Maintenance of chronicity signatures in fibroblasts isolated from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa chronic wound dressings under culture conditions

BACKGROUND: Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (RDEB) is a rare inherited skin disease caused by variants in the COL7A1 gene, coding for type VII collagen (C7), an important component of anchoring fibrils in the basement membrane of the epidermis. RDEB patients suffer from skin fragility starting with blister formation and evolving into chronic wounds, inflammation and skin fibrosis, with a high risk of developing aggressive skin carcinomas. Restricted therapeutic options are limited by the lack of in vitro models of defective wound healing in RDEB patients. RESULTS: In order to explore a more efficient, non-invasive in vitro model for RDEB studies, we obtained patient fibroblasts derived from discarded dressings) and examined their phenotypic features compared with fibroblasts derived from non-injured skin of RDEB and healthy-donor skin biopsies. Our results demonstrate that fibroblasts derived from RDEB chronic wounds (RDEB-CW) displayed characteristics of senescent cells, increased myofibroblast differentiation, and augmented levels of TGF-ß1 signaling components compared to fibroblasts derived from RDEB acute wounds and unaffected RDEB skin as well as skin from healthy-donors. Furthermore, RDEB-CW fibroblasts exhibited an increased pattern of inflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-1ß and IL-6) when compared with RDEB and control fibroblasts. Interestingly, these aberrant patterns were found specifically in RDEB-CW fibroblasts independent of the culturing method, since fibroblasts obtained from dressing of acute wounds displayed a phenotype more similar to fibroblasts obtained from RDEB normal skin biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that in vitro cultured RDEB-CW fibroblasts maintain distinctive cellular and molecular characteristics resembling the inflammatory and fibrotic microenvironment observed in RDEB patients' chronic wounds. This work describes a novel, non-invasive and painless strategy to obtain human fibroblasts chronically subjected to an inflammatory and fibrotic environment, supporting their use as an accessible model for in vitro studies of RDEB wound healing pathogenesis. As such, this approach is well suited to testing new therapeutic strategies under controlled laboratory conditions.

Rare subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa: three case reports and their pedigree analysis / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To report 3 cases of rare subtypes of hereditary epidermolysis bullosa.Methods:Clinical data were collected from the probands and their relatives, whole-exome sequencing was performed to screen disease-causing mutations in the probands, and Sanger sequencing or qPCR was conducted to verify the mutations in patients and their relatives.Results:Case 1 mainly presented with linear red scars on the back, and the proband, her mother with similar clinical manifestations and her asymptomatic daughter all carried a mutation c.4573G>A (p.Gly1525Arg) in the COL7A1 gene. Case 2 presented with generalized reticular pigmentation all over the body and occasional blisters restricted to the hand and foot, and carried a de novo mutation c.74C>T (p.Pro25Leu) in the KRT5 gene. Case 3 presented with pigmentation abnormalities mainly located at the sun-exposed sites and incomplete syndactyly of the left hand, and carried homozygous deletion mutations in exons 2-6 of the FERMT1 gene, which were inherited from her asymptomatic parents. Case 1 was diagnosed with dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa, case 2 was diagnosed with epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation, and case 3 was diagnosed with Kindler epidermolysis bullosa. Conclusion:The clinical manifestations of epidermolysis bullosa vary greatly, and gene detection is very important for confirmation of diagnosis of its rare types.

Carcinoma epidermoide metastásico asociado a epidermólisis ampollosa distrófica / Metastasic squamous cell carcinoma in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

Caso clínico: femenino de 18 años con diagnóstico de epidermolisis ampollosa distrófica (EAD) quién desarrolló una neoformación nodular sobre una úlcera crónica. Se diagnosticó carcinoma epidermoide (CE) invasor al que se realizó resección. Sin embargo, 5 meses después del tratamiento quirúrgico presentó metástasis a ganglios, pulmón e hígado con desenlace fatal. Comentarios: el CE es la causa más importante de muerte en pacientes con EAD. Suele ser agresivo y metastásico. Se recomienda una vigilancia cada 3 a 6 meses para realizar diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos (AU)

Case report: 18-year-old female patient with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) who developed a tumor over a chronic ulcer. She was diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and underwent surgical resection. However, 5 months later she presented metastases to the lymph nodes, lung and liver with a fatal outcome. Comments: SCC is the most important cause of death in patients with DEB. It is usually aggressive and metastatic. Surveillance every 3 to 6 months is recommended for prompt diagnosis and treatment (AU)

Quality of Life and Economic Burden in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa

BACKGROUND: Patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) exhibit blisters and erosions since birth, causing pain, pruritus and various complications. RDEB affects quality of life (QoL) in physical, emotional and social aspects. Furthermore, interminable dressing changes and supportive therapies impose a significant economic burden on the patient's family. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the QoL and economic burden in patients with RDEB. METHODS: Sixteen patients with RDEB were surveyed to assess the QoL and economic burden. Patients answered questionnaires consisting of a visual analogue scale (VAS) on pain and pruritus, Skindex-29, Quality of Life in EB questionnaire (QOLEB), and the economic burden due to EB. RESULTS: Thirteen patients with RDEB completed the questionnaire. Female patients presented higher VAS, QOLEB and total Skindex-29 scores than male patients. Patients with RDEB showed severe levels of pruritus, which was more intolerable than pain. Mean VAS score on pain in RDEB was higher than in oral lichen planus and post-herpetic neuralgia. VAS score on pruritus was similar to those in chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis, and prurigo nodularis. Compared with other dermatologic conditions, patients with RDEB were profoundly affected in all three scales of skindex-29. Mean "medical cost" in a month was $257.54 (USD) (+/-169.39) and mean "dressing cost" was $358.41 (USD) (+/-312.55), which was negatively related to patient age. CONCLUSION: RDEB had a profound impact on QoL and economic burden. Compared with other dermatologic diseases, RDEB showed severe symptoms and QoL was seriously impaired. Most patients sustained economic burdens, especially on preparing dressing materials. Younger patients experienced more economic burdens.

Epidermólise bolhosa distrófica: aspectos dermatológicos e cirúrgicos / Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: dermatological and surgical aspects

A epidermólise bolhosa é uma doença hereditária que causa alterações em proteínas estruturais da pele e consequente fragilidade da epiderme. Manifesta-se por surgimento de flictenas por todo o corpo e deformidades funcionais de membros, especialmente nas mãos, sendo que as formas mais características são pseudossindactilia e contraturas. Neste trabalho, descrevemos o caso de um paciente de 12 anos com deformidades nas mãos e flictenas pelo corpo que foi submetido à cirurgia da mão para recuperação da movimentação funcional (AU)

Epidermolysis bullosa is a hereditary disease that causes changes in structural proteins of the skin and consequent fragility of the epidermis. It is manifested by the appearance of blisters all over the body and functional deformities of limbs, especially the hands, and the most characteristic forms are pseudosyndactyly and contractures. In this paper, we describe the case of a 12-year-old patient with deformities in his hands and blisters over the body who underwent hand surgery for recovery of functional movement (AU)

Application of next generation sequencing technology for genetic diagnosis of a neonate and the family with heredi-tary dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa / 临床儿科杂志

Objectives To detect genetic causes of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). Methods Next-generation sequencing was used to detect a neonate with DEB. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the results and detect his parents and grandmother on his mother side from the family. Results The neonate was found to have heterozygous mutation c.6781C>T of exon 86 in COL7A1 gene.This mutation results in R2261X nonsense mutation in typeⅦcollagen. His mother and grand-mother on his mother side have the same mutation. Conclusion Next-generation sequencing technology is a useful tool for the detection of mutations of COL7A1 gene, which is valuable for clinical application.

Transient Bullous Dermolysis of the Newborn / 대한피부과학회지

Transient bullous dermolysis of the newborn (TBDN) is a rare subtype of the dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa characterized by blistering at birth which improves spontaneously during early life. Electron microscopy showed sublamina densa separation with dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and electron dense inclusions. Immunofluorescence mapping using anti-type VII collagen antibody showed widespread intraepidermal type VII collagens which are a characteristic finding of TBDN. Here, we report two cases of TBDN presenting typical clinical manifestations, electron microscopy findings, and immunofluorescence mapping results. The skin lesions of both patients healed spontaneously 2~3 months later.

Epidermolisis bulosa distrófica pruriginosa dominante / Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa

La epidermólisis bulosa distrófica es un trastorno hereditario poco frecuente y clínicamente heterogéneo. Una variante clínica inusual es la epidermolisis bulosa pruriginosa (EBP), que se caracteriza por prurito intenso y lesiones similares a prurigo nodular o liquen simple crónico; y también por la fragilidad de la piel puede conducir a hipertrofia, liquenificación, nódulos y placas. Como en las otras formas de epidermólisis bulosa distrófica, las lesiones se localizan principalmente en extremidades; la patología molecular implica mutaciones en el gen que codifica la proteína fibrilar de anclaje, el colágeno tipo VII (COL7A1). Reportamos el caso de un paciente adulto sin antecedentes patológicos con compromiso cutáneo cuyo tratamiento resultó insatisfactorio, siendo pocos los aportes de la literatura en el manejo exitoso de esta patología.

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a rare, hereditary, clinically heterogeneous skin disorder. Epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa is an unusual clinical variant characterized by severe pruritus and simplex lichenoid or nodular prurigo-like lesions; and also by the skin fragility that may lead to hypertrophic, lichenified nodules and plaques. Like other forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, lesions are located primarily in extremities; molecular pathology involves mutations in the gene encoding the anchoring fibril protein, type VII collagen (COL7A1). We report a case of a previously healthy male adult patient with skin lesions, whose treatment was unsatisfactory, with few contributions from the literature in the successful management of this disease.

Pretibial Epidermolysis Bullosa with Nail Dystrophy in a Family / 대한피부과학회지

Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa-pretibial (DDEB-Pt) is an extremely rare subtype of dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DDEB). Clinically, DDEB-Pt is characterized by trauma-induced blistering with scarring that predominantly affects the pretibial region and causes nail dystrophy. A 42-year-old woman had recurrent numerous pruritic lichenoid papules and plaques and a few vesicles on both the pretibial areas with toenail dystrophy for over 30 years. Her son and daughter also had the same lesions on their pretibial areas with associated dystrophic toe nails. Herein we report on a case of DDEB-Pt occurring in one family as a rare case.

Pedicled Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap for Treatment of Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Groin: Case Report

PURPOSE: Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetic disease, characterized by the presence of extremely fragile skin and formation of recurrent blister resulting from even a minor mechanical injury. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is recognized as a complication of the chronic scarring associated with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). When a soft tissue defect happens in a patient with epidermolysis bullosa, it is difficult to cover it with a skin graft or a flap. We describe the successful use of a pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for the reconstruction of SCC associated with DEB in the groin. METHODS: A 29-year-old man diagnosed with DEB at birth sustained an ulcer increasing in the right groin for the last 7 months. Under general anesthesia, the mass lesion and lymph nodes were removed and the resulting defect was covered with a pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. RESULTS: The flap survived completely and his postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathological examination revealed a SCC in the right groin and malignant tumor cells in the removed lymph nodes as well. Additional positron emission tomogram showed a malignant lesion in the ileocecal area with regional lymph node metastasis. The patient was referred to an oncologist for chemotheraphy, but the patient refused to take it. During a 4-month follow-up period, there was no recurrence in the right groin. CONCLUSION: We suggest that perforator flaps can be considered as a reliable alternative for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in a patient with DEB.

Dominant Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa / 대한피부과학회지

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a rare, chronic non-inflammatory bullous disease with a hereditary pattern of occurrence, and this disease easily produces bullae that heal with scarring and milium formation. A 13-month-old female baby was brought to the department of dermatology with multiple variable sized bullae and erythematous to dark brownish patches and crusts on both her feet. The histopathologic findings showed subepidermal non-inflammatory blisters and the electron microscopic findings showed vacuolization of the sublamina densa and broken anchoring fibrils. On the basis of the clinical and microscopic findings, she was diagnosed as having dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. We report here on a case of dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with the clinical, histological and electron microscopic findings, as well as the family history of the patient.

A Case of Non-Hallopeau-Siemens Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a rare group of heritable mechanobullous disorders that are characterized by blistering and scarring of the skin and mucosae and these lesions are induced by minor trauma, DEB is also associated with nail dystrophy. DEB can be inherited either in an autosomal recessive or dominant fashion. Regardless of the mode of inheritance, DEB is caused by defects of the ultrastructural entity known as the anchoring fibril, which results in separation of the sublamina densa. Recessive DEB (RDEB) is classified into Hallopeau-Siemens and non- Hallopeau-Siemens. We herein report on a case of non- Hallopeau-Siemens RDEB and there was no family history of this malady, and we present the clinical, histological and electron microscopy findings.

Las epidermolisis bullosas distróficas en México: 2470insG representa la mutación mas común en 21 familias / 2470insG, represents the commonest mutation in Mexican patients with dystrophic bullous epidermolysis: a study of 21 families

Antecedentes: Las epidermolisis ampollosas congénitas son enfermedades caracterizadas por ampollas en piel y mucosas al mínimo traumatismo. Son tres tipos: simple, unión y distrófica. Las epidermolisis ampollosas distróficas (EAD) son causadas por mutaciones en el gen COL 7Al que codifica la producción del colágeno tipo VII localizado en las fibrillas de anclaje de la unión dermoepidérmica. Objetivo: Determinar las bases moleculares de las EAD en México. Material y métodos: se analizaron ADN de 21 familias mexicanas con EAD. Se realizó reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, estudios de heteroduplex secuenciación de nucleótidos en ADN de los pacientes. Resultados: Se detectó 59 de 67 mutaciones en 36 pacientes. Se encontraron seis mutaciones de tipo codón de terminación prematuro, substitución de glicina, remoción de intrones de novo y depleción interna. La mutación comúnmente más encontrada fue la 2470insG, en 21 (58.35%) de 36 pacientes. Conclusiones: En pacientes con EAD, la mutación 2470insG es la más frecuente en México. Recomendamos analizar esta mutación a Mexicanos con EAD como primera opción. Estos resultados son útiles para clasificar los subtipos de EAD, dar asesoramiento genético, así como para entender un poco más la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad mecano ampollosa.

BACKGROUND: Type VII collagen gene (COL 7 Al) mutations are the cause of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), but most mutations are specific to individual families and there is limited data on the nature of COL 7 Al mutations in certain ethnic populations. OBJECTIVE: To determine the molecular basis of DEB in Mexican patients and describe the most frequent mutation among this ethnic population. METHODS: Most subjects were approached at FUNDACION DEBRA MEXICO AC. Molecular analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of genomic DNA using COL 7 A l-specific primers, heteroduplex analysis, and direct nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS: Fifty nine of 67 COL 7 Al possible mutations (88%) were identified; 36 individuals (31 recessive, five dominant) from 21 families. Recessive mutations included six frameshift mutations, four silent glycine substitutions and two splice site mutations. CONCLUSIONS: The present study informs a different kind of mutation observed in our patient population. Only two mutations informed in this study had been described earlier among another ethnic group. The most frequent mutation was 2470insG, affecting 21 (58.3%) out of 36 patients with DEB. These new data will be helpful in facilitating the accurate diagnosis of an DEB subtype, and will add further insight into the pathophysiology of this mechanobullous disease.

Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa in Two Sisters / 대한주산의학회잡지

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a rare, chronic non-inflammatory bullous disease, which easily forms bullae by minor mechanical trauma or spontaneously, is inherited either in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive fashion. We report herein two cases which presented with bullae, erosions and ulcers on extremities, buttock, chest, abdomen and face and loss of all nail since birth in two sisters. Bulla occured bencath the basal lamina histopathologically, anchoring fibrils were almost absent on electron miaoscopy in both cases. The two sisters represented dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa considering the absence of family history inheritcd in an autosomal dominant fashion and the clinical, histological and electronmicroscopic findings.

Immunofluorescence studies on the skin sections of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa patients with anti-P_ (200) pemphigoid sera / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:In order to determine the nature of P 200 autoantigen Methods:12 cases of anti-P 200 pemphigoid sera were collected The skin sections from 6 cases of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa were studied with these sera by indirect immunofluorescence Results:All the 12 anti-P 200 pemphigoid sera could react with basement membrane zone (BMZ)of 5 cases of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, while epidermolysis bullosa acquisita sera were negative in these skins In addition, in a case of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita sera react with both BMZ and intracytoplasmic deposition of type Ⅶ collagen, while no anti-P 200 pemphigoid sera showed this reactivity Conclusion:These results suggested that the 200 kD antigen is not a component of type Ⅶ collagen, but a specific autoantigen