ABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa é constituída por três estudos que investigaram as propriedades psicométricas da adaptação para o português da Escala de Atitudes Disfuncionais para Crianças, instrumento de autorrelato que avalia componentes da vulnerabilidade cognitiva para a depressão em jovens. Crianças e Adolescentes (n = 596; 9 a 16 anos) completaram a escala e outros instrumentos de avaliação de cognições e sintomas depressivos. Foram encontrados bons índices de consistência interna para o instrumento, e correlações moderadas a fracas entre a escala no teste-reteste (n = 225; intervalo médio de 8,3 meses) e os demais instrumentos. Análises fatoriais exploratórias (n = 218) e confirmatórias (n = 378) evidenciaram a estrutura trifatorial. Os resultados apontam a Escala de Atitudes Disfuncionais para Crianças como uma medida adequada de atitudes disfuncionais em jovens.
Three studies investigated the psychometric properties of the adaptation to Portuguese of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale for Children, a self-report instrument that assesses components of cognitive vulnerability to depression in young people. Children and adolescents (n = 596; 9 to 16 years) completed the scale and other cognitions assessment tools and depressive symptoms. There were found good internal consistency indices for the instrument, and moderate to week correlations between the Disfunctional Attitude Scale of Children in the test-retest reliability (n = 225; mean interval of 8.3 months) and with the other instruments. Exploratory (n = 218) and confirmatory (n = 378) factor analysis showed a three factor structure. The results indicate that Dysfunctional Attitude Scale for Children is a suitable measurement of dysfunctional attitudes in young people.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Child , Adolescent , Cognition , DepressionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to explore the occurrence of childhood trauma and importantly to determine the impacts of childhood trauma on psychosocial features in a Chinese sample of young adults. METHODS: A survey was carried out in a group of 555 university students by using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire (DAS), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). The moderate-severe cut-off scores for CTQ were used to calculate the prevalence of childhood trauma, and then psychosocial features were compared between individuals with and without childhood trauma. RESULTS: A proportion of 18.6% of university students had self-reported childhood trauma exposures. Subjects with childhood trauma reported higher scores of SDS, SAS, DAS, and psychoticism and neuroticism dimensions of EPQ (t=4.311–5.551, p < 0.001); while lower scores of SSRS and extraversion dimension of EPQ (t=-4.061– -3.039, p < 0.01). Regression analyses further revealed that scores of SAS and DAS were positively (Adjusted B=0.211–0.230, p < 0.05), while scores of SSRS were negatively (Adjusted B=-0.273– -0.240, p < 0.05) associated with specific CTQ scores. CONCLUSION: Childhood trauma is still a common social and psychological problem. Individuals with childhood trauma show much more depression, anxiety, distorted cognition, personality deficits, and lower levels of social support, which may represent the social and psychological vulnerability for developing psychiatric disorders after childhood trauma experiences.
Subject(s)
Humans , Young Adult , Anxiety , Asian People , Cognition , Depression , Extraversion, Psychological , PrevalenceABSTRACT
The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) is a classic, 40-item measure of dysfunctional schema - a key construct of the cognitive model of depression. However, some controversy exists regarding the factorial structure of the DAS. Accordingly, a revised version of the DAS (hereafter, the DAS-R) has been recently proposed using confirmatory factor analysis and consisting of 17 items. The DAS-R contains two correlated factors: Perfectionism/Performance evaluation and Dependency. In a previous study with a Spanish sample, a hierarchical factor model with these two first-order factors and a general factor showed the best fit of the data. This study analyses the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the DAS-R in a sample of 762 Colombian undergraduates. The results were very similar to the ones obtained in the Spanish sample. The hierarchical factor structure showed the best fit of the data, and the DAS-R showed good internal consistency and discriminant and convergent validity. In conclusion, the DAS-R seems a good option to measure dysfunctional schema in Colombia. Furthermore, the replication of the hierarchical factor structure indicates that the DAS-R provides general and specific measures of dysfunctional schema that are theoretically meaningful.
La Escala de Actitudes Disfuncionales (DAS) es una medida clásica de 40 items de los esquemas disfuncionales, un constructo central en el modelo cognitivo de la depresión. Sinembargo, existe alguna controversia en torno a su estructura factorial. Recientemente se ha Análisis factorial propuesto una versión revisada del DAS (de aquí en adelante DAS-R), consistente en 17 items, usando un análisis factorial confirmatorio. El DAS-R contiene 2 factores correlacionados: perfeccionismo/evaluación del rendimiento y dependencia. En un estudio previo con una muestra española, una estructura jerárquica con estos 2 factores de primer orden y un factor general mostró el mejor ajuste a los datos. Este estudio analiza la estructura factorial y las propiedades psicométricas del DAS-R en una muestra de 762 estudiantes universitarios colombianos. Los resultados fueron muy similares a los obtenidos en la muestra española. La estructura factorial jerárquica mostró el mejor ajuste a los datos y el DAS-R mostró buena consistencia interna y validez discriminante y convergente. En conclusión, el DAS-R parece una buena opción para medir los esquemas disfuncionales en Colombia. Además, la replicación de la estructura factorial jerárquica indica que el DAS-R provee medidas generales y específicas de los esquemas disfuncionales que son teóricamente significativas.
Subject(s)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Depression , Psychometrics , Students , UniversitiesABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the correlations of university students'love style,dysfunctional attitude,and love satisfaction and life satisfaction.MethodsA total of 552 college students were assessed with relationship assessment scale(RAS),dysfunctional attitude scale(DAS),loving style scale(LSS) and life satisfaction index-A (LSIA).Results ( 1 ) The score of RAS of erotic loving style was ( 27.85 ± 4.624 ) significantly higher than the counterparts of the ludus loving style,which was (23.89 ± 4.061 ) (P ＜ 0.01 ).(2) There were significantly positive correlations among eros loving style,storge loving style,agape loving style,pragma loving style,life satisfaction and loving satisfaction,and negative correlations among Ludus loving style,dysfunctional attitude and loving satisfaction.(3)Loving satisfaction could be significantly predicted by dysfunctional attitude,eros loving style,ludus loving style,pragma loving style and storge loving style.ConclusionsLoving style and dysfunctional attitude can significantly predict loving satisfaction.
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Objective To explore the associations between microsatellites in gonadal receptor genes and dysfunctional attitudes in adolescent with major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods Polymerase chain reaction(PCR),capillary electrophoresis and genetic scanning were performed in testing the length of microsatellites in first-onset adolescent depressive patients.Dysfunctional attitudes scale(DAS) was used in rating the dysfunctional cognition of adolescent depressive sample.These results were tested by correlative analysis and comparison analysis.Results 1.There existed significantly negative correlation between microsatellite′s length in estrogen receptor ?(ER?) gene and total score of DAS in female adolescent patients with first-onset depressive disorder.2.DAS′ total score of shorter alleles′ group was significantly higher than that of longer alleles′ group on female′ estrogen receptor ?(ER?) Gene.Conclusion The microsatellite′s length of ER? and ER? gene may have associations with dysfunctional attitudes of female adolescent with MDD.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the explanatory styles, dysfunctional attitudes and their relationship to depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. METHODS: Twenty nine patients with major depressive disorder, 35 patients with schizophrenia and 43 normal controls completed the self-rating scales for explanatory styles (Forced Attributional Style Questionnaire, FASQ), dysfunctional attitudes (Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, DAS), depressive symptom (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI), and hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale, BHS). RESULTS: Patients with major depressive disorder (BDI : 27.0+/-14.30, BHS : 8.8+/-6.59) and those with schizophrenia (BDI : 16.1+/-12.39, BHS : 5.6+/-5.21) had significantly higher BDI and BHS scores than normal control (BDI : 5.8+/-5.53, BHS : 2.4+/-3.61). DAS total scores were significantly higher in patients with major depressive disorder (171.3+/-22.96) and schizophrenia (161.8+/-32.96) than normal control (139.9+/-30.94), but there were no significant differences between patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Regarding FASQ subscales, the global positive score was significantly higher in patients with major depressive disorder (3.7+/-1.36) and with schizophrenia (3.4+/-1.73) than normal control (2.5+/-1.39). BDI total scores correlated significantly with stable negative and global negative scores of FASQ in major depressive disorder, but only with global negative scores in schizophrenia and normal control. DAS total scores correlated with BDI scores not only in major depressive disorder, but also in schizophrenia and normal controls. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that dysfunctional attitude is significantly severe not only in patients with major depressive disorder but also in schizophrenic patients compared to normal control. Also, there seems to be a positive correlation between cognitive distortion and depressive symptoms not only in major depressive disorder, but also in schizophrenia. However, this study is not able to clarify their causal relationship. Further study is necessary to clarify the causal relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive distortion and the cultural effect on cognitive distortion in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.