methods The clinical data of 3 16 patients with intraand extrahepatic bile duct stone who were admitted to the Bethune First Hospital from April 2007 to August 2010were retrospectively analyzed.There were 269 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis,10 patients with cholesystolithiasis,choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiagis,and 37 patients with choledocholithiasis.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)+choledochoscopy was applied to patients with hepatolithiasis or with the diameter of common bile duct≥10 mm;endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)+LC or LC+EST was applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct between 10 mm and 5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct<5 mm;LC+laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration(TC-CBDE)+choledochoscopy wag applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct≤5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct≥5 mm.Results The success rate of operation was 96.8%(306/316).A total of 163 patients received LC +LCBDE+T-tube drainage+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 93.6 minutes,2.8×104 yuan and 9.8 days,respectively,and 5 patients had complications postoperatively.Fifty-four patients received EST+LC,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 45.0minutes,6.6 days,2.3×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.Sixty-seven patients received LC+EST,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 40.0minutes,6.1 days,2.4×104 yuan,respectively,and 2 patients had complication postoperatively.Thirty-two patients received one-stage repair of common bile duct and LC+TC-CBDE+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 97.3 minutes,7.3 days and 2.5×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.A total of 272 patients were followed up for 12 months,except for 6 patients with recurrence of common bile duct stone,no residual stone or biliary stricture was etected.Conclusion Combined application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope has advantages of less trauma,quick ecovery and fewer complications in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.