ABSTRACT
Objective: To control the quality of ipecac and its preparations, and to investigate the simultaneous quantitative determination of cephaeline and emetine. Methods: After ultrasonic extraction with acidic methanol solution or direct diluting preparations, cephaeline hydrochloride and emetine hydrochloride in ipecac and its preparations were separated within 20 min using a mixture of acetonitrile-methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid (9:3:88) as the mobile phase on a C18 column by HPLC. UV detector was set at 205 nm. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min. Results: The methodological study showed that a good linear correlation existed in the range of 0.014 560.2184 μg (r = 0.999 97) for cephaeline hydrochloride and 0.0321-0.321 μg (r = 0.999 97) for emetine hydrochloride, respectively. The average recovery of cephaeline hydrochloride and emetine hydrochloride was 96.93% and 99.47%, and the RSD values (n = 9) were 1.31% and 2.02%, respectively. Conclusion: The assay is sensitive, accurate, specific, and applicable to comprehensive evaluation on the quality of ipecac and its preparations. © 2013 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to examine the spread of paragonimiasis and the Japanese colonial government's response to it. To consolidate colonial rule, the Japanese colonial government needed medications to cure paragonimiasis. When Dr. Ikeda Masakata invented acid emetine to cure paragonimiasis in Manchuria in 1915, emetine treatment carried the risk of emetine poisoning such as fatigue, inappetence, heart failure, and death. Nonetheless, Japanese authorities forced clinical trials on human patients in colonial Korea during the 1910s and 1920s. The emetine poisoning accident in Yeongheung and Haenam counties in 1927 occurred in this context. The Japanese government concentrated on terminating an intermediary host instead of injecting emetine to repress endemic disease in Japan. However, the Japanese colonial government pushed ahead with emetine injections for healthy men through the Preliminary Bureau of Land Research in colonial Korea in 1917. This clinical trial simultaneously presented the effects and the side effects of emetine injection. Because of the danger emetine injections posed, the colonial government investigated only the actual condition of paragonimiasis, delaying the use of emetine injection. Kobayashi Harujiro(1884-1969), a leading zoologist and researcher of endemic disease for three decades in the Government General Hospital and Keijo Imperial University in colonial Korea, had used emetine while researching paragonimiasis, but he did not play a leading role in clinical trials with emetine injections, perhaps because he mainly researched the intermediary host. Government General Hospital and Keijo Imperial University therefore faced limitations that kept them from leading the research on endemic disease. As the health administration shifted the central colonial government to local colonial government, the local colonial government pressed ahead with emetine injections for Korean patients. Emetine poisoning had something to do with medical power's localization. Nevertheless, the central colonial government still supported emetine injections with funds from the national treasury. The emetine poisoning accident that occurred simultaneously in two different regions resulted from the Japanese colonial government's support. This accident represented the Japanese colonial rule's atrocity, its suppression of hygiene policies, and its disdain for colonial inhabitants. The colonial government sought to accumulate medical knowledge not to cure endemic disease, but to expand the Japanese Empire.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Clinical Trials as Topic/history , Colonialism/history , Emetine/history , Endemic Diseases/history , History, 20th Century , Human Experimentation/history , Japan , Korea , Paragonimiasis/drug therapyABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con 274 pacientes con el objetivo de evaluar la excreción de huevos de Fasciola hepática según tres esquemas terapéuticos utilizados, en un brote de esta trematodiosis ocurrido en abril de 1999 en el Municipio Esmeralda de la provincia de Camagüey. Se conformaron tres grupos; el primero con 76 enfermos y se trató con Clorhidrato de Emetina, un segundo grupo fue tratado con Nitaxozamida y el último de 174 parasitados con Triclabendazol. El seguimiento coprológico se realizó hasta los 60 días postratamiento mediante copa cónica. No excretaron huevos 64 del primer grupo, del segundo grupo todos excretaron huevos luego del tratamiento y del tercero 61 no excretaron huevos. En nuestro trabajo la Emetina resultó eficaz en la terapéutica de esta parasitosis a la dosis recomendada.
A descriptive study of 274 patients was performed with the aim of evaluating the excretion of Fasciola hepatica eggs according to the thrree therapeutic schemes used in an out outburst of this trematoidiosis occurred in April 1999 in Esmeralda Municipality of Camagüey Province. Theree groups were formed : the first one second one with 76 ill was treated with emetine chlorhydrate, the second one with Nitaxozamide and the last one of 174 parasited with Triclabendazol. Coprologic follow up was carried out till 60 days post-treatment through conic cup.They did not excreto eggs of the firts grioup. 64 in the second group, all excreted eggs after treatment, and in the third 61 did not in the therapeutic of this parasitosis to the recomended dosis.