Aspectos clínicos, radiográficos e estratégias terapêuticas da Síndrome de Eagle: revisão de literatura / Clinical, radiographic aspects and therapeutic strategies of Eagle Syndrome: literature review

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como propósito fornecer uma análise abrangente das características anatômicas, clínicas e radiográficas da Síndrome de Eagle, além de abordar os métodos de diagnóstico e estratégias terapêuticas. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma busca por artigos científicos publicados no período de 2016 a 2024, utilizando as bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e Google Scholar. A coleta de artigos foi realizada nos idiomas inglês e português, utilizando as palavras-chave: "síndrome de eagle", "síndrome estiloide", "síndrome da artéria carótida", "estilalgia", "eagle syndrome", "styloid syndrome", "carotid artery syndrome" e "stylalgia". Conclusão: Os profissionais devem estar atentos à síndrome de Eagle em casos de dor unilateral ao realizar atividades como engolir, bocejar e chorar, sem causa aparente, especialmente em mulheres adultas que não encontram alívio com analgésicos. Devido à frequência de casos assintomáticos, a realização precoce de exames radiológicos desempenha um papel crucial na avaliação diagnóstica. É essencial que profissionais de Otorrinolaringologia, Neurologia e Odontologia estejam cientes dessa síndrome, pois está associada a uma significativa deterioração na qualidade de vida. (AU)

Objective: This work aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the anatomical, clinical and radiographic characteristics of Eagle Syndrome, in addition to addressing diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies. Materials and methods: A search was carried out for scientific articles published between 2016 and 2024, using the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases. Articles were collected in English and Portuguese, using the keywords: "eagle syndrome", "styloid syndrome", "carotid artery syndrome", "stilalgia", "eagle syndrome", "styloid syndrome", "carotid artery syndrome" and "stylalgia". Conclusion: Professionals should be aware of Eagle syndrome in cases of unilateral pain when performing activities such as swallowing, yawning and crying, without an apparent cause, especially in adult women who do not find relief with analgesics. Due to the frequency of asymptomatic cases, early radiological examinations play a crucial role in diagnostic evaluation. It is essential that Otorhinolaryngology, Neurology and Dentistry professionals are aware of this syndrome, as it is associated with a significant deterioration in quality of life. (AU)

Estiloidectomía Bilateral por Abordaje Extraoral en Paciente con Síndrome de Eagle del Hospital San José, Chile: Reporte de un Caso y Revisión Actualizada de la Literatura

El síndrome de Eagle es una condición anatómica infrecuente caracterizada por la elongación del proceso estiloides generalmente por osificación del ligamento estilohioides. Clínicamente se presenta como una larga historia de dolor crónico cervicofacial tratado por múltiples especialistas y mediante variadas estrategias terapéuticas, caracterizado por sensación de cuerpo extraño faríngeo, trismus, disfagia, otalgia, tinitus, dificultad para la fonación y movilidad reducida del cuello. El promedio de longitud del proceso estiloides es de 2,5 cm. La etiología de este síndrome es poco conocida. El diagnóstico requiere de un alto índice de sospecha, basado fundamentalmente en la anamnesis y el examen físico que se confirma con tomografía computarizada o radiografía panorámica. Ya identificada la elongación, el paciente podrá recibir un tratamiento conservador o quirúrgico dependiendo de la severidad de los síntomas. El manejo conservador incluye fisioterapia, infiltración con anestésicos locales o corticoides y tratamiento con fármacos antiinflamatori os, anticonvulsivos o antidepresivos. El manejo quirúrgico consiste en fracturar el proceso estiloides bajo anestesia general, a través de abordajes transorales o transcervicales. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar el caso de una paciente de género femenino que consultó por dolor cervicofacial crónico bilateral en el servicio de Cirugía Cabeza y cuello y Maxilofacial del Hospital San José de Santiago y una revisión actualizada de la literatura sobre el síndrome de Eagle, abarcando sus aspectos clínicos relevantes enfocado en su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Eagle syndrome is a rare anatomical condition characterized by elongation of the styloid process, usually due to ossification of the stylohyoid ligament. Clinically, it presents as a long history of recurrent cervicofacial pain, treated by multiple specialists and through various therapeutic strategies, characterized by pharyngeal foreign body sensation, trismus, dysphagia, otalgia, tinnitus, difficulty with phonation and reduced mobility of the neck. The average length of the styloid process is 2.5 cm. The etiology of the syndrome is poorly understood. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, based mainly on history and physical examination confirmed with computed tomography (CT) or panoramic radiography. Once the elongation has been identified, the patient may receive conservative or surgical treatment depending on the severity of the symptoms. Conservative management includes physical therapy, infiltration with local anesthetics or corticosteroids, and treatment with anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, or antidepressant drugs. Surgical management consists of fracturing the styloid process under general anesthesia, through transoral or transcervical approaches. In this paper we present a case of a female patient who consulted for recurrent bilateral cervicofacial pain in the Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery service of San José Hospital in Santiago and an updated review on Eagle's syndrome literature, focused on relevant clinical aspects such as diagnosis and treatment.

Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in the maxillofacial region: a radiographic study

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in orofacial region and their panoramic radiographic characteristics using digital panoramic radiographs among patients reporting to a tertiary dental hospital. Methods: 1,578 digital panoramic radiographs were retrieved from the archives and scrutinized for the presence of calcifications. Soft tissue calcifications were recorded according to age, gender, site (left or right). Data were analysed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test using SPSS software and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the total number of radiographs, calcified carotid artery (34.3%), calcified stylohyoid ligament (21%), tonsillolith (10.3%), phlebolith (17.6%), antrolith (6.3%), sialolith (5.9%), rhinolith (2.5%) and calcified lymph nodes (1.9%) were identified. The most commonly observed calcifications were calcification of carotid artery and stylohyoid ligament and the least commonly observed calcifications were rhinolith and calcified lymph node. A statistically significant association of the presence of calcifications of carotid artery and stylohyoid ligament on the left and right side was observed in females and tonsillolith on the right side in males (p-value < 0.05). Considering the gender and age group, the occurrence of antrolith among males and rhinolith among females of young-adult population, tonsillolith among the males, calcified carotid artery and stylohyoid ligament among the females of middle-aged population was found to be significant. Conclusion: Soft tissue calcifications are often encountered in dental panoramic radiographs. Our study revealed that the soft tissue calcifications in orofacial region were more common in women and were found to be increased above 40 years of age

Resección transoral de la apófisis estiloides por síndrome de Eagle: caso clínico / Transoral resection of the stiloyd process for Eagle síndrome: case report

El síndrome de Eagle está caracterizado por una elongación o una curvatura medial excesiva de la apófisis estiloides o por una calcificación del ligamento estilohioideo que puede provocar dolor cervicofacial o síntomas neurológicos por la compresión de los vasos o nervios del cuello. El tratamiento más eficaz es el quirúrgico y consiste en la resección de la apófisis estiloides; puede ser realizado por vía externa o mediante un abordaje transoral. Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente con síndrome de Eagle que fue tratado con éxito mediante un abordaje transoral, sin amigdalectomía y con asistencia de endoscopios. (AU)

Eagle syndrome is characterized by an elongation or excessive medial curvature of the styloid process or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament that can cause cervicofacial pain or neurological symptoms due to compression of the vessels or nerves of the neck. The most effective treatment is surgical and consists of resection of the styloid process, it can be performed by externally or through a transoral approach.The clinical case of a patient with Eagle syndrome who was successfully treated by a transoral approach, without tonsillectomy and with the assistance of endoscopes, is described. (AU)

Mineralización del complejo estilohioideo en una población de Cuenca-Ecuador / Mineralization of the stylohyoid complex in a population from Cuenca-Ecuador

RESUMEN El complejo estilohioideo es una estructura ósea y ligamentosa, formada por varias entidades anatómicas como: la apófisis estiloides, el ligamento estilohioideo y el cuerno menor del hioides. La apófisis estiloides se origina en la porción timpánica del hueso temporal y mide en promedio 25 mm; en ocasiones puede encontrarse aumentada en longitud, situación que puede o no manifestarse con dolor. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de mineralización del complejo estilohioideo de pacientes de Ecuador mediante radiografías panorámicas digitales. Material y Métodos: Para ello se analizaron 2025 radiografías panorámicas digitales de pacientes de ambos sexos, de edades entre 12 a 92 años, del período comprendido entre los años 2015-2016. Se consideró como complejo estilohioideo mineralizado, cuando este sobrepasaba los 25mm. Resultados: Se observaron 2025 radiografías panorámicas,de las cuales 1206 (59,6%) radiografías, mostraron algún tipo de mineralización del complejo estilohioideo. De estas 1288 (63,6%) pertenecen al sexo femenino y 737 (36,4%) al sexo masculino. La presentación más frecuente fue bilateral. Además, se encontró que en los adultos mayores la prevalencia alcanzaba el 76%. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio se muestra que existe una alta prevalencia de mineralización del complejo estilohioideo en la población estudiada.

SUMMARY The stylohyoid complex is a bony and ligamentous structure, formed by several anatomical entities such as the styloid process, the stylohyoid ligament and the horn of the hyoid. The styloid process originates in the tympanic portion of the temporal bone and measures an average of 25 mm; sometimes it may be increased in length, a situation that may or may not have pain itself. Objective: To determine the prevalence of mineralization of the stylohyoid complex of patients at the country of Ecuador using digital panoramic radiographs. Material and methods: Analysis of 2025 digital panoramic radiographs of patients of both sexes, between 12 and 92 years of age, from the period 2015-2016. It was considered as mineralized stylohyoid complex, when it exceeded 25mm. Results: Of the 2025 panoramic radiographs, it was concluded that 1206 (59.6%) radiographs showed some type of mineralization of the stylohyoid complex. Of these 1288 (63.6%) belong to the female sex and 737 (36.4%) to the male sex. The most frequent presentation was bilateral. In addition, it was found that in older adults the prevalence reached 76%. Conclusions: In the present study it is shown that there is a high prevalence of mineralization of the stylohyoid complex in the population studied.

Eagle syndrome or foreign body throat?

Eagle syndrome is a rare condition caused by an elongated styloid process or abnormal calcification of the stylohyoid ligament complex. Patients typically present with recurrent throat pain, neck or facial pain, sensation of foreign body in the throat, or even dysphagia. The finding of an elongated styloid process is usually incidental, with patients having no related symptoms. Only patients with symptoms are diagnosed with Eagle syndrome. This condition may be difficult to diagnose due to its rarity and the nonspecific nature of signs and symptoms. Diagnosis is mainly by clinical assessment and confirmation with radiological evidence. We present a unique case of eagle syndrome in a patient who complained of acute neck pain after eating fish.

Osificación del ligamento estilohioideo como causa de dolor neuropático grave: enfoque del cirujano de cabeza y cuello / Ossification of the stylohyoid ligament as cause of severe neuropathic pain: approach by the head and neck surgeon

Introducción. La osificación de la cadena estilohioidea es una entidad poco frecuente que se caracteriza por dolor neuropático importante en la región facial y la cervical, secundario a la compresión mecánica de las estructuras vasculares y nerviosas del cuello. Tradicionalmente, se trata de una enfermedad de manejo por el otorrinolaringólogo, aunque en algunos casos es necesaria la intervención del cirujano de cabeza y cuello. Es por ello que, en el presente artículo, se presenta un reporte de caso y se hace una revisión de la literatura científica. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 65 años de edad que consultó por dolor cervical y facial serio, secundario a la osificación del complejo estilohioideo, con necesidad de manejo quirúrgico. Por medio de una cervicotomía, se extrajo la pieza osificada, sin complicaciones perioperatorias y resultados favorables. Discusión. La osificación del complejo estilohioideo es una situación poco frecuente, con un cuadro clínico inespecífico y mecanismos fisiopatológicos desconocidos, que puede llevar a circunstancias potencialmente mortales. Para llegar a su diagnóstico, se debe tener un alto grado de sospecha y se confirma con una tomografía de cuello con reconstrucción tridimensional. Su tratamiento es quirúrgico, aunque también se ha descrito el manejo médico. En la literatura médica, no existen estudios que comparen los métodos diagnósticos y terapéuticos para esta entidad, por lo cual, hasta el día de hoy, existen grandes controversias al respecto. Esto hace necesario que se lleven a cabo nuevas investigaciones en este campo

Introduction: Stylohyoid chain ossification is a rare entity characterized by severe neuropathic pain in the facial region secondary to mechanical compression of neurovascular structures of the neck. Traditionally it is a pathology that requires otorhinolaryngological management, although in some cases the intervention of the head and neck surgeon is necessary. That is why in this article we present the management of a patient with this pathology. Clinical case: Our case is a 65-year-old woman who consulted for severe neck and facial pain secondary to the ossification of the stylohyoid complex and the requirement for surgical management. By means of cervicotomy the ossified piece is extracted, without any perioperative complication and favorable results. Discussion: Stylohyoid chain ossification is a rare pathology, with a nonspecific clinical picture which can lead to potentially fatal circumstances. To reach the diagnosis, the surgeon is required to have a high degree of suspicion and confirmation with a neck CT scan with 3D reconstruction. The treatment for this entity is usually surgical, although medical management has also been described. There are no studies reported in the medical literature comparing the diagnostic and therapeutic methods for this entity, so that until today, major controversies in this regard still remains. It becomes necessary new research in this field

Síndrome de eagle: reporte de caso / Eagle syndrome: case report / Síndrome de eagle: relato de caso

Resumen El síndrome de Eagle se considera como la elongación del proceso estiloides con osificación del ligamento estilohioideo o sin él, que se extiende entre el hueso temporal y el hioides. El diagnóstico puede ser realizado principalmente con tomograña computarizada (TC) o radiografía panorámica, por su puesto sin dejar de lado la variedad de signos y síntomas, como dolor cervical, sensación de cuerpo extraño en la faringe, limitaciones en la apertura bucal, dificultad para la fonación, disfagia, otalgia, tinnitus, trismo y movilidad reducida del cuello. Ya identificada la elongación, el paciente podrá recibir un tratamiento conservador o quirúrgico dependiendo de la severidad de los síntomas. El manejo conservador incluye fisioterapia, infiltración con anestésicos locales o corticosteroides y el tratamiento con fármacos antiinflamatorios, anticonvulsivos o antidepresivos. El manejo quirúrgico consiste en fracturar el proceso estiloides bajo anestesia general, a través de abordajes transorales o transcervicales. A continuación, expondremos información pertinente sobre el síndrome de Eagle y posteriormente presentaremos un caso clínico de una paciente con dicho síndrome del servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital Militar Central.

Abstract Eagle syndrome is considered as the elongation of the styloid process with or without ossification of the stylohyoid ligament, which extends between the temporal bone and the hyoid. The diagnosis can be made mainly with computed tomography (CT) or panoramic radiography, of course without neglecting the variety of signs and symptoms, such as cervical pain, foreign body sensation in the pharynx, limitations in oral opening, difficulty in phonation, dysphagia, otalgia, tinnitus, trismus and reduced neck mobility. Once the elongation has been identified, the patient may receive conservative or surgical treatment depending on the severity of the symptoms. Conservative management includes physiotherapy, infiltration with local anesthetics or corticosteroids and treatment with anti-inflammatory, anticonvul sant or antidepressant drugs. Surgical management consists in fracturing the styloid process under general anesthesia, through transoral or transcervical approaches. Next, we will present pertinent information about the Eagle syndrome and then we will present a clinical case of a patient with said syndrome of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service of the Hospital Militar Central.

Resumo A síndrome de Eagle considera-se como o alongamento do processo estiloide com ossificação do ligamento estilo-hioideo ou sem ele, que se estende entre o osso temporal e os hioides. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado principalmente com tomografia computadorizada (TC) ou radiografia panorâmica, obviamente sem deixar de lado a variedade de sinais e sintomas, como dor cervical, sensação de corpo estranho na faringe, limitações na abertura bucal, dificuldade para a fonação, disfagia, otalgia, zumbido, trismo e mobilidade reduzida do pescoço. Já identificado o alongamento, o paciente poderá receber um tratamento conservador ou cirúrgico dependendo da gravidade dos sintomas. O tratamento conservador inclui fisioterapia, infiltração com anestésicos locais ou corticosteroides e o tratamento com fármacos anti-inflamatórios, anticonvulsivos ou antidepressivos. O tratamento cirúrgico consiste em fraturar o processo estiloide sob anestesia geral, por meio de abordagens intraorais ou transcervicais. A seguir, exporemos informação pertinente sobre a síndrome de Eagle e, posteriormente, apresentaremos um caso clínico de uma paciente com essa síndrome do serviço de Cirurgia Oral e Maxilofacial do Hospital Militar Central.

An Abnormally Long Styloid Process With Ossification Of The Stylohyoid Ligament

The styloid process of the temporal bone is an elongated bony projection presenting a variable length asdemonstrated in osteometric and radiological studies conducted with different techniques: three-dimensionalcomputed tomography (3dct) or dental panoramic three-dimensional scanning. An elongated styloid processcan cause neck pain , dysphagia, headache, sore throat, ear pain, mandibular dysfunction which characterizeEagle’s syndrome. Here we present a rare image of an abnormally long styloid process with ossification of leftstylohyoid ligament belonging to a bone collection of the local anatomical museum , part of our department,and discovered during routine osteology classes .Also if a direct relation between the length of the styloidprocess and syndrome of Eagle is not always obvious ,radiologists , neurologists,neurosurgeons, dentists,anesthetists and otolaryngologists could be aware of this bone anomaly to diagnose this syndrome

Dolor cervical atípico: síndrome de Eagle / Atypical neck pain: Eagle syndrome

Presentamos el caso de un varón de 45 años con dolor cervical derecho muy localizado, característico y persistente. El estudio radiológico nos permitió diagnosticar claramente un síndrome de Eagle. Por lo anterior el paciente fue sometido a cirugía de extirpación de apófisis estiloides derecha. El paciente evolucionó sin mayores complicaciones ni incidencias, y obteniendo la resolución del cuadro.

Here we introduce a 45-year-old man suffering from an intense, unique and permanent pain, located in his right neck. Radiology showed us signs leading to the diagnosis of Eagle Syndrome. Surgery of right Styloid apophysis removal, with no complications, letting the patient free of symptoms.

Retroauricular pain caused by Eagle syndrome: A rare presentation due to compression by styloid process elongation / Dor retroauricular causada pela síndrome de Eagle: uma apresentação rara por compressão pelo alongamento do processo estiloide

Summary Eagle syndrome is a rare condition presenting with retroauricular pain (usually as main symptom) associated with dysphagia, headache, neck pain on rotation and, much rarelier, stroke. This occurs due to styloid process elongation. Sometimes, there is also styloid ligament calcification, which can cause compression of nerves and arteries and the symptoms above. Treatment can be conservative with pain modulators (e.g. pregabalin) or infiltrations (steroids or anesthetics drugs). In refractory cases, surgical approach aiming to reduce the size of the styloid process can be performed. We present a rare case of Eagle syndrome (documented by computed tomography) with good response to clinical treatment.

Resumo A síndrome de Eagle é uma condição rara na qual ocorre dor retroauricular (usualmente é o principal sintoma) associada a disfagia, cefaleia, cervicalgia durante a rotação da cabeça e, mais raramente, a AVC. Isso ocorre por conta do alongamento do processo estiloide e, às vezes, há também calcificação do ligamento estiloide. Essas estruturas podem comprimir nervos e artérias causando os sintomas citados. O tratamento pode ser conservador com moduladores da dor, como pregabalina, ou com infiltrações (corticoides ou drogas anestésicas). Em casos refratários, cirurgia para reduzir o tamanho do processo estiloide pode ser realizada. É apresentado um caso raro de síndrome de Eagle (documentado com tomografia computadorizada) com boa resposta ao tratamento clínico.

Eagle syndrome: a narrative review / Síndrome de Eagle: una revisión narrativa

Abstract: painful disorders in the maxillofacial region are common in dental practice. Most of these conditions are not properly diagnosed because of inadequate knowledge of craniofacial and cervico-pharyngeal syndromes such as Eagle Syndrome. The aim of this review is to describe the general aspects, diagnosis and treatment of Eagle syndrome. Eagle syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome was first described by Watt W. Eagle in 1937. It was defined as orofacial pain related to the elongation of the styloid process and ligament stylohyoid calcification. The condition is accompanied by symptoms such as dysphonia, dysphagia, sore throat, glossitis, earache, tonsillitis, facial pain, headache, pain in the temporomandibular joint and inability to perform lateral movements of the neck. Diagnosis and treatment of Eagle syndrome based on symptoms and radiographic examination of the patient will determine the need for surgical or nonsurgical treatment. Eagle syndrome is a complex disorder demanding a thorough knowledge of its signs and symptoms to make a correct diagnosis and provide an appropriate subsequent treatment. Disseminating information about this syndrome among medical-dental professionals is essential to provide adequate dental care to patients.

Resumen: en la práctica odontológica, es frecuente encontrar alteraciones con sintomatología dolorosa en la región maxilofacial, las cuales no son apropiadamente diagnosticadas, a causa del desconocimiento de síndromes craneofaciales y cervicofaríngeos, como el Síndrome de Eagle. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los aspectos generales, diagnóstico y tratamiento del Síndrome de Eagle. El Síndrome de Eagle o estilalgia es la entidad nosológica, descrita por Watt W. Eagle en 1937, definida como aquel dolor orofacial relacionado con la elongación de la apófisis estiloides y calcificación del ligamento estilohioideo; el cual está acompañado de síntomas como: disfonía, disfagia, dolor faríngeo, glositis, otalgia, tonsilitis, dolor facial, cefalea, odinofagia, dolor en la articulación temporomandibular e imposibilidad de realizar movimientos laterales del cuello. El diagnóstico y tratamiento del Síndrome de Eagle está basado en la sintomatología y el examen radiográfico del paciente, lo cual determinará el tratamiento quirúrgico o no quirúrgico. El Síndrome de Eagle es una patología compleja que requiere un conocimiento amplio de sus signos y síntomas, para establecer un correcto diagnóstico y posteriormente un adecuado tratamiento. Para ello, es necesario difundir la información sobre este síndrome entre los profesionales médico-odontológico y así brindar una atención adecuada a cada uno de los pacientes.

Síndrome de Eagle: revisión de la literatura / Eagle syndrome: literature review

El síndrome de Eagle es una condición infrecuente caracterizada por una elongación de la apófisis estiloides y/o una calcificación del ligamento estilohioideo. Clinicamente los pacientes presentan una larga historia de dolor crónico cervicofacial, tratado por múltiples especialistas y mediante variadas estrategias terapéuticas. El diagnóstico requiere de un alto índice de sospecha, basado fundamentalmente en la anamnesis y el examen físico. Presentamos una revisión y actualización sobre el síndrome de Eagle, abarcando sus aspectos clínicos relevantes, su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Eagle syndrome is a rare condition characterized by an elongation of the styloid process and /or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. Clinically, patients present with a history of chronic cervicofacial pain, treated by multiple specialists and through various therapeutic strategies. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, based primarily on the history and physical examination. We review and update on Eagle syndrome, covering their relevant clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment.

Síndrome de Eagle. Manejo del paciente en el Hospital Regional «Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos¼ / Eagle's syndrome. Patient handling at the «Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos¼ Hospital Mexico City

El síndrome de Eagle es definido como la elongación del proceso estiloides y calcificación del ligamento estilohioideo, se caracteriza por sintomatología dolorosa faríngea, odinofagia, disfagia, cefalea, irradiación de dolor a oreja y dolor cervical. El promedio de longitud del proceso estiloides es de 2.5 cm. La etiología del síndrome es poco conocida. Se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 53 años de edad con cervicalgia, dolor en región lateral del cuello, limitación de movimientos de lateralidad del cuello. Inicia protocolo para exéresis de ligamento estilohioideo por abordaje extraoral de tipo submandibular extendido. El objetivo del artículo es dar a conocer las ventajas del abordaje extraoral para esta patología, así como la terapia complementaria postquirúrgica empleada en el Hospital Regional «Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos¼ del ISSSTE.

Eagle's syndrome can be defined as the elongation of the styloid process and the calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. It is characterized by painful pharyngeal symptoms, odynophagia, dysphagia, headaches, pain irradiation to the ear and cervical pain. The average length of the styloid process is 2.5 cm. Eagle's syndrome etiology is not well known. The present study reports the case of a 53 year old male patient who presented cervical pain, pain at the lateral region of the neck, as well as limitations in neck lateral movements. Protocol was initiated for stylohyoid ligament resection via extended sub-mandibular extra-oral approach. The aim of the present article was to raise awareness on the advantages of extraoral approach in these cases, as well as supplementary postsurgical therapy used at the Regional Hospital «Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos¼, ISSSTE (Mexico).

Morphometric and radiological evaluation of the stylohyoid complex in man.

Styloid process is a long & slender part of temporal bone. It measures 2 to 3 cms in length and lies antero-medial to the mastoid process. An elongated and abnormally angulated styloid process can compress the vital vessels and nerves close to it .This can lead to pain, foreign body sensation in the pharyngeal region, compression dysphagia, cervical pain, Eagle’s syndrome. Eagle’s syndrome is often misdiagnosed due to its vague symptomatology. The diagnosis relies on detail history taking, palpation of styloid process in tonsillar fossa and imaging modalities. The awareness of the embryological cause and the clinical implications of an elongated styloid process are important for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Morphological study of styloid process of the temporal bone and its clinical implications / 대한해부학회지

The objective of this study was to study the morphometry of the styloid process of temporal bone and prevalence of elongated styloid process. The morphology of elongated styloid process along with its embryological and clinical importance are discussed. The present study included 110 human dry skulls which were procured from the bone collections of the department of anatomy. The styloid process was observed macroscopically on both sides of all the skulls, the elongations if any were noted. All the styloids were measured for their length, thickness at different levels and interstyloid distance at various levels. Out of 110 specimens, only 5 skulls (4.5%) exhibited the elongated styloid process. Among them, 3 skulls (2.7%) had unilateral elongation and 2 skulls (1.8%) had bilateral elongation of the styloid process. The mean length of the styloid process was 17.8+/-9.3 mm and 18.2+/-5.6 mm for the right and left sides, respectively. The prevalence of elongated styloid process in the present study was 4.5%. The clinical anatomy of this congenital variant is important to the neurosurgeon and radiologist, while interpreting the computed tomogram and magnetic resonance image scans. The morphological knowledge of elongated styloid process is clinically important since the course of the vertebral artery may be distorted in such situations.

Elongated Styloid Process: A Report Of Two Cadaveric Cases.

Introduction: Styloid process is a part of temporal bone. It measures 2 to 3 cms in length and lies antero-medial to the mastoid process. An elongated styloid process can compress the vital vessels and nerves close to it. This can lead to pain, foreign body sensation in the pharyngeal region and can also cause dysphagia. Observation: During routine dissection, we encountered elongated styloid process in two cadavers. In one it was unilateral and in another it was bilateral. The measurements of the elongated styloid process were taken using digital Vernier slide calipers. Conclusion: The awareness of the embryological cause and the clinical implications of an elongated styloid process are important for accurate diagnosis and treatment

Cuadro sincopal en el contexto del síndrome de Eagle / Episode of syncope in Eagles syndrome

El síndrome de Eagle es una patología infrecuente, caracterizada por la presencia de dolor cervicofacial, cefalea y calambres que se proyectan en la garganta, en el cuello y en el oído. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 36 años, con historia de tumefacción cervical, sensación de irritación faríngea y síncope, en la que en los estudios radiológicos se encontró una osificación total de ambos ligamentos estilohioideo, causante de su cuadro sincopal por compresión carotídea.

Eagle's syndrome is an infrequent pathology characterized by the presence of cervicofacial pain, headache and cramps that are projected in the throat, neck and ear. We reported a case of a 36 year-old woman with a history of cervical swelling, sore throat and syncope, which on imaging studies was found ossification both stylohyoid ligaments, causing carotid compression and syncope.

A Case of Eagle's Syndrome after Blunt Neck Trauma / 대한이비인후과학회지

Eagle's syndrome has various symptoms at cervico-facial lesion. Recently, we have experienced a case of Eagle's syndrome that developed after a blunt neck trauma. A 51-year-old man presented with a click sound when he turned his head to the right. The symptom had developed after a traffic accident that occurred 2 months ago. Physical examination revealed a long styloid process that was easily palpable and burging out into the right tonsillar fossa. Radiologic examination did not reveal any presence of fracture on stylohyoid complex including stylohyoid ligament. We underwent a transoral resection of styloid process and released a stylohyoid ligament. The patient immediately experienced a relief of the symptom following the operation. It might be elucidated that the patient had an elongated styloid process and that the neck trauma had developed due to the dislocation or pseudoarticulation between stylohyoid ligament and the hyoid bone. Transoral resection of styloid process released pseudoarticulation and relieved the symptom.

Nonsurgical treatment of stylohyoid (Eagle) syndrome: a case report

Eagle syndrome is a rare condition caused by elongation of the styloid process or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. Patients with Eagle syndrome typically present with dysphagia, dysphonia, cough, voice changes, otalgia, sore throat, facial pain, foreign body sensation, headache, vertigo, and neck pain. Here we report a case in which the patient initially presented with sore throat, left-sided facial pain, and cough. This case report provides a brief review of the diagnosis and nonsurgical management of this rare syndrome.