ABSTRACT
There are different views on the theory of “spleen governs time”， which is still a hot spot in the study of Zangxiang （藏象） theory. Based on Zangxiang time-space view， it is found that the thinking mode of the spleen governing time theory follows space-time logic. It is believed that the different time views of the spleen governing time are all formed based on the space view that the spleen belongs to earth and resides in the center， and the zang time theory is developed with the unified time and space logic. Guided by Zangxiang time-space view， the origin of the spleen belonging to earth and residing in the center is traced， and the theoretical connotation and its clinical application of spleen governing time under different time-space logic are explored with reference to the four season and five zang theory， five season and five zang theory， six season and six zang theory， and eight season and eight zang theory.
ABSTRACT
Renying Cunkou pulse method is one of the classical pulse methods of acupuncture-moxibustion in the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon, which is also a classical clinical paradigm for diagnosing and treating meridian diseases in the ancient times. Based on comprehensive review of literature and clinical practice, this paper reveals that this method compares the size of the neck Renying pulse with hand Cunkou pulse to determine the change of yin-yang and excess-deficiency identifying the affected meridians. The jing-well, xing-spring, and shu-stream points of the surface and interior meridians of affected meridians are mainly selected to regulate deficiency and excess through reinforcing and reducing methods. The Renying Cunkou pulse method possesses a simple and practical medical theory, easy diagnostic procedure, and clear meridian selection for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment, warranting further exploration of its essence and diagnostic therapeutic principles.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy/methods , Meridians , Moxibustion , Acupuncture , Yin-Yang , Acupuncture PointsABSTRACT
As a basic source for the theoretical system of traditonal Chinese medicine （TCM）， the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》） made the point of “treatment with combination of diverse methods and prescriptions”，which is one of the characteristics of TCM in treating diseases. This paper discussed the therapeutic idea of “diverse methods and prescriptions” from five dimensions， including time， population， regions， diseases， and treatments， and proposed that “combined treatment” is an effective measure to embody the idea of “diverse methods and prescriptions”. That is to say， by taking the combination of the concept of holism and syndrome differentiation and treatment as the starting point， combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies， and treating both internal and external diseases through multiple ways and methods， the goal to treat the disease at the root， and keep yin at peace and yang compact can be achieved. Finally， it is suggested to guide the clinical practice with “treatment with combination of diverse methods and prescriptions”， providing new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
ABSTRACT
The defensive function of defensive
Subject(s)
Humans , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Meridians , QiABSTRACT
Resumen: La necesidad de distanciamiento social impuesta por la actual pandemia por coronavirus obligó a las diferentes sociedades científicas a realizar sus actividades en formato completamente virtual. La Sociedad Europea de Cardiología no ha sido la excepción. Desde el 29 de agosto al 1 de septiembre de 2020 se celebró este evento sin precedentes que, además de contar con 125.000 profesionales de 213 países, permitió el acceso gratuito a todos los cibernautas. De esta manera, la actualidad en cardiología pudo llegar a todos los rincones del mundo, pese a las circunstancias tan complejas. Como ya es tradición de la revista, realizamos un resumen de los principales ensayos presentados durante el congreso: - Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (EAST-AFNET 4) - Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure (The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial Investigators) - Efficacy and Safety of Mavacamten in Adults with Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (EXPLORER-HCM) - Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition Compared with Individualized Medical Therapy for Comorbidities in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction (The PARALLAX Trial) - A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on Renal Outcomes and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) - Aspirin with or without Clopidogrel after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation (POPULAR TAVI (Cohort A)) - Colchicine in Patients with Chronic Coronary Disease (The LoDoCo2 Trial Investigators) - Pharmacological Blood Pressure-Lowering for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Across Different Levels of Blood Pressure (BPLTTC) - Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (The BRACE CORONA Trial) - Randomized Trial of Transfusion Strategies in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Anemia (REALITY Trial)
Summary The need for social distancing imposed by the current coronavirus pandemic, forced the different scientific societies to carry out their activities in a completely virtual format. And the European Society of Cardiology has not been the exception. From August 29 to September 1 of 2020, this unprecedented event was held which, in addition to having 125,000 health professionals from 213 countries, allowed free access to all netizens. In this way, current affairs in cardiology could reach all corners of the world, despite such complex circumstances. As is the tradition of the magazine, we present a summary of the main essays presented during the congress: - Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (EAST-AFNET 4) - Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure (The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial Investigators) - Efficacy and Safety of Mavacamten in Adults with Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (EXPLORER-HCM) - Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition Compared with Individualized Medical Therapy for Comorbidities in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction (The PARALLAX Trial) - A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on Renal Outcomes and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) - Aspirin with or without Clopidogrel after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation (POPULAR TAVI (Cohort A)) - Colchicine in Patients with Chronic Coronary Disease (The LoDoCo2 Trial Investigators) - Pharmacological Blood Pressure-Lowering for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Across Different Levels of Blood Pressure (BPLTTC) - Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (The BRACE CORONA Trial) - Randomized Trial of Transfusion Strategies in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Anemia (REALITY Trial)
Resumo A necessidade de distanciamento social imposto pela atual pandemia do coronavírus, obrigou as diferentes sociedades científicas a desenvolverem suas atividades de forma totalmente virtual. E a Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia não foi exceção. De 29 de agosto a 1º de setembro 2020, foi realizado esse evento inédito que, além de contar com 125.000 profissionais de saúde de 213 países, possibilitou o acesso gratuito a todos os internautas. Dessa forma, a atualidade da cardiologia pode atingir todos os cantos do mundo, apesar de circunstâncias tão complexas. Como é tradição da revista, apresentamos um resumo dos principais ensaios apresentados durante o congresso: - Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (EAST-AFNET 4) - Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure (The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial Investigators) - Efficacy and Safety of Mavacamten in Adults with Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (EXPLORER-HCM) - Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition Compared with Individualized Medical Therapy for Comorbidities in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction (The PARALLAX Trial) - A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on Renal Outcomes and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) - Aspirin with or without Clopidogrel after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation (POPULAR TAVI (Cohort A)) - Colchicine in Patients with Chronic Coronary Disease (The LoDoCo2 Trial Investigators) - Pharmacological Blood Pressure-Lowering for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Across Different Levels of Blood Pressure (BPLTTC) - Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (The BRACE CORONA Trial) - Randomized Trial of Transfusion Strategies in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Anemia (REALITY Trial)
ABSTRACT
From the view of location, through the longitudinal comparison of the meridian name references of "moxibustion on a meridian" from the records in
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Meridians , Moxibustion , Yin-YangABSTRACT
Many theories of acupuncture and moxibustion and treatment experience are described in the medical bamboo slips. In this paper, based on the records of () of medical bamboo slips, focusing on the questions on the nomenclature of acupoints and meridians, by the comparison of the descriptions in ( ') with other unearthed medical literature, the evolution on the nomenclature was sorted out and the rules and significance of such evolution were explored. In comparison between the evolution of the acupoint names on the head and face and that on the four limbs, the changing modes were presented and analyzed. Finally, the nomenclature of meridians and that of acupoints were compared to infer the potential factors of their own features. This preliminary exploration reflects the important significance of the comparative study of medical bamboo slips in the literature interpretation, concept understanding and theory evolution rules of meridians and acupoints.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Meridians , Moxibustion , Sasa , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
In order to identify the differences between " in () and " in (), the edition of Ninna-ji, Japan, the author analyzed all " and "of the extant , its annotation books, its handed-down books and its collated books during the past dynasties. " and " are similar in Chinese character pattern. The authors had also analyzed the evolution factors of Chinese character patterns in detail, which induced the misunderstanding of " as ". Hence, the phonology and Chinese exegetics were adopted in analysis. " and "()" were completely same in ancient pronunciation. In compliance with the theory as seeking for the connotation from the pronunciation, " was explained as "()", meaning cleft needling or point needling. Additionally, the academic significance of " was explored. It was believed that it was the specific recognition stage from the vessel to the point regarding the sites of acupuncture and moxibustion in terms of the differences in needling techniques, i.e. vessel needling, muscle needling or tendon needling. It is concluded that " resulted from the misunderstanding of " in the books of different dynasties, hence, the mistakes in the explanation and annotation of " since the Northern Song Dynasty have been clarified.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , China , Japan , Medicine in Literature , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
"Sinking requires moxibustion", a sentence coming from : ), is one of the basic principles of moxibustion treatment. Sinking of vessel and sinking of are the two primary recognitions for the word "sinking" in ancient and modern. This paper organizes all related references comprehensively and illustrates the meaning of "sinking" in context with the expectancy of helping readers understand the classic original accurately.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , China , History, Ancient , Medicine in Literature , Meridians , MoxibustionABSTRACT
Introduction: This work includes information on diseases and important rich experiences of medicine. However, the initial work has not been clearly stated in the versions. The reason and purpose to do our research is that the work has not been introduced to the practice. Methods: The document analysis, logical argumentation, comparative historical research and hermeneutics have been utilized in the research. Results: 1. Five years were spent to print the four original copies of the work by the help of scholars and Jesuit fathers. An original copy of the work is kept in the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris and another original copy is in the Royal Library in Copenhagen. 2. The work illustrates anatomy, diagnosis of diseases, medicine and treatments. It is interesting that the story of the work is stated in the first topic. 3. By comparing Mongolian versions, the topic on anatomy was absent in the version of Zodovjav’s translation. Different time and different word choice of translations influenced dissimilar versions in Mongolian. Conclusion: 1. This work was written in the first two decades of the 18th century by the order of Emperor K’ang Hsi of Manchu. 2. This work is the medicine book that connects Eastern medicine to Western.3. Even though translations of word are different in the versions, the contents are alike.Key words: Manchu anatomy, mandated, Emperor K’ang Hsi, Jesuit fathers
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Introduction@#This work includes information on diseases and important rich experiences of medicine. However, the initial work has not been clearly stated in the versions. The reason and purpose to do our research is that the work has not been introduced to the practice. @*Methods@#The document analysis, logical argumentation, comparative historical research and hermeneutics have been utilized in the research.@*Results@#</br>1. Five years were spent to print the four original copies of the work by the help of scholars and Jesuit fathers. An original copy of the work is kept in the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris and another original copy is in the Royal Library in Copenhagen. </br>2. The work illustrates anatomy, diagnosis of diseases, medicine and treatments. It is interesting that the story of the work is stated in the first topic. </br>3. By comparing Mongolian versions, the topic on anatomy was absent in the version of Zodovjav’s translation. Different time and different word choice of translations influenced dissimilar versions in Mongolian.@*Conclusion@#</br>1. This work was written in the first two decades of the 18th century by the order of Emperor K’ang Hsi of Manchu. </br>2. This work is the medicine book that connects Eastern medicine to Western. </br>3. Even though translations of word are different in the versions, the contents are alike.
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[Objective]To study the application of ZHANG Zhicong to the combination of Wu and Gui. [Method]Analyse the ZHANG Zhicong's explaining'Huang Di Nei Jing' and 'Shanghan Lun'and his monographs, through the theory of 'the combination of Wu and Gui'.[Result]ZHANG Zhicong's application has following traits:(l)Attach importance to the relationship of stomach and the kidney.(2)From the point of the view of Shanghan Lun, it can be summarized as'whether Shaoyin getting the warm of Yangming'. (3)The application combined with the theories of 'Zang and Fu 'and six-meridian and ' Qi and blood'.[Conclusion]ZHANG Zhicong used the theory of the combination of Wu and Gui to describe Chinese medical theory and herb and cases.lt is an inovation on theory, though it hasn't been systematized.
ABSTRACT
There are two systems as the red channel system and the white channel system carved or painted on the wooden figurine ofof Benque school. The two systems are horizontally staggered each other without overlapped. The red channel system, similar towooden figurine, have channels, but without points. For the white channel system, the running courses of channels result from the sensation distributions of the points after optional stimulation. Thewooden figurine focuses on the illustration of the white channel system, named as white channel figurine. Compared with thered channel figurine, together with examples, such as the running course of the white channel related to the meridian of heart-transfer-point, the white channel related to the belt vessel linking to lung-transfer-point, stomach-transfer-point and kidney-transfer-point, as well as the corresponding photographs. It is indicated that thewhite channel figurine is a training aid for testing the sensation marching along channel (SMC) caused by transfer-point stimulation. The white channel system is a flexible way of channel. The study aims to observe the/SMC reaching the affected area and contributes to clinical practice. This discovery is not related to the "intermediate link theory" in the Yellow Emperor meridian system.
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[Objective]To discuss the space-time background of Five Yun and Six Qi and know the historical background of Five Yun and Six Qi theory and the time and space span.[Methods] Using the method of literature studies to interpret space-time of Yun Qi theory using Nei Jing theory from the time and space background of Six Qi of Si Tian,60 Jia Zi,Sui Li,Four Seasons,Day and Night,Heaven and Earth,Five Orientations and so on.[Results]The theory of Five Yun and Six Qi consists of 60 Jia Zi and explores the movement rule of Five Yun and Six Qi,showing rules between the celestial motion,physioclimate and human life.The theory regards heaven and earth as the space background,exploring the relationship between physioclimate and life,holding that human lives on the Qi of heaven and earth.The operation of heaven and earth creates five orientations to match different weather.Regions vary because of different Qi of heaven and earth.The same region has different Qi of Yin and Yang because of high and low.[Conclusion]The theory of correspondence between man and universe is fully reflected in Time and Space which is the basis of the theory of Yun Qi in Nei Jing.
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There are various contents about diagnosis and treatment of low back pain in(), which are closely related to meridians and collaterals, forming a complete theoretical system of meridian differentiation for low back pain. Its theory and application are interpreted in this paper from five main aspects, including 18 meridians and collaterals densely distributing in the tendons and bones of the waist, the pathogenesis of low back pain lying in the disorders of the meridianand blood, the nature of low back pain being reflected by the color and shape of meridians and collaterals, the disordered meridians of low back pain being first identified based on syndrome differentiation, the acupuncture prescription being selected according to meridian differentiation. The purpose of this paper is to guide clinical practice, explore the advantages and characteristics of meridian differentiation, and provide theoretical reference and evidence for promoting the standardization of TCM.
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The reinforcing and reducing technique based on the speed of needle insertion and withdrawal is the important acupuncture technique recorded in(). Regarding the speed of needle insertion and withdrawal, the timing of needle insertion and withdrawal is one of the key factors to judge the therapeutic effects. In the paper, the origin was studied on the two methods of waiting forrecorded in(), e.g. "waiting for respiratory" and "waiting forbeneath needle"; and its application progression and clinical significance were explained. Of them, the "waiting forbeneath needle" is mostly used to decide the timing of needle withdrawal and closely related to the therapeutic effects of reinforcing and reducing technique; and its application is fully developed in later generations. In(), it stresses the needle insertion after waiting forwith the assistant hand, lifting and thrusting manipulation is followed after arrival ofbeneath needle. This technique brings the impacts on the reinforcing and reducing technique of acupuncture in later generations.
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[Objective]To explore LIU Wansu's methods in treating fire and heat disease from depression of yang qi.[Methods]To analyse LIU Wansu's understanding of fire and heat disease and highlight its treatment from depression of yang qi through reading his works like Exploration to Pathogenesis in Plain Questions,Yellow Emperor's Plain Questions on Xuanminglun Formulae and so on.[Results]LIU Wansu had profound medical knowledge,rich clinical experience and initiative spirit.Under the guidance of nineteen items of pathogenesis from Huangdi's Canon of Medicine,he expanded fire and heat disease and put up six exogenous pathogenic factors can transfer to fire theory.To be specific,excessive wind,cold,dampness and dryness would block Xuan Fu and depress yang qi,causing fire and heat disease.He regardeddepression of yang qi as a key link in six exogenous pathogenic factors' transferring to fire and put up cooling combined with ventilating method to dissipate depressed yang qi,including relieving exterior syndrome with pungent-cool drugs,clearing depressed heat,relieving exterior and interior syndrome,eliminating dampness and relieving depression as well as combination of cold and warm drugs.[Conclusion]LIU Wansu treated fire and heat disease from depression of yang qi,providing new methods in treating fire and heat disease for later generations as well as guiding significance in current clinical work.
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[Objective]This paper will pitch-in TCM psychosomatic theory(from Huangdi Neijing),exploring the disorders of depression with the metabolic syndrome and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine,so as to provide effective ideas for the treatment of depression with metabolic syndrome.[Methods]:Through expansion on traditional chinese medicine's basic understanding of depression with metabolic syndrome,utilizing basic TCM viscera-state theory, from the causes of this disease,key factors,pathogenesis transformation three aspects to discuss the pathogenesis of the disease. [Results]By discussing the heart,liver,spleen function of zang-fu organs and their mutual relations in the role and impact of the disease development process, this paper thinks of the nature of disease as asthenia in origin and asthenia in superficiality,which locates in spleen,has association with heart and liver, phlegm, qi and blood stasis is the disease of pathological product of pathological factors to promote the development of the disease.Kidney would be involved in it with long course of disease.The therapy could focus on tonifying spleen,nourishing heart and soothing liver,with methods of promoting the circulation of qi,removing blood stasis and reducing phlegm,meanwhile looking out to protect kidney.[Conclusion]Disorder of depression and pathogenesis of TCM of metabolic syndrome,to guide the clinical treatment of the disease and the theory of traditional Chinese medicine development has practical significance.
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The authors analyze the theory of four-season health-preserving in Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor 《黄帝内经》).Combined with the unique natural climatic condition and the physical characteristics of population in the Lingnan area (the area south of the Five Ridges),the health-preserving concepts of local people and local famous Chinese medical physicians are explained from four seasons of spring,summer,autumn and winter.The four-season health-preserving concept in Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor has important guiding significance on the health care of people in Lingnan area.