ABSTRACT
Resumen El consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana presenta una alta prevalencia entre adultos emergentes universitarios. Una variable que incide en el consumo de estas tres sustancias psicoactivas es la percepción de riesgo asociada a dicha conducta. Este estudio examinó -en adultos emergentes universitarios argentinos- la relación bi o multivariada, entre el riesgo percibido de consumir alcohol, tabaco y marihuana, y el consumo propiamente dicho de estas sustancias. Se analizaron también variaciones en la percepción de riesgo en función del sexo y del tipo de consumo (con y sin consumo episódico excesivo de alcohol [CEEA], con y sin consumo de tabaco o marihuana). La muestra final, no probabilística y de carácter accidental, estuvo compuesta por 279 estudiantes universitarios (75.6% mujeres; M edad = 23.02; DE = 3.36) que completaron un cuestionario online. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción de riesgo (global y para indicadores individuales) en función del sexo y del tipo de consumo. A su vez, el sexo (i.e., ser hombre) y la mayor frecuencia de CEEA, de consumo de tabaco y marihuana se asociaron a la percepción de un menor riesgo atribuido al consumo de cada sustancia. Los hallazgos sugieren que las conductas de consumo frecuente e intensivo podrían ser el foco de intervenciones para corregir posibles sesgos en la interpretación o valoración del riesgo percibido.
Abstract Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana consumption is highly prevalent among emerging adult college students. One of the variables influencing the consumption of these three psychoactive substances is the perception of risk associated with such behavior. This work examined bivariate and multivariate relationships between risk perception of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use, and the use of those substances, in Argentinian emerging adults that attend college. Additionally, we analyzed differences in risk perception in regards of gender. A sample of 279 college students (75.6% women; M age = 23.02; SD = 3.36) completed an online survey. We used a non-probabilistic and accidental sampling. We found significant differences in risk perception as a function of gender and type of consumption (i.e., with/without heavy episodic drinking [HED], with or without tobacco/marijuana use). Being men and exhibiting a higher frequency of HED, tobacco or marijuana consumption were significantly associated to the perception of a lower risk attributed to each substance. These findings suggests that frequent and intensive substance use behaviors could be the focus for interventions to correct risk perceptions.
ABSTRACT
Early adulthood is a critical stage in life cycle. Weight change during this period boasts several significant physiological features, and is suggested to have an effect on future cardiometabolic health. However, few studies have systematically described the association of weight change in early adulthood with long-term cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, we tried to comprehensively summarize the influence of different weight change patterns during early adulthood on cardiovascular diseases, and discuss some potentials in future research.
ABSTRACT
Background: Overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risk for global deaths. Objectives of this study was to know the prevalence of obesity and overweight among students and to assess the knowledge of these students pertaining to hazards of obesity and its preventive measures.Methods: The interventional study was undertaken among students of Government Science college of Vadnagar city, Gujarat during March to October 2019. A universal sampling method was employed, and all 473 students of college were included as subjects in the study. After obtaining informed written consent all students were examined and BMI were calculated. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were determined based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria and a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to each of the participants. Single educational training for 45 minutes was given to the students and their post- intervention knowledge for same was assessed after the training. Thus, collected data was analyzed using SPSS 17.Results: The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 8.0% and 15.0% respectively. Baseline knowledge of the students regarding hazards of obesity like hypertension, cancer, heart attack and diabetes mellitus was 16.1%, 18.2%, 20.1% and 21.8% respectively which was significantly increased to 96.8%, 97.9%, 99.4% and 99.6% respectively. Baseline knowledge of the students regarding preventive measure of obesity like avoiding junk food/ healthy diet, exercise and meditation was 17.1%, 19.7% and 11.4% respectively which was significantly increased to 97.7%, 98.9 and 99.2% respectively.Conclusions: Efforts should be directed towards educating these students regarding obesity to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases.
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Background: Many adult health problems e.g. hypertension, diabetes has their early origins in early adulthood, because this is the time when lifestyles are formed. Objective of this study was to determine the level of awareness among college students regarding hypertension and its preventive measures before and after educational interventional training.Methods: An interventional study conducted in college students of Government Science college of Vadnagar city, Gujarat. Duration of the study was March to October 2019. Total 100 students between the age group of 17-19 were included after written informed consent. Baseline knowledge of students regarding hypertension and its preventive measures was assessed by pre-designed, pre-tested and semi structured questionnaire. Single educational interventional training for 45 minutes was given to selected students. Post- intervention knowledge of students for the same was assessed after training. Thus, collected data was analyzed using SPSS 17 (Trial Version).Results: Baseline knowledge of the students regarding normal range of blood pressure, risk factors of hypertension and signs and symptoms of hypertension was 21%, 30% and 40% respectively which was significantly increased to 64%, 79% and 72% respectively after educational intervention. Baseline knowledge of the students regarding preventive measures of hypertension like avoiding junk food/ healthy diet, exercise and meditation was 26%, 29% and 6% respectively which was significantly increased to 79%, 81% and 72% respectively after educational intervention.Conclusions: Efforts should be directed towards educating the college students about hypertension to change their lifestyles and reduce the incidence of hypertension in later life.
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The life of a student in college has always been challenging. Their stress is not just restricted to academics, but could come from various sources such as family conflicts, independent living, financial, health, peer pressure and romantic relationships. In this study 479 undergraduate and postgraduate students were assessed for perceived stress. On the Perceived stress scale, the mean score was 19.36. Female students, students with siblings and those belonging to single parent families or orphans had marginally higher levels of perceived stress. Those students staying with their family and attending college had significantly lower stress scores compared to the other students either staying in the college hostel or outside the college premises on their own or with friends or staying with their relatives and attending college. The ways in which the students cope with stress can have significant short and long term consequences on their physical and emotional health.
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Abstract Adipose tissue is a vital component of the human body, but in excess, it represents a risk to health. According to the World Health Organization, one of the main factors determining excessive body adiposity is the dietary habit. This systematic review investigated longitudinal studies that assessed the association between diet and body fat in adolescents and young adults. Twenty-one relevant papers published between 2001 and 2015 were selected. The most used method for estimating body fat was the body mass index (15 studies). Diet was most commonly assessed by estimating the consumption of food groups (cereals, milk and dairy products) and specific foods (sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, fast foods, milk, etc.). Ten studies found a direct association between diet and quantity of body fat. During adolescence, adhering to a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of energy-dense food, fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and soft drinks, as well as low fiber intake, appears to contribute to an increase in body fat in early adulthood. The findings of the present study suggest that the frequent consumption of unhealthy foods and food groups (higher energy density and lower nutrient content) in adolescence is associated with higher quantity of body fat in early adulthood.
Resumo O tecido adiposo é um componente vital do corpo humano, mas em excesso representa risco à saúde. Conforme a Organização Mundial da Saúde, um dos principais fatores determinantes do excesso de peso é o hábito alimentar. Essa revisão sistemática investigou estudos longitudinais que avaliaram a relação entre dieta e gordura corporal em adolescentes e adultos jovens. Vinte e um artigos publicados de 2001 a 2015 foram selecionados. O método mais utilizado para estimar gordura corporal foi o índice de massa corporal (15 estudos). A dieta foi avaliada principalmente pelo consumo de grupos alimentares (cereais, leite e produtos lácteos) e alimentos específicos (bebidas açucaradas, refrigerantes, “fast foods”, leite e etc.). Dez estudos encontraram uma associação direta entre dieta e quantidade de gordura corporal. Um padrão alimentar com alto consumo energético e de gordura e baixo de fibras e o hábito de consumir “fast foods”, bebidas açucaradas e refrigerantes na adolescência, contribuíram para um aumento da gordura corporal no início da vida adulta. Os achados deste estudo sugerem que o consumo de alimentos específicos e grupos de alimentos não saudáveis (alta densidade energética e baixo conteúdo de nutrientes) na adolescência e início da vida adulta estão associados com maior quantidade de gordura corporal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Diet/standards , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Body Mass Index , Age FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: South Korean's sodium consumption level is more than twice the upper limit level suggested by the WHO. Steep increases in the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in Korea necessitate more effective sodium reduction programs. This study was conducted in order to compare sodium intake-related eating behaviors and key psychosocial factors according to age group and gender. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using an online survey, a total of 1,564 adults (20-59 years old) considered to be geographically representative of South Korea were recruited and surveyed. The major outcomes were perceived behaviors, knowledge, intentions, and self-efficacy related to sodium intake. RESULTS: The results show that perceived behavior and level of self-efficacy related to low sodium consumption differed by age and gender. Female participants showed better behavior and intention towards low sodium intake than male counterparts. Young participants in their 20s showed the lowest intention to change their current sodium intake as well as lowest self-efficacy measures. CONCLUSIONS: Future sodium reduction interventions should be developed with tailored messages targeting different age and gender groups. Specifically, interventions can be planned and implemented at the college level or for workers in their early career to increase their intention and self-efficacy as a means of preventing future health complications associated with high sodium intake.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cardiovascular Diseases , Feeding Behavior , Hypertension , Intention , Korea , Prevalence , Psychology , Social Marketing , SodiumABSTRACT
This article mainly discusses the relationship between the active treatment concept of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its positive outcome in long-term prognosis,which is the overall prognosis of SLE benefits from the improvement on the liying conditions of patients with lupus nephritis (LN).Although more argumentations are still required in regards to whether to use the different general conclusions of the meta analysis between the childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) and the early adulthood-onset SLE patients at the same age as more proactive induction therapy in early phase,yet the time point for early therapy before clinical symptoms appearing can be determined and thereby positive anticipation can be achieved through keeping the difference between the long-term prognosis of the cSLE and the adult-onset patients as evidences,and making in-depth study on the innate laws of the heterogeneity of cSLE,meanwhile giving biological markers more application which can be highly reliable in reflecting the morbid status,supported by the study outcomes of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics and further optimization of current immunoregulation/immune inhibitors approaches (as evidences required by long-term effects).