ABSTRACT
Background: It is very important to know the variant anatomy of the cystic duct as it is a very small structure which is often given less importance to identify the anatomical variant that can end up in severe complications during invasive procedures. The aim of this study was to identify the various anatomical variations in the cystic duct that are found in the Pondicherry population by Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and to correlate the length and width of the cystic duct with the sex and age of the patient to see that if there is any correlation. Materials and methods: This study included 226 cases that were referred for MRCP for various indications. All the patients between 20 to 80 years of age were included in the study which the exception of those having pathologies involving the gallbladder or the cystic duct itself. The images were evaluated and the variants, the length and the width of the cystic duct were documented. Results: A total of 120 male and 10 female patients were evaluated. The most common variant identified was the posterior insertion of the cystic duct (CD) into the common hepatic duct (CHD) (33.2%). The second and third most common variants included proximal lateral (23%) and middle lateral (14.6%) insertion of the CD into the CHD. The mean length of the cystic duct in males and females were found to be 27.41±5.20 mm and 27.79±7.43 mm respectively. Similarly, width of the cystic duct was 2.67±0.51 mm in males and 2.85±0.53 mm in females. On correlating with the age, the width of the cystic duct was found to have strong correlation. Sahadevan Vijay, Siddarth Ragupathi. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographic evaluation of cystic duct anatomical variants in Pondicherry population. IAIM, 2019; 6(6): 81-86. Page 82 Conclusion: MRCP is an optimal imaging modality to identify the anatomical variants to guide the surgeons. In Pondicherry population, the most common anatomical variant of cystic duct is the posterior insertion of the CD with the CHD. There is significant correlation with the width of the cystic duct and the age of the patient.
ABSTRACT
Tissue array contains hundreds or thousands tissues from different cases, and has been known useful for rapid analysis of markers in a large numbered work. This has mainly been used in investigative purpose, and few has been reported for diagnostic trial. Diagnosis of early myocardial infarction is important in medicolegal field. Immunohistochemical staining using various antibodies has become a popular tool for this purpose, but standardization and reproducibility have been problems. Use of tissue array is promising in this points. We have made two cardiac tissue arrays using 87 different cases and have verified the feasibility of tissue array in forensic field. Experiences and several issues concerning tissue array are discussed.
Subject(s)
Antibodies , Diagnosis , Heart , Immunohistochemistry , Myocardial InfarctionABSTRACT
Experimental acute myocardial ischemia model of rat was established, and the changes of C5 complement in the ischemic myocardia were studied with immunohistochemistry and image analysis technique. The results showed that the positive reaction of C5 could be observed in ischemic myocardia at 15 min after ischemia, and the positive reaction area increased along with the prolongation of the ischemic period. It is concluded that the positive reaction of C5 in cardiomyocytes is a quite sensitive marker of early myocardial ischaemia.The immunohistochemical detection of C5 in cardiomyocytes will be a meaningful tool for the postmortem diagnosis of early myocardial ischaemia.