Productividad y curvas de crecimiento usando modelos no lineales en un cruce de ovino de pelo colombiano x pelibuey

Los ovinos criollos de pelo (OCP) desarrollaron ventajas adaptativas al climática tropical, que le permiten tener resistencia a enfermedades, alta fertilidad y prolificidad; sin embargo, se reportan pocas investigaciones sobre la productividad de los OCP en sistemas asociados al cultivo de la caña, lo que hace necesario realizar investigaciones, que permitan fomentar sus atributos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la productividad y el desarrollo corporal de un cruce de OCP, mediante parámetros productivos y curvas de crecimiento. Se utilizaron 180 animales de partos simples y múltiples; se registró el peso al nacimiento (PN), al destete (PD), a los 210 días (PAJ210) y las ganancias diarias predestete (GDPRE) y posdestete (GDPOS). Los datos, se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, con un GLM, con los efectos sexo (S), tipo de nacimiento (TN), número de partos (NP) y época de nacimiento (EPONAC). Se emplearon los modelos no lineales Gompertz, Logístico, Brody, Richards y Von Bertalanffy, en 1.455 registros de pesos, a diferentes edades, para realizar las curvas de crecimiento. Los análisis, se efectuaron con el paquete estadístico SAS. Se consideraron los coeficientes R2, AIC y BIC, obtenidos por el método de Gauss-Newton, para seleccionar el modelo de mejor ajuste. Los machos presentaron mayores promedios en las variables PN, PD, PAJ210 y GDPOS. El TN afectó todas las variables; el PN y las GDPOS fueron afectadas por el NP y, la EPONAC, afectó PN, las GDPRE, el PAJ210 y las GDPOS. El modelo de mejor ajuste para las curvas de crecimiento fue la de Richards.

The creole hair sheep (CHS) developed adaptive advantages to the tropical climate, which allow them to have resistance to diseases, high fertility and prolificacy. Currently, there is little research on the productivity of CHS in systems associated with the cultivation of sugarcane, which makes it necessary to carry out research to promote its attributes. The purpose of this research was to analyze the productivity and body development of a crossing of CHS, using production parameters and growth curves.180 animals of single and multiple births were used; the follow weight was recorded: at birth (WB), at weaning (WW); at 210 days (W210), and furthermore, daily gains of pre-weaning (WDPRE) and post-weaning (WPPOS) were recorded. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with a GLM with the effects sex (S), type of birth (TB), number of births (NB) and period of birth (PB). The non-linear models Gompertz, Logistic, Brody, Richards and Von Bertalanffy were used in 1455 records of weights at different ages to perform growth curves. All analyzes were performed with the SAS statistical package. The R2, AIC and BIC coefficients obtained by the Gauss-Newton method were considered to select the best fit model. The males presented higher averages in the variables WB, WW, W210) and WPOS. The TB affected all the variables; The WB and the WPPOS were affected by the NB and the PB affected the WB, the WDPRE, the W210 and the WPPOS. The best fit model for the growth curves was of Richards.

Gerenciamento de resultados e ciclo eleitoral em municípios brasileiros / Gestión de ganancias y ciclo electoral en municipios brasileños / Earnings management and electoral cycle in Brazilian municipalities

Resumo O regime de competência tem sido gradualmente implementado no setor público brasileiro, ampliando o uso de estimativas para sua aplicação. Apesar de ter o objetivo de contribuir para a tomada de decisão, sabe-se que julgamentos também podem ser empregados para gerenciar a percepção sobre a performance. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a relação entre o ciclo eleitoral e a prática de gerenciamento de resultados nos municípios brasileiros. Os testes de análise da distribuição de frequência indicam que há descontinuidade em torno do resultado nulo, além de uma relação positiva entre o nível de gerenciamento de resultados e a probabilidade de o município apresentar um superávit logo acima de zero ("pequeno superávit"). Também foi evidenciado o aumento dos níveis de gerenciamento em períodos pré-eleitorais, bem como ambientes de maior nível de competição política. Portanto, há evidências de práticas de gerenciamento de resultados em função do ciclo eleitoral. O trabalho pretende suprir um pouco da falta de informação sobre o tema no setor público, bem como da identificação de padrões de comportamento oportunista por parte dos gestores locais brasileiros e sua inter-relação com os ciclos eleitorais.

Resumen El régimen de competencia se está implementando gradualmente en el sector público brasileño, lo que resulta en el uso de estimaciones para su aplicación. Aunque el objetivo principal es contribuir a la toma de decisiones, los juicios también se pueden utilizar para gestionar las percepciones sobre el rendimiento. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este estudio es evaluar la relación entre el ciclo electoral y las prácticas de gestión de ingresos en los municipios brasileños. Las pruebas basadas en la distribución de frecuencias indican que hay una discontinuidad alrededor de cero ganancias y que los municipios con "pequeños excedentes" presentan niveles más altos de los accruals discrecionales. Finalmente, presentamos evidencia empírica de que hay un aumento en el nivel de gestión de ingresos en los períodos preelectorales, que se mitiga en entornos con mayor competencia política. En conjunto, la evidencia empírica indica que existe una relación entre las prácticas de gestión de ingresos y el ciclo electoral. El estudio contribuye a la literatura cada vez mayor sobre la calidad de los ingresos en el sector público, ayudando a identificar circunstancias que pueden conducir a un comportamiento oportunista por parte de los administradores públicos, especialmente en relación con las elecciones.

Abstract The accruals basis of accounting is gradually being implemented in the Brazilian public sector, which has increased the use of estimates. Although the judgments' main objective is to contribute to decision-making, they can also be used to manage perceptions on performance. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the electoral cycle and earnings management practices in Brazilian municipalities. Tests based on frequency distribution were conducted, indicating a discontinuity around zero earnings and suggesting that municipalities with 'small surpluses' present higher levels of discretionary accruals. Finally, we gathered empirical evidence of an increase in the level of earnings management in the pre-electoral periods, which is mitigated in environments with strong political competition. The empirical findings indicate a correlation between earnings management practices and the electoral cycle. The study contributes to a growing literature about earnings management in the public sector, helping to identify circumstances that can lead to opportunistic behavior by public managers, especially in relation to elections.

Child malnutrition in Toamasina hospital: the determining role of the socio economic conditions of the mother

Background: The severe malnutrition is the background of infant mortality in Toamasina region. In spite of the efforts given to the care of those undernourished, this medical scourge always clamps down in national scale. A wider look shows that it is not only a health problem but also socio economic. Our study has as goal to detect the degree of influence of socio economic conditions of mothers about nutritional and weights condition of the childrenespecially in hospitals.Methods: We led a cross descriptive retrospective study based on hospitalized children records in Intensive Nutritional Recovery Center (INRC) of the University Hospital Center (UHC) of Toamasina during 2017.Results: 150 children have been included in the study. The average age of children is 11 months and there is no particular difference found concerning their gender. The breastfeeding was found in most of the case (90%). Concerning the mother, the average age is 21, 5. Those mothers were singles in 76.67% of the cases and practiced informal activities in 62% of the cases. We have deplored 3 deaths during our study period.Conclusions: The poor socio economic condition of the mothers influences considerably the risk to expose the children less than 5 years to the malnutrition. A combined action between health workers and economists is compulsory so as to get through this scourge.

Distance exercised during submaximal training on race winnings for Thoroughbred racehorses / Distância percorrida durante treinamento submáximo sobre rendimentos de cavalos de corrida da raça Puro Sangue Inglês

Evaluations of the physical fitness of Thoroughbred racehorses have been correlated with race earnings, but few reports exist about the influence of the distance exercised during training on both physical conditioning indices and financial productivity. During one training season sixteen claiming Thoroughbred horses were subjected to submaximal training and monitored by a global positioning system (GPS) coupled to a heart rate monitor. After initial and single monitoring, the horses were distributed into two groups of eight individuals each; one group exercised short distances (SD) between 1600 and 1900m, while the other exercised long distances (LD) between 2000 and 2350m. The duration (min) and mean and maximal velocities (ms-1)attained during each session were determined, as well as the difference in distances exercised (m) between official races and each training session. Blood lactate concentration ([LA]) during recovery was also determined. Student's t-test was used for a non-paired analysis, with P≤0.05 considered significant. The winnings (USD) of each horse were correlated with the peak heart rate (HRpeak) attained during the training session. The distances exercised in the training sessions were greater in relation to the official races distances by 24.7% and 40% for SD and LD, respectively. Lactatemia did not differ between the groups. The HRpeak obtained during the training session was lower in LD group. The velocity at which the heart rate reached 200 bpm (V200) was higher in LD group. There was a moderate correlation (r= 0.42) between the highest winnings and lowest HRpeak. The horses that ran longer distances during their submaximal training session had better cardiac conditioning and tendency to increase financial productivity.

Avaliações da aptidão física de cavalos Puro Sangue Inglês (PSI) têm sido correlacionadas com o ganho financeiro, mas a influência da distância percorrida durante o treinamento, tanto sobre índices de condicionamento físico como na produtividade financeira tem sido pouco relatada. Monitoraram-se, por meio de global positioning system (GPS) acoplado a frequencímetro, numa temporada de treinamento, dezesseis equinos da raça PSI, de uma mesma categoria, submetidos a treinamento submáximo. Após o monitoramento inicial e único de uma sessão de treino, os equinos foram distribuídos em dois grupos de oito componentes (DC e DL) diferenciados de acordo com a distância percorrida durante cada sessão de treino, sendo DC para distância curta e DL para distância longa. Dessa maneira, DC e DL percorreram distâncias entre 1600-1900 e 2000-2350 metros, respectivamente. Determinaram-se o tempo e as velocidades médias e máximas atingidas (m s-1), bem como a diferença entre as distâncias percorridas (m) entre as corridas oficiais e as sessões. A produção de lactato sanguíneo durante a recuperação foi quantificada. Empregou-se teste t de student para análise não pareada, sendo P≤0,05. Correlacionaram-se os ganhos financeiros (USD) de cada cavalo com afrequência cardíaca de pico (FCpico) atingidas durante as sessões. As distâncias percorridas nos treinos foram maiores em relação às corridas oficiais em 24,7% e 40% para DC e DL, respectivamente. A lactatemia não diferiu entre os grupos. A frequência cardíaca de pico (FCpico) obtida durante as sessões foi menor para o grupo DL. A velocidade que a frequência cardíaca atingiu 200 bpm (V200) foi maior para DL. Houve correlação moderada entre os maiores ganhos financeiros e menores FCpico. Os cavalos que treinaram maiores distâncias durante sessões de treinamento submáximo tiveram melhor condicionamento cardíaco e maior produtividade financeira.

Trend of Mortality Rate and Injury Burden of Transport Accidents, Suicides, and Falls / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: Recently injury has become a major world-wide health problem. But studies in Korea about injuries were very few. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the trend of major injuries from 1991 to 2006 and to provide basic data for preventing injuries. METHODS: This study was based on the National Statistical Office data from 1991 to 2006 and calculated to estimate the burden of major injuries by using the standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) and total lost earnings equation. RESULTS: For transport accidents, mortality, SEYLL and total lost earnings were increased from 1991 to 1996 and decreased from 2000 to 2006. On the other hand, for suicides, these were increased gradually. Since 2003, falls were included in ten leading causes of death. This study showed that injury causes major social and economical losses. CONCLUSIONS: We could reduce injury related premature death through active interest in injury prevention program.