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In the present study, Graphene-TiO2 catalysts are prepared by solvothermal method with varied graphene concentrations (1%, 2.5% and 5%). The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, Raman and TEM. The photocatalytic activity towards the destruction of Escherichia coli in water under UV and UV-visible irradiations were studied. Graphene-TiO2 nano composite destructs the bacteria significantly at higher rates than unmodified TiO2 and graphene. The results indicates that, at the beginning, the inactivation of E. coli cells is more due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like, OH, H2O2, and O2– . Among all samples, the nano composite containing 2.5 wt.% of graphene exhibits a complete E. coli destruction in a minimum irradiation time of 15 and 20 min under UV–Visible and UV light irradiation respectively. The high photocatalytic activity is achieved with the optimum loading concentration of 2.5 wt. % graphene on titania
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Panchvalkal is a combination of five astringent plants, these are Vata, Peepal, Udumbara, Parisha, Plaksha. Individual and combinations of drugs have Kashaya rasa (astringent) dominant and useful in the management of Vrana (Wounds) as well as Shotha (Inflammations). Panchvalakal is used in different forms, for instance, Kwath, ointment, and powder. Its formulation can prepare in oil for future prospective to add more medicinal value and improve its shelf life without any chemical preservative. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the scientific proof of old literature and further evaluate the wound healing property of water extract of Panchvalkal and blend with Amaltas (Cassia fistula) and Neem (Azadirachta indica). Disc diffusion was adopted to assess antimicrobial activity against the range of standard antimicrobial agents. The results were promising that E.coli, S.aureus, P.areuginosa are sensitive to Panchvalkal kwath. This herbal medicine is able to prevent vaginitis and also cure it without any side effects. Aqueous extract of Panchvalkal by soxhlet method showed significant results against E.coli and S.aureus with an inhibition value of 22 mm and 20 mm in diameter respectively. The results were compared with results obtained from reference (standard) antibiotics, Ciprofloxacin (5mcg/disc), Ceftriaxone (30mcg/disc), and Streptomycin (10mcg/disc) that served as the reference for inhibition zone diameter.
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Abstract The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, which are posing a global health threat has developed the interest of scientists to use bacteriophages instead of conventional antibiotics therapy. In light of an increased interest in the use of phage as a bacterial control agent, the study aimed to isolate and characterize lytic phages from sewage effluent. During the current study, bacteriophage AS1 was isolated from sewage effluent against E.coli S2. The lytic activity of phageAS1 was limited to E.coli S2 strain showing monovalent behavior. The calculated phage titer was 3.5×109 pfu/ml. PhageAS1 was stable at a wide range of pH and temperature. The maximum stability was recorded at 37ºC and pH 7.0, while showing its normal lytic activity at temperature 60ºC and from pH 5.0 to11.0 respectively. At temperature 70ºC, phage activity was somewhat reduced whereas, further increase in temperature and decrease or increase in pH completely inactivated the phage. From the current study, it was concluded that waste water is a best source for finding bacteriophages against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and can be used as bacterial control agent.
Resumo O surgimento de cepas bacterianas multirresistentes (MDR), que representam uma ameaça global à saúde, desenvolveu o interesse dos cientistas em usar bacteriófagos em vez da terapia convencional com antibióticos. Diante do crescente interesse no uso de fago como agente de controle bacteriano, o estudo visou isolar e caracterizar fagos líticos de efluente de esgoto. Durante o estudo atual, o bacteriófago AS1 foi isolado de efluente de esgoto contra E. coli S2. A atividade lítica de phageAS1 foi limitada à cepa E. coli S2, apresentando comportamento monovalente. O título de fago calculado foi de 3,5 x 109 ufp/ml. PhageAS1 foi estável em uma ampla faixa de pH e temperatura. A estabilidade máxima foi registrada a 37ºC e pH 7,0, enquanto mostrou atividade lítica normal em temperatura de 60ºC e pH 5,0 a 11,0, respectivamente. Na temperatura de 70ºC, a atividade do fago foi um pouco reduzida, enquanto o aumento adicional da temperatura e a diminuição ou aumento do pH inativaram completamente o fago. Com base no estudo atual, concluiu-se que a água residual é a melhor fonte para encontrar bacteriófagos contra cepas bacterianas multirresistentes e pode ser usada como agente de controle bacteriano.
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The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, which are posing a global health threat has developed the interest of scientists to use bacteriophages instead of conventional antibiotics therapy. In light of an increased interest in the use of phage as a bacterial control agent, the study aimed to isolate and characterize lytic phages from sewage effluent. During the current study, bacteriophage AS1 was isolated from sewage effluent against E.coli S2. The lytic activity of phageAS1 was limited to E.coli S2 strain showing monovalent behavior. The calculated phage titer was 3.5×109 pfu/ml. PhageAS1 was stable at a wide range of pH and temperature. The maximum stability was recorded at 37ºC and pH 7.0, while showing its normal lytic activity at temperature 60ºC and from pH 5.0 to11.0 respectively. At temperature 70ºC, phage activity was somewhat reduced whereas, further increase in temperature and decrease or increase in pH completely inactivated the phage. From the current study, it was concluded that waste water is a best source for finding bacteriophages against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and can be used as bacterial control agent.
O surgimento de cepas bacterianas multirresistentes (MDR), que representam uma ameaça global à saúde, desenvolveu o interesse dos cientistas em usar bacteriófagos em vez da terapia convencional com antibióticos. Diante do crescente interesse no uso de fago como agente de controle bacteriano, o estudo visou isolar e caracterizar fagos líticos de efluente de esgoto. Durante o estudo atual, o bacteriófago AS1 foi isolado de efluente de esgoto contra E. coli S2. A atividade lítica de phageAS1 foi limitada à cepa E. coli S2, apresentando comportamento monovalente. O título de fago calculado foi de 3,5 x 109 ufp/ml. PhageAS1 foi estável em uma ampla faixa de pH e temperatura. A estabilidade máxima foi registrada a 37ºC e pH 7,0, enquanto mostrou atividade lítica normal em temperatura de 60ºC e pH 5,0 a 11,0, respectivamente. Na temperatura de 70ºC, a atividade do fago foi um pouco reduzida, enquanto o aumento adicional da temperatura e a diminuição ou aumento do pH inativaram completamente o fago. Com base no estudo atual, concluiu-se que a água residual é a melhor fonte para encontrar bacteriófagos contra cepas bacterianas multirresistentes e pode ser usada como agente de controle bacteriano.
Subject(s)
Sewage , Bacteriophages , Pakistan , Temperature , ColiphagesABSTRACT
The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, which are posing a global health threat has developed the interest of scientists to use bacteriophages instead of conventional antibiotics therapy. In light of an increased interest in the use of phage as a bacterial control agent, the study aimed to isolate and characterize lytic phages from sewage effluent. During the current study, bacteriophage AS1 was isolated from sewage effluent against E.coli S2. The lytic activity of phageAS1 was limited to E.coli S2 strain showing monovalent behavior. The calculated phage titer was 3.5×109 pfu/ml. PhageAS1 was stable at a wide range of pH and temperature. The maximum stability was recorded at 37ºC and pH 7.0, while showing its normal lytic activity at temperature 60ºC and from pH 5.0 to 11.0 respectively. At temperature 70ºC, phage activity was somewhat reduced whereas, further increase in temperature and decrease or increase in pH completely inactivated the phage. From the current study, it was concluded that waste water is a best source for finding bacteriophages against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and can be used as bacterial control agent.
O surgimento de cepas bacterianas multirresistentes (MDR), que representam uma ameaça global à saúde, desenvolveu o interesse dos cientistas em usar bacteriófagos em vez da terapia convencional com antibióticos. Diante do crescente interesse no uso de fago como agente de controle bacteriano, o estudo visou isolar e caracterizar fagos líticos de efluente de esgoto. Durante o estudo atual, o bacteriófago AS1 foi isolado de efluente de esgoto contra E. coli S2. A atividade lítica de phageAS1 foi limitada à cepa E. coli S2, apresentando comportamento monovalente. O título de fago calculado foi de 3,5 x 109 ufp/ml. PhageAS1 foi estável em uma ampla faixa de pH e temperatura. A estabilidade máxima foi registrada a 37ºC e pH 7,0, enquanto mostrou atividade lítica normal em temperatura de 60ºC e pH 5,0 a 11,0, respectivamente. Na temperatura de 70ºC, a atividade do fago foi um pouco reduzida, enquanto o aumento adicional da temperatura e a diminuição ou aumento do pH inativaram completamente o fago. Com base no estudo atual, concluiu-se que a água residual é a melhor fonte para encontrar bacteriófagos contra cepas bacterianas multirresistentes e pode ser usada como agente de controle bacteriano.
Subject(s)
Bacteriophages/isolation & purification , Coliphages/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli , Bacteriophage Typing/methods , Wastewater/analysis , Phage TherapyABSTRACT
Millions of people die from cancer every year.Because of its extremely complex etiology, humans still cannot he completely cured.In the war against cancer, bacteria effectively inhibit the growth of tumor cells, so it shows the potential as a tumor therapy.Compared with traditional chemotherapy methods, tumor-targeting bacteria have the ability to specifically colonize the tumor microenvironment, which greatly avoids the damage to normal tissues in cancer treatment, and improves the targeting and safety of treatment.At the same time, the development of synthetic biology has expanded the toolbox to optimize the lethality of bacteria to tumor by expressing protein effectors.Therefore, the gene circuit in human probiotic E.coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is modified to make it " intelligent" , so as to optimize the method of using bacteria to treat cancer.This paper mainly reviews the history of using bacteria to treat cancer, highlights the methods of engineering EcN by synthetic biology, discusses the safety, efficiency and controllability of genetically modified live bacteria, and looks forward to the future development of bacteria in the treatment of cancer under the guidance of synthetic biology.
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Background: Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent causes of many bacterial infections, including Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), blood stream infections, otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis, traveler’s diarrhoea, enteric infections and systemic infections. This study was done with the aim to surveying antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated Escherichia coli in both sex attended in NIMS Hospital, Jaipur under the taken time period.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 62 Escherichia coli were isolated from various clinical specimens of the patients attending both OPD and IPD. The strains were selected using the laboratory standard methods and culture-specific. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.Results: Out of total 62 isolates of Escherichia coli 26(41.93%) isolates were from male while 36(58.064%) from female patients. Maximum sensitivity were shown by Polymyxin B and Colistin i.c 100% followed by Nitrofuratonin 82.5% followed by Meropenem 79.03%, Aztreonam 72.58%, Piperacillin/ Tazobactam and Ciprofloxacin 61.30%, each Amikacin 56.45%, Imipenem 54.83%, Ofloxacin 45.16%, Cefepime 43.54%, Ceftazidime 38.71%, Gentamycin and Ceftriaxone 37.09% each, Cefotaxime 30.64%, Norfloxacin 27.5%. Maximum resistance shown against Norfloxacin 72.5%, followed by Gentamycin and Ceftriaxone 62.90%, Ceftazidime 61.30%.Conclusions: Escherichia coli infected more in urinary tract infection as compare to other sample in human, and it is common in female than male. Regular monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility for E.coli is recommended to improve treatment. A changing trend in antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolates need to be monitored as there is limited availability of newer drugs and the emergence of resistant bacteria far exceeds the rate of new drug development.
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Objective Effect of hawthorn and melanoidins on the in-vitro growth of Bifidobacterium and E.coli. Methods According to methods of the Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015),the charred hawthorn was prepared. The melanoidins in charred hawthorn were separated and purified by the macroporous resin extraction process. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to detect melanoidins. The gas chromatography was used to detect the effects of hawthorn, charred hawthorn and melanoidins on the content of the acetic acid in Bifidobacterium and E.coli during growth, stable and decay period. Results In the early stage, the effects of hawthorn and charred hawthorn on bacteria were greater than melanoidins. In the middle and late stage, melanoidins inhibited the growth and metabolism of E.coli by changing the generation of acetic acid, and contributed to that of Bifidobacterium and also promoted the generation of acetic acid and regulate the intestinal flora. Conclusion Hawthorn, charred hawthorn and melanoidins all promote digestion by promoting the growth and metabolism of intestinal flora. Among them, charred hawthorn has a better effect on intestinal flora.
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Introduction@#Foodborne diseases are a major public health concern worldwide. The report, which estimates the burden of foodborne diseases – states that each year as many as 600 million, or almost 1 in 10 people in the world, fall ill after consuming contaminated food. Of these, 420 000 people die, including 125 000 children under the age of 5 years. The 20.3% of diarrhea and 27.5% of die caused by contaminated foods are diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC).@*Aim@#To identify of DEC and determine their antibiotic resistance from ready-to-eat salads@*Material and Methods@#A total of 40 bagged salad mix samples were collected from food markets in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains were determined on the basis of MNS 6308:2012 standard and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in samples. DEC was identified using multiplex PCR. Bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.@*Results@#Our results showed the presence of E. coli in 19 samples (47.5%). DEC isolates identified by multiplex PCR were defined as follows: the presence of eae and bfp for EPEC, the presence of lt for ETEC, the presence of ipaH for EIEC, the presence of stx1 and stx2 for EHEC, the presence of aap and aggR for EAEC, and the presence of daaE for DAEC. The multiplex PCR assays detected EHEC 6 (31.6%), EPEC 5 (26.3%), EIEC 1 (5.3%). EAEC and ETEC were not detected in samples. The E.coli isolates were 73.7% resistant to chloramphenicol as the first choice of treatment of diarrhea and high resistance (68.4-94.7%) to the cephalosporins. In our country, cephalosporins are widely used in medical practice for the treatment of infectious diseases.@*Conclusion@#In this study, about half of ready-to-eat salads are contaminated with E. coli. The three types (EHEC, EPEC, EIEC) of DEC pathotypes were identified in the ready-to-eat salads and high prevalent of antimicrobial resistance. Future research is required to track the contamination sources and develop appropriate steps that should be taken by industry and retailers to reduce microbial contamination in ready-to-eat salads.
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Introduction: Escherichia coli (E.coli) is the major pathogencausing urinary tract infections (UTIs), and carbapenems areprescribed frequently to treat UTIs at tertiary care settings. Itis, therefore, of clinical importance to determine the changein carbapenem susceptibility of E.coli isolated from urinarysamples after adopting a new cleaning policy. Study aimed todetermine the change in antimicrobial susceptibility of E.colistrains isolated from urinary samples towards carbapenems.Material and methods: A retrospective comparison ofcarbapenems susceptibility profile of E.coli isolated fromurine cultures at a tertiary care centre was carried out for twoyears between 2017 and 2018. E.coli isolates were identifiedfrom positive cultures as per the conventional microbiologicalmethods. Carbapenem susceptibility was exhibited usingMeropenem (10 µg) disk on Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA)using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.Results: In a total of 1219 urinary E.coli isolates, sensitivitytowards carbapenems has increased from 81.3% to 84.2%(overall 83.2%). The value of chi-square for the differencein the distribution of Meropenem susceptibility for 2017 and2018 was found to be <0.001, which is highly significant.Hence, the susceptibility profile of Meropenem changedsignificantly in two consecutive years in this tertiary carehospital after adopting a new cleaning policy.Conclusion: E.coli is the leading pathogen causing UTIs,and carbapenems are prescribed frequently, so regularmonitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility is recommended.Better cleaning policies can improve the sensitivity patternsof isolates towards antimicrobials.
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Background: Children with fever comprise a major proportion of our practice in outpatient department of Paediatric. Among the fever cases Urinary tract infection is the third most common cause of febrile illness in children. The emphasis on identification of urinary tract infections in febrile children is minimal. Very often, children receive antibiotics empirically, without any adequate evaluation for urinary tract infection. The objective of our study is to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection in all febrile children from 1months to 5 years of age.Methods: A prospective study was undertaken in the department of Pediatrics, Government medical college, Srikakulam. Urine was collected from enrolled febrile patients and sent for routine microscopic examination as well as for culture and sensitivity.Results: The study included 500 children. Females were 256(51.2%) and males were 244(48.8%). The total prevalence of UTI cases were 6%. The incidence in <1 year was 7.05%, 1-2 years was 5.97 % and >2 years was 5.35%. The prevalence of UTI was higher among females (7.68%) than males (4.68%). Apart from fever, the commonest symptoms were dysuria, abdominal pain, vomiting, chills and rigors and loss of appetite. Urine culture shows E. coli followed by Klebsiella were found to contribute the maximum number of cases.Conclusions: Possibility of Urinary Tract Infection must be considered in all febrile children and urine culture specimen must be collected as a part of diagnostic evaluation.
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BACKGROUND- The most common cause of urinary tract infection is Escherichia coli, though other bacteria or fungi may rarely be the cause. Recurrent UTI's that are predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli's forms biofilm. OBJECTIVES1. To determine the biofilm formation by E.coli. 2. To evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility testing. MATERIAL AND METHODS- The present prospective study was carried out from December 2014 to May 2015 in the Department of Microbiology of SMS medical college, Jaipur. A total of 100 consecutive, nonrepetitive E. coli isolates were subjected to biofilm formation study by Christensen's tube adherence method. All the isolates were also subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method in accordance with the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute 2013) guidelines and followed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Epi-info software was used for data analysis. RESULTS- Out of the 100 E. coli isolates studied, 62 (62%) were positive for biofilm formation. Overall drug resistance was found to be very high among both biofilm as well as non-biofilm forming isolates indicating excessive drug resistance among both community and hospital organisms. CONCLUSION- The results of present study indicated a need for continued surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and greater understanding of the nature of biofilm producing uropathogens causing UTI, so as to increase positive outcomes of clinical interventions and the development of novel and more effective treatments for the problematic diseases.
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Background: Specifically asymptomatic bacteriuria occurring in diabetes mellitus can cause serious complications like renal and perirenal abscess, gas forming infections such as emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis, fungal infections, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and renal papillary necrosis. Though there is no consensus on the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in various population groups, it is reasonable to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetes mellitus patients because of its potential complications. The aim of the study: To compare the common organism growth in type I and type II diabetes mellitus among womens. Materials and methods: 150 Diabetes mellitus patients without any urinary complaints such as dysuria, frequency, urgency, strangury, tenesmus, nocturia, nocturnal enuresis, incontinence, urethral pain, bladder pain, renal colic, who attended diabetology department as outpatients and in patients in various wards of Govt. Government Mohan Kumuramanglam Medical College, between 2015- 2016 were enrolled for this study. Results: Of the total 150 patients in study group 44 patients had a positive urine culture in two consecutive urine samples. Most of the patients had blood sugar levels between 151 mg% to 250 mg%. 60% of patients had blood sugar in that range. Another 20% of patients had blood sugar valve between 251 mg% to 300 mg%. In the study group, 25 cases were Escherichia coli isolates. Next S. Palanivel Rajan, I.V. Priyamvadha. Comparative study of common organism growth in urinary tract infection in type I and type II diabetes mellitus among womens in Salem District. IAIM, 2019; 6(4): 9-13. Page 10 common pathogen was Klebsiella (15 cases). There was no significant correlation in renal profile in type 1 and type 11 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: High incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria has been observed in Diabetic woman. High incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria occur in both Type I Diabetes Mellitus and Type Diabetes Mellitus. Causative organisms in diabetic and non-diabetic asymptomatic bacteriuria are similar. E.coli is the commonest organism.
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Aims@#Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight polymer and a major component of mucoid capsule in bacteria and extracellular matrix (ECM) of vertebrate tissue. Due to its unique characteristics, HA is used extensively in medical and cosmetic field. However, because of the exotoxins production from animal tissues extraction and Streptococcus zooepidemicus, HA production by recombinant microorganisms has gained interest. The present study was aimed at cloning of hasA gene in Escherichia coli and optimization of the medium components for HA production. @*Methodology and results@#A fragment of an approximate size of 1.5 kb that encodes the hyaluronan synthase (hasA) gene from S. zooepidemicus ATCC 39920 was amplified by PCR using hasA-specific primers. The hasA gene was ligated into the bacterial expression vector pLbADH and transformed into the expression host, Escherichia coli BL21 strain. Then, genetically engineered E. coli strain BL21 was used for the production of HA by fermentation using different glucose concentration (10-50 g/L) and different IPTG concentration (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM) in shake flask culture. Amongst varying glucose concentrations, results showed that 50 g/L glucose with nutrient rich media containing nitrogen source was able to produce the highest HA concentration (0.115 ± 0.002 g/L). With addition of 1.0 mM IPTG, HA production reached a peak 0.532 ± 0.026 g/L which is around fivefold higher compared to without IPTG. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The hasA gene was cloned from S. zooepidemicus and successfully expressed in recombinant E. coli BL21 cells. This low molecular weight HA is gaining more importance in medical and cosmetic application due to possess pronounced free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.
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PURPOSE: We aimed to determine characteristics of host, causative organisms, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in pediatric patients with UTI living in metropolitan area of Korea. METHODS: Retrospective investigation was done for the causative organisms of UTI in 683 pediatric cases treated at Ajou University Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Patients were classified into Escherichia coli and non-E.coli group, where E.coli group was subdivided into ESBL(+) and ESBL(−) groups based on whether the bacteria could produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Antibiotic susceptibility of the causative organism was also determined. RESULTS: A total of 683 UTIs occurred in 550 patients, of which 463 (67.8%) were first-time infection and 87 (32.2%) were recurrent ones (2–7 recurrences, 2.52 average), and 64.9% were male and 35.1% were female. The most common causative organism was E.coli (77.2%) and ESBL(+) E.coli was found in 126 cases. The susceptibility of E.coli to 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin was relatively higher than that to ampicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. ESBL(+) E.coli showed higher resistance rate to 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin than ESBL(−) E.coli . CONCLUSION: New treatment guideline should be considered due to the incidence of ESBL(+) E.coli increased up to one quarter of UTI cases.
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Child , Female , Humans , Male , Ampicillin , Bacteria , beta-Lactamases , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Epidemiologic Studies , Escherichia coli , Incidence , Korea , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Urinary Tract Infections , Urinary TractABSTRACT
Background: New-born acquires mother’s microbiome from the birth canal during the delivery process and these bacteria then colonize in the gut. Studying the oral microbiome of infants offer a good perspective for us to understand the gut microbiome disruption caused by C-section. A previous study of three-month-old infants reported a higher amount of bacterial taxa of the oral microbiota in vaginally delivered infants than the ones with another birth mode. Aim: Comparison of microflora between the birth canal and the oral cavity of a newborn in Caesarean delivery. Materials and methods: 30 pregnant women selected for the study. Parturient canal samples obtained prior to delivery and infant’s oral cavity oral samples obtained immediately after birth. Samples transported to the lab for microbiological assays and data tabulated and statistically analyzed using Chi-Square Test. Results: E.coli was observed in 21.1% (N=7) in the vaginal swab whereas its occurrence in buccal smear was 10.3% (N=3). The chi-square test of independence was statistically insignificant (p> 0.05). The staphylococcus was observed in 44.8 (N= 13) of vaginal swab and 37.9% (N=11) of buccal smear and again the difference was statistically insignificant. The presence of pus cells was 31% (N=9) in vaginal swab and 10.3% (N=3) in the buccal smear. Conclusion: A significant number of mother-child pairs showed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, and E.coli. However, Klebsiella and pus cells were occasionally found.
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Objective To understand the regional epidemiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of diarrheagenic E .coli infection in children ,and to clarify the pathogenic association between diarrheagenic E .coli infection and childhood diarrhea .Methods Totally 680 diarrheal children in the outpatient setting and 680 non-diarrheal control children were enrolled prospectively .The stool samples were collected and the potential enteric pathogens were detected .Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility for diarrheagenic E .coli isolates .Results The isolation rates of diarrheagenic E .coli in diarrhea group and control group were 15 .6％ and 13 .1％ ,respecitvely ,and diarrheagenic E .coli was the most commonly detected enteric bacteria .Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age suggested no clinical association between diarrhea and infection with enteropathogenic E .coli (EPEC) (aOR=1 .2 ,95％ CI:0 .8-1 .8) ,enteroadhesive E .coli (EAEC) (aOR=1 .1 ,95％ CI:0 .7 -1 .6) and enterotoxigenic E .coli (ETEC) (aOR= 1 .8 ,95％ CI:0 .5 -6 .2) . Among 199 diarrheagenic E .coli strains ,the rates of resistance to ampicillin ,tetracycline ,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ,azithromycin ,and ceftriaxone were 63 .8％ ,55 .8％ ,48 .2％ ,34 .2％ and 26 .6％ , respectively ,while the rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin , amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefoxitin were 4 .5％ ,1 .5％ and 0 .5％ ,respectively .Conclusions Diarrheagenic E .coli is the most common enteric bacteria detected in the stool samples from children with and without diarrhea in this study . The pathogenic role of infections with EPEC ,EAEC and ETEC in childhood diarrhea is not determined .EHEC and EIEC are rarely detected and further studies are needed to clarify the pathogenic association between infection with EHEC ,EIEC and childhood diarrhea .
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Objective • To construct the E.coli CLM37 strain with Lpp gene deletion and to study the production of N-glycosylated recombinant proteins in this E.coli strain. Methods • Firstly, Red homologous recombination system was used to knock out the Lpp gene from the genome of E.coli CLM37. And then, the growth curve was detected to study the effects of deleted Lpp gene on the growth states of E.coli strain. Finally, the vector pIG6-rFn3-Gly which expresses receptor protein and the vector pACYCpgl, which carries N-glycosylation gene cluster that derives from Campylobacter jejuni, were co-transformed into E.coli CLM37ΔLpp to investigate the extracellular production of N-glycosylated recombinant proteins. Results • The E. coli CLM37ΔLpp with Lpp gene deletion was obtained, and the extracellular production of N-glycosylated rFn3-Gly was successfully achieved in this strain. Compared with E. coli CLM37, the total amount of rFn3-Gly produced via extracellular production of E. coli CLM37ΔLpp increased about 4 times, and the glycosylation efficiency increased about 6 times. Conclusion • N-glycosylated rFn3-Gly was successfully produced via extracellular production in E. coli CLM37ΔLpp, and the production of interest glycoprotein and the glycosylation efficiency were improved.
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Objective At present, the traditional model of urinary tract infection is not only complex in operation process but also easy to be infected, and the model with simple transurethral bacterial injection is not stable enough. This study established a rat model of foreign body-associated urinary tract infection. A spiral polyethylene tube (PT) was placed transurethrally into the bladder by transurethral inoculation with extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLs E.coli).Methods SD female rats were randomly divided into blank control group, no foreign body groups at 7d and 14d, foreign body groups at 7d and 14d. ESBLs E.coli was injected transurethrally by foreign body into the bladder in foreign body groups. The same volumes of ESBLs E.coli and sterile saline were injected respectively in no foreign body and blank groups. Examination was made on bilateral renal gravity index, the numbers of white blood cells and neutrophils, the bacteriological and pathological changes in urine and kidney.Results The bilateral renal gravity index, the percentage of neutrophils and and the positive rates of renal and urine bacteria culture in foreign body groups at 7d and 14d were significantly higher than those in blank control group and no foreign body groups(P＜0.05). The number of white blood cells in foreign body group at 7d was significantly higher than those of blank control and no foreign body group(P＜0.05). The positive rates of renal and urine bacteria culture were 100% in the foreign body groups at 7d and 14d. The positive rate of urine bacteria culture in no foreign body at 7d was 33.3%. Under the light microscope, there were inflammatory changes in the kidney and bladder tissues of the rats in foreign body groups, and a few fibrous tissues were formed around glomeruli in foreign body group at 14d.Conclusion The establishment of a highly successful and stable rat model of urinary tract infection can be successfully achieved by injection of ESBLS E.coli through transurethral foreign body placed in bladder.
ABSTRACT
Background: Sepsis is one of the most common clinical conditions that cause substantial morbidity and mortality all over the world. Blood culture is considered to be the gold standard for the identification of bacteria as a cause of sepsis along with the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility that helps clinicians to choose the appropriate empirical antibiotic. E. coli, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, is a very important pathogen causing infections in humans. It causes a number of important clinical conditions like urinary tract infections, diarrhea, peritonitis, visceral abscesses, endovascular infections, septicemia pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, wound and soft tissue infections. Due to increased resistance to drugs and ability to produce variety of beta-lactamase enzymes (extended-beta lactamases) poses a difficulty in treating infections caused due to E. coli. Objectives: Objectives of this study were (a) to detect ESBL production amongst the E.coli isolated from the blood cultures of patients with sepsis and (b) to determine its effect on the outcome of sepsis patients from a rural based tertiary hospital in Vadodara district of Gujarat. Rana-Khara R, Lakhani SJ, Vasava S, Panjwani D. Detection of ESBL Producing Escherichia coli isolates from blood cultures and its effect on outcome of Sepsis Patients at a rural based tertiary care and teaching hospital in Vadodara district, Gujarat. IAIM, 2017; 4(5): 111-116. Page 112 Materials and methods: A total of 48 E. coli isolates were obtained from the blood culture of 46 patients with clinically diagnosed sepsis. These 48 E. coli isolates were tested for detection of ESBL production according to the CLSI guidelines using phenotypic screening & confirmatory methods. Results: From a total of 48 E. coli isolates obtained from blood culture of 46 clinically diagnosed sepsis, 24 were female patients (as 2 patients had 2 blood samples cultured) and 22 were males. Of the total 48 E. coli isolates tested for ESBL production, 23 (47.91%) isolates from 23 (50%) patients were found to be producing ESBL and 25 (52.08%) isolates from other 23 (50%) patients did not produce ESBL. Of the 23 patients with ESBL producing E. coli, 14 (60.86%) patients did not survive the episode of sepsis, whereas 7 (30.43%) survived and for 2 (8.69%) patients the outcome was not known as they took discharge against the medical advice. Amongst the 23 patients with 25 blood samples yielding non-ESBL producing E. coli, 8 (34.78%) did not survive, 14 (60.86%) survived and for 1(4.34%) patient the outcome was not known. Thus the mortality was more in patients with sepsis due to ESBL producing E. coli as compared to patients with non-ESBL producing E.coli. Also the urinary tract/kidneys were the common source of infection and kidneys were the organ affected. The ESBL producing E. coli showed a higher resistance to most of the antibiotics used but a higher susceptibility to Imipenem and Ertapenem. Conclusion: The findings of our study suggests a higher prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli, which exhibit a higher resistance to most of the antibiotics, are associated with greater mortality and pose a real challenge in the management of patients with sepsis.