Prácticas de crianza en alimentación, conducta alimentaria y riesgo de diabetes: Una revisión sistemática / Parenting practices in feeding, eating behavior and risk of diabetes: A systematic review

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las prácticas de crianza en alimentación y la conducta alimentaria han sido ampliamente estudiadas en niños, sin embargo, es necesario proporcionar información sobre su impacto en adultos. La evidencia sugiere que las prácticas de crianza en alimentación pueden tener un impacto en la conducta alimentarias emocional, descontrolada, restrictiva y desordenada, las cuales están asociadas con el incremento del Índice de masa corporal (IMC), el sobrepeso y la obesidad, mismos que se encuentran como principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de DT2. OBJETIVO: analizar través de una revisión sistemática la evidencia existente acerca de la relación entre las prácticas de crianza en alimentación, la conducta alimentaria y el riesgo de diabetes en adultos. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura publicada de 2013 a 2023 en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Clarivate Science Citation Index Expanded y SpringerLink. Se identificaron 459 estudios, luego de aplicar los criterios de exclusión, se revisaron 15 estudios en total. RESULTADOS: Las subescalas de las prácticas de crianza en alimentación más empleadas fueron: preocupación, control, presión para comer y restricción. Se encontró asociación entre las prácticas de crianza en alimentación, la conducta alimentaria y el incremento del IMC. CONCLUSIÓN: Se consideran insuficientes las investigaciones que muestran el impacto de las prácticas de crianza en alimentación sobre la conducta alimentaria y si estas a su vez tienen efectos en el riesgo de diabetes en la etapa adulta.

INTRODUCTION: Parenting practices in feeding and eating behavior have been widely studied in children, however, it is necessary to provide information on their impact on adults. The evidence suggests that parenting practices in feeding can have an impact on emotional, uncontrolled, restrictive and disordered eating behavior, which are associated with an increase in BMI, overweight and obesity, which are found as the main factor of risk for the development of T2D. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, through a systematic review, the existing evidence about the relationship between parenting feeding practices, eating behavior and the risk of diabetes in adults. METHODOLOGY: A search of literature published from 2013 to 2023 was carried out in the Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Clarivate Science Citation Index Expanded and SpringerLink databases. 459 studies were identified, after applying the exclusion criteria, 15 studies in total were reviewed. RESULTS: The subscales of the most frequently used parenting practices in feeding were: concern, control, pressure to eat and restriction. An association was found between parenting feeding practices, eating behavior and increased BMI. CONCLUSION: Research showing the impact of parenting feeding practices on eating behavior and whether these in turn have effects on the risk of diabetes in adulthood are considered insufficient.

Relación entre resiliencia y conductas alimentarias de riesgo / Relationship between resilience and risk eating behaviors

Resumen: Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria son de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes en adolescentes y mujeres jóvenes. En México se han encontrado porcentajes desde 5 hasta 18% de conductas alimentarias de riesgo en muestras de mujeres estudiantes universitarias (Unikel-Santoncini, et al., 2004). Por otro lado, la resiliencia se define como un constructo que incluye ciertos fenómenos que consisten en la adecuada adaptación del individuo ante situaciones traumáticas, privación extrema, amenazas graves o estrés elevado (González-Arratia, 2008, en Camacho-Valadez, 2016). Esta investigación examina la relación entre la resiliencia y las conductas alimentarias de riesgo por medio de la aplicación de los instrumentos EAT-26 y RESI-M a 201 mujeres mexicanas, con un promedio de edad de 22 años. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Producto Momento de Pearson, el cual demostró que, aquellas mujeres con mayores niveles de resiliencia mostraban menos conductas alimentarias de riesgo. Se propone realizar el mismo estudio con poblaciones más jóvenes, así como con participantes de sexo masculino.

Abstract: Eating disorders are one of the most frequent chronic diseases in adolescents and young women. In Mexico, percentages from 5 to 18% of risk eating behaviors have been found in samples of female university students (Unikel-Santoncini, et al., 2004). On the other hand, resilience is defined as a construct that includes certain phenomena that consist of the individual's adequate adaptation to traumatic situations, extreme deprivation, serious threats, or high stress (González-Arratia, 2008, in Camacho Valadez, 2016). This research examines the relationship between resilience and risk eating behaviors through the application of the EAT-26 and RESI-M instruments to 201 Mexican women, with an average age of 22 years. A Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis was performed, which showed that those women with higher levels of resilience showed less risk eating behaviors. It's proposed to carry out the same study with younger populations, as well as with male participants.

Effects of disordered eating behaviors and sedentary lifestyle prevention program in male and female Mexican adolescents / Efectos de un programa de prevención de conductas alimentarias de riesgo y sedentarismo en adolescentes mexicanos, hombres y mujeres

Abstract Introduction Adolescents are the group with the highest risk of developing disordered eating behaviors (DEB). Preventing this problem is of the utmost importance due to the physical and psychological consequences. Objective To evaluate the effects of a universal prevention program for disordered eating behaviors (DEB), thin ideal internalization (TII), drive for muscularity (DM), and sedentary lifestyle among Mexican adolescents. Method A quasi-experimental study with repeated measures (pre-test, post-test, six-month, and one-year follow-up) was carried out in a non-probabilistic sample of 523 adolescents (46.7% of females) aged 15-19 years (Mage = 16.07). We worked in two private high schools, one of them was designed as control group (CG), and the other as intervention group (IG). For both, female and male adolescents', data were collected using the Brief Questionnaire for Disordered Eating Behaviors (BQDEB) and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). To evaluate TII the Attitudes toward Body Figure Questionnaire was applied in females, while in males Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) was used. Results After one-year, repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed a significant reduction of the mean DEBs scores both in female (p = .01) and male (p = .03) adolescents of the IG with respect to CG. In IG, females decreased significantly the mean TII score as well as the mean DM score in males. Physical Activity increased in IG females from pre-test to posttest; however, the effect was not maintained over time. Discussion and conclusion These findings have important implications for future interventions with Mexican adolescents. We must take sex differences into account to choose activities and strategies that will enhance the effects of the program.

Resumen Introducción Los adolescentes constituyen el grupo con mayor riesgo de desarrollar conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR). Prevenirlas es de suma importancia debido a las consecuencias físicas y psicosociales. Objetivo Evaluar los efectos de un programa de prevención universal en conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), interiorización del ideal de delgadez (IID), obsesión por la musculatura (OM) y sedentarismo en adolescentes mexicanos. Método Estudio cuasi-experimental con medidas repetidas (pre-test, post-test, seguimiento a seis meses y un año) en una muestra no probabilística de 523 adolescentes (46.7% mujeres) de 15-19 años de edad (Medad = 16.07). Se trabajó en dos escuelas preparatorias privadas, una como grupo control (GC) y otra como grupo intervenido (GI). Para mujeres y hombres, los datos se recolectaron usando el Cuestionario Breve para Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo (CBCAR) y la versión corta del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ). Para evaluar el IID en mujeres, se utilizó el Cuestionario de Actitudes hacia la Figura Corporal (CAFC) y en hombres la Escala para Obsesión por la Musculatura (DMS). Resultados Después de un año, el ANOVA de medidas repetidas mostró una reducción significativa en la media de CAR, tanto en mujeres (p = .01) como en hombres (p = .03) del GI respecto al GC. En el GI, la media de IID en mujeres disminuyó significativamente, así como la media de OM en hombres. La actividad física aumentó en las mujeres del GI desde el pre-test hasta el post-test; sin embargo, el efecto no se mantuvo en el tiempo. Discusión y conclusión Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para futuras intervenciones con adolescentes mexicanos. Se deben tomar en cuenta las diferencias por sexo para elegir las actividades y las estrategias que potenciarían los efectos del programa.

Family influences on food choices and nutrition: What does the literature say?

ABSTRACT The prevention of diseases related to nutrition requires an approach that considers aspects that transcend the individual level in understanding food decisions. In this context, the family as an interpersonal determinant of eating behavior is gaining importance in developing behavioral change interventions that seek better nutritional health. This manuscript aims to describe the current evidence of how family variables influence its members' food choices and nutritional status. Specifically, we present evidence on family functioning, parental feeding styles, and family meals, as they are recent topics of interest in the area. The evidence shows that a better or balanced family functioning or some of its components (communication, conflicts, cohesion, among others); a parental feeding style that demands but listens to the requirements from children; and a higher frequency of family meals are associated with a lower Body Mass Index (BMI) and healthier eating habits, especially in children and adolescents. A deep understanding of family variables could guide weight management interventions and provide information that could explain why some interventions work and others do not.

RESUMEN La prevención de enfermedades relacionadas con la nutrición requiere de un enfoque que considere aspectos que transciendan el nivel individual en el entendimiento de las decisiones alimentarias. En este contexto, la familia como un determinante interpersonal de las conductas alimentarias, está ganando importancia en el desarrollo de intervenciones de cambio conductual que buscan una mejor salud nutricional. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir la evidencia actual de cómo variables familiares influyen en las elecciones alimentarias y el estado nutricional de sus miembros. Específicamente, presentamos evidencia sobre el funcionamiento familiar, los estilos parentales de alimentación y las comidas familiares, ya que son temas recientes de interés en el área. La evidencia muestra que un mejor o equilibrado funcionamiento familiar o de algunos de sus componentes (comunicación, conflictos, cohesión, entre otros); un estilo parental que exige, pero escucha los requerimientos de los niños; y una mayor frecuencia de comidas familiares se asocian con un menor Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y hábitos alimentarios más saludables, especialmente en niños y adolescentes. Una comprensión profunda de las variables familiares podría orientar las intervenciones de control de peso y brindar información que explicaría por qué algunas intervenciones funcionan y otras no.

Ambientes y hábitos alimentarios: Un estudio cualitativo sobre cambios producidos durante la pandemia por Covid-19 en estudiantes universitarios

RESUMEN La pandemia por Covid-19 ha generado diversos cambios en la rutina diaria de las personas a nivel mundial, repercutiendo en los ambientes alimentarios habituales y hábitos relacionados. En los estudiantes universitarios, el cambio en los ambientes alimentarios ha impactado fuertemente debido al cierre de las casas de estudio. Sin embargo, existe escasa información en el país, acerca de las consecuencias que dicha modificación ha provocado. El objetivo fue explorar cómo han cambiado los ambientes y hábitos alimentarios de universitarios, debido a la pandemia por Covid-19. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal de tipo cualitativo. Los participantes fueron estudiantes pertenecientes a una facultad de una universidad pública de Chile. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas en modalidad online. La narrativa de las entrevistas se analizó a través de un análisis temático, con un enfoque inductivo. Los resultados muestran dos temas principales: I) Compra y acceso a alimentos, en donde no se visualizaron grandes cambios en el ambiente de abastecimiento, pero si en los ambientes alimentarios de restauración y vía pública; II) Transición desde el ambiente alimentario institucional al doméstico, situación que modificó los hábitos alimentarios en la mayoría de los estudiantes, quienes declararon consumir preparaciones más caseras, además de percibir mayor tiempo disponible al momento de consumir alimentos, en comparación a aquel dado en contexto universitario pre pandémico. Se requiere reflexionar acerca de cómo los aspectos positivos en los ambientes y hábitos alimentarios pudieran favorecerse en una vuelta a la presencialidad en el ambiente académico.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has generated various changes in the daily routine of people worldwide, affecting the usual food environments and related habits. Among university students, the change in food environments has had a strong impact due to the closure of university campuses. However, there is little information in the country about the consequences that this modification has caused. The study aim was to explore how the environments and eating habits of university students changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Participants correspond to students of a public university in Chile. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted online. Interview narratives were analyzed through a thematic analysis, using an inductive approach. The results show two main themes: I) Purchase and access to food, where great changes were not seen in the supply environment, but in the food environments of restaurants and public roads; II) Transition from the institutional food environment to the domestic environment, a situation that modified the eating habits of most of the students, who declared consuming more homemade preparations, in addition to perceiving more time available at the time of consuming food, compared to that given in context pre-pandemic college. It is necessary to reflect on how the positive aspects in the environments and eating habits could be favored in a return to the presence in the academic environment.

Riesgo para desarrollar interiorización del ideal estético de la delgadez en adolescentes mexicanas Título abreviado: Asociación de riesgo e ideal estético de delgadez / Risk to develop body thin-ideal internalization in Mexican female adolescents

Resumen En mujeres se ha reportado que a mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC), mayor interiorización del ideal estético de la delgadez (IIED), y mayor seguimiento de conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR). El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en determinar la presencia de CAR y de IIED en mujeres adolescentes de Hidalgo, México y su asociación tanto entre ellas como con el IMC, el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC), los tiempos de comida (TC) y la actividad física (AF). El estudio fue de tipo transversal con un diseño no experimental descriptivo y de asociación en una muestra no probabilística de 220 mujeres de preparatoria, de entre 14 a 18 años de edad (Medad= 15.9 ± .99), quienes respondieron una batería de cuestionarios validados. Para obtener el IMC, cada participante fue pesada y medida, mientras que el PGC se obtuvo por bioimpedancia eléctrica. Los resultados arrojaron que 17.3 % de la muestra presentó riesgo moderado y 15.5 % alto de CAR; mientras que 23.2 % registró riesgo de IIED. Se encontró que el IMC aumenta significativamente 2.7 veces el riesgo de IIED y de CAR 2.5 veces; la IIED incrementa 11.8 veces el riesgo de CAR (Odd Ratio; . < .05). Se concluye que, en la muestra de estudio, las CAR y la IIED están presentes; que a mayor IIED mayor riesgo de estas y que un exceso de peso corporal, basado en el IMC, aumenta el riesgo tanto de CAR como de IIED. Es necesario que los programas de prevención para mujeres adolescentes consideren lo anterior de manera conjunta para garantizar su éxito.

Abstract It has been reported that when females increase their body mass index (BMI), body thin-ideal internalization (BTII) increased too, as well as disordered eating behaviors (DEB). The aim of this study was to assess the presence of DEB and BTII in adolescent females from Hidalgo, Mexico. We also analyze the association between both variables, and between BMI, body fat percentage (BFP), meal times (MT) and physical activity (PA). A cross-sectional non-experimental descriptive and of association study was carried out in a no probabilistic sample of 220 high school females, aged from 14 to 18 (Mage= 15.9 ± .99). Self-reported validated questionnaires in Mexican samples were used to assess each one of the variables: the Brief Questionnaire for Risky Eating Behaviors, the Attitudes toward Body Figure Questionnaire, Risk Factors Associated to Eating Disorders for Mexican Pubescents Questionnaire (only the meal times factor was used) and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). BMI was obtained by measuring each subject's weight and height; the body fat percentage (BFP) was measured through Biolectrical Impedance. The protocol was revised and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of Health Sciences Institute of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Descriptive analyses were held, as well as Odd Ratio to estimate the risk association. Total sample showed 17.3 % of moderate risk and 15.5 % of high risk for developing DEB; 23.2 % of the sample reported risk for BTII. From the total of females with DEB (moderate and high risk) 68.6 % also scored risk of body thin-ideal internalization. According to the BMI, results showed that 29.5 % of the sample had overweight and obesity; meanwhile for the BFP in the same categories the value was 85 %. The analysis by BMI showed that adolescents with overweigh (50 % and 39.1 %, respectively) and obesity (47.4 % and 31.6 %, respectively) achieved the highest values for both, DEB and BTII. Interestingly, participants with normal BMI had also important percentages for DEB (26.9 %) as well as BTII (17.9 %). With respect to BFP, females with overweight (41.5 % and 24.4 %, respectively) and obesity (35.6 % and 25.3 %, respectively) had the highest percentages for both DEB and BTII. Again, adolescents with normal BFP showed percentages for DEB (6.4%) and BTII (9.7 %). Findings showed that 68.6 % of the participants with risk of IIED, "never" and "few times" used to eliminate the dinner, and that 80.5 % of the sample had low level for PA. We found that BMI increases significantly 2.7 times the risk of BTII as well as 2.5 times the risk of DEB; BTII increases 11.8 times the risk of DE (Odd Ratio; p < .05). From the present data, it can be concluded that DEB and BTII are present in the sample studied, and its prevalence were higher than other studies among Mexican females. We also concluded that overweight and obese subjects, for both BMI and BFP, were the ones that obtained the higher percentages of DEB and BTII. Finally, BMI increased significantly the risk of DEB and BTII, as well as BTII increased significantly the risk of DEB. It is necessary that female adolescent prevention programs take into account this in a joint way to guarantee their success.

Body dissatisfaction and quality of life: contribution to the occurrence of anomalous eating behaviors in administrative personnel in hospitals / Insatisfacción corporal y calidad de vida: contribución a la ocurrencia de conductas alimentarias anómalas en administrativos hospitalarios

Abstract The purpose of this study involved assessing the predictive capacity of the body mass index (BMI), body image, positive and negative affect, attitudes toward obese individuals and quality of life (QL) related to the anomalous eating behaviors of administrative personnel of Mexico City's health sector; aside from knowing gender differences and BMI in study variables. A total of 181 administrative employees took part in the study, divided according to their BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese) who filled out a personal data sheet and self-report questionnaires. Findings of this study indicate that body dissatisfaction, along with the perception of vitality and physical well-being may partially explain the presence of the anomalous eating behaviors that promotes excessive weight gain. Additionally, significant differences in positive affect were observed between sexes, aside from differences between the obese and normal weight groups regarding body dissatisfaction, negative affect, physical performance, physical role and social performance.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar la capacidad predictiva de variables como el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la imagen corporal, el afecto positivo y negativo, las actitudes hacia la gente obesa y la calidad de vida (CV) sobre las conductas alimentarias anómalas del personal administrativo del sector salud en la Ciudad de México, además de conocer las diferencias entre los sexos y del IMC en las variables de estudio. En total, participaron 181 trabajadores administrativos, divididos según su IMC (normopeso, sobrepeso, obesidad), que completaron una hoja de datos generales y cuestionarios de autorreporte. En general, se encontró que la insatisfacción de la imagen corporal, aunada a la percepción de vitalidad y bienestar físico, podría explicar en parte la presencia del comportamiento alimentario anómalo, el cual favorece a la ganancia excesiva de peso corporal. Adicionalmente, se observaron diferencias significativas entre los sexos en el afecto positivo, además de diferencias entre el grupo con obesidad y el grupo normopeso en insatisfacción corporal, afecto negativo, funcionamiento físico, rol físico y funcionamiento social.

Comparisons of food security, dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes between adult North Korean Refugees in South Korea and South Koreans

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: North Korean refugees (NKRs) in South Korea are a unique population as they must adapt in a new country with similar cultural traits but different social, political, and economic systems, but little research has been conducted on diet and nutrition in this population. This study examined food security, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes among adult NKRs living in South Korea and compared them to those of South Koreans.SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 139 adult NKRs (25 men, 114 women) living in the Seoul metropolitan area, and 417 age- and sex-matched South Korean controls (SKCs; 75 men, 342 women) selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Food security and dietary behaviors (meal skipping, eating-out, meals with family, nutrition education and counseling, and nutrition label knowledge and utilization) were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. Nutrient intakes were assessed by 24-hr recall. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS ver. 23.0.RESULTS: In South Korea, food security had improved over the previous 12 months, but remained significantly poorer for NKR women than SKC women. Meal skipping was three times more frequent than for SKCs and eating-out was rare. Average energy intake was 1,509 kcal for NKR men and 1,344 kcal for NKR women, which was lower than those of SKCs (2,412 kcal and 1,789 kcal, respectively). Significantly more NKRs (men 24.0%, women 21.9%) showed simultaneously deficient intake in energy, calcium, iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin than SKCs (men 2.7% (P = 0.003), women 7.0% (P < 0.001)). NKR women had a significantly higher index of nutrient quality (INQ) for some nutrients than SK women.CONCLUSIONS: This study reports significant differences in food security, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes between NKRs and SKCs. Generally, NKRs reported lower intakes despite improved food security, but relatively good INQs across nutrients. Further research is needed to understand processes of food choice and consumption among NKRs to provide appropriate support aimed at improving diets.

Cuidados enfermeros que modifican conductas alimentarias en adolescentes, etapa inicial de anorexia / Nursing cares that modify eating behaviors in adolescents, first stage of anorexia / Cuidados de enfermagem que mudam comportamentos alimentares em adolescentes, etapa inicial da anorexia

Introducción: La anorexia nerviosa es un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria que afecta al individuo fisiológica y psicológicamente. El profesional de enfermería y equipo multidisciplinar debe promocionar, prevenir y rehabilitar para modificar estas conductas y reducir su progresión. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura. Palabras clave utilizadas Atención de Enfermería, Jóvenes, Anorexia, Conducta alimentaria trastorno de la Ingesta Alimentaria Evitativa/Restrictiva, Tratamiento multimodal y Habilidades de afrontamiento. Se incluyeron artículos en español, inglés y portugués de cualquier nacionalidad y diseño metodológico publicados entre 2014 y 2019 indexados en bases de datos ClinicalKey, Scielo, CINAHL y metabuscador Google académico. Se filtraron por lectura de título, resumen y texto completo, se clasificaron según el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación; finalmente se ejecutó lectura crítica mediante las escalas Amstar, Consort y Strobe.. Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 artículos y se construyeron cuatro temáticas: cuidados de enfermería que modifican la conducta alimentaria, factores que influyen en el cambio de la conducta alimentaria, impacto de los cuidados de enfermería y consecuencias de la no aplicación de los cuidados de enfermería. Conclusión: Las intervenciones de enfermería son fundamentales para la recuperación de los adolescentes en etapa inicial de anorexia ya que reducen la progresión de la enfermedad y favorece la expresión de sentimientos.

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that affects the individual physiologically and psychologically. The nursing professional, along with a multidisciplinary team must promote, prevent and rehabilitate the individual, to modify these behaviors and reduce its progression. Methodology: Integrative review of the literature. Keywords used: nursing care, young people, anorexia, eating behavior, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorders, multimodal treatment and methodological design. Articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, from any nationality and methodological design. The articles selected were published between 2014 and 2019 and were indexed to the databases ClinicalKey, Scielo, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. These were filtered by reading the title, abstract and complete text; and were classified according to their level of evidence and grades of recommendation. Finally, a critical reading was made using the tools, AMSTAR, CONSORT and STROBE. Results: 34 articles were included, and four themes were built: nursing care to modify eating habits, factors that include change in eating behaviors, nursing care impact and consequences of not applying nursing care. Conclusion: The nursing interventions are fundamental for the recovery of adolescents in the first stage of anorexia since these reduce the progression of the disease and support expressing their feelings.

Introdução: A anorexia nervosa é um transtorno do comportamento alimentar que afeta ao sujeito fisiologica e psicologicamente. O profissional de enfermagem junto com a equipe multiprofissional deve promover, prever e reabilitar para mudar essas condutas e reduzir o progresso. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura. Palavras-chave empregadas: cuidados de enfermagem, adolescente, anorexia, comportamento alimentar, transtorno da evitação ou restrição da ingestão de alimentos, terapia combinada, adaptação psicológica. Incluíram-se artigos publicados em espanhol, inglês e português com qualquer nacionalidade ou metodologia. Foram selecionadas as publicações entre 2014-2019 disponíveis na ClinicalKey, Scielo, CINAHL e no Google Scholar. Foram filtrados pela leitura do título, o resumo e o texto completo; classificaram-se segundo o nível de evidência e o grau de recomendação. Finalmente, efetivou-se uma leitura crítica empregando as escalas Amstar, Consort e Strobe. Resultados: Incluíram-se 34 artigos e construíram-se quatro temas: cuidados de enfermagem que mudam os comportamentos alimentares; fatores que influenciam a mudança de comportamento alimentar; impacto nos cuidados de enfermagem; e, consequências da ausência de cuidados de enfermagem. Conclusão: As intervenções de enfermagem são fundamentais para a recuperação dos adolescentes na etapa inicial da anorexia, devido à redução do progresso do transtorno, além de favorecer a expressão dos seus sentimentos.

Predictores de conductas alimentarias de riesgo en estudiantes de bachillerato / Predictors of risk eating behaviors in high school students

Resumen El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar variables sociodemográficas y psicosociales capaces de predecir las conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR) en estudiantes de bachillerato. Participaron 988 adolescentes (541 mujeres y 447 hombres) de entre 14 y 18 años de edad (M = 16.79, DE = 1.50). Además de las CAR (Atracón-purga, Medidas compensatorias y Restricción), examinadas a través del Cuestionario Breve de Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo, fueron evaluadas las variables psicosociales siguientes: apoyo familiar y de amigos, ajuste escolar, victimización, ideación suicida, estrés académico, insatisfacción corporal y depresión; finalmente, las variables sociodemográficas incluidas fueron: sexo, edad, horas de sueño al día y horas dedicadas al Internet o las redes sociales. Mediante tres análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, uno para cada CAR (R2 = .36, .16 y .55, respectivamente; todas con p < .001), se pudieron identificar distintas variables predictivas, entre las que destacaron la insatisfacción corporal, la depresión y el sexo (mujeres). La identificación de estas variables puede contribuir a la mejora de las estrategias de prevención en materia de CAR y, por ende, de los trastornos alimentarios entre adolescentes.

Abstract The main objective of this study was to identify sociodemographic and psychosocial variables capable of predicting risk eating behaviors (REB) in high school students. Participants were 988 adolescents (541 women and 447 men) between 14 and 18 years of age (M = 16.79, SD = 1.50). In addition to the REB (Binge-purge, Compensatory behavior and Restriction), examined through the Brief Questionnaire on Risk Food Behaviors, the following psychosocial variables were also evaluated: family and friend support, school adjustment, victimization, suicidal ideation, academic stress, body dissatisfaction and depression; finally, the sociodemographic variables included were: sex, age, hours of sleep per day and hours dedicated to the Internet or social networks. Through three multiple linear regression analyzes, one for each REB (R2 = .36, .16 and .55, respectively; all with p < .001), different predictive variables could be identified, among which stood out the body dissatisfaction, the depression and sex (women). The identification of these variables can contribute to the improvement of prevention strategies in terms of REB and eating disorders among adolescents.

Relación entre estatus nutricional, insatisfacción corporal y conductas alimentarias de riesgo en estudiantes de nutrición / Relationship between nutritional status, body dissatisfaction and risky eating behaviors in Nutrition students

Resumen La presión sociocultural sobre los estudiantes universitarios, y en particular los que estudian nutrición, influye de manera negativa en su imagen corporal (IC), lo que favorece la adopción de conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), independientemente de su estatus nutricional (ETN). El propósito del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre insatisfacción corporal (INC), ETN y CAR en estudiantes de nutrición. Participaron 370 estudiantes de una universidad privada (93.5% mujeres), con edad promedio de 19.5 años (DE = 2.5). Aunque 81% de los estudiantes era normopeso, 72.3% presentaron INC. Los participantes con obesidad, sobrepeso o normopeso presentaron riesgo moderado de presentar CAR (p < .05), pero no aquellos que estaban satisfechos con su IC (p < .05). Específicamente, los estudiantes que desearon tener una silueta más delgada mostraron mayor riesgo de presentar CAR (OR = 2.97, p < .05) vs. quienes deseaban tener una más robusta (p = .76). Además, a mayor índice de masa corporal, mayor práctica de ejercicio para bajar de peso, dietas restrictivas, atracones y pérdida de control al comer (p < .05). Es necesario desarrollar intervenciones orientadas a mejorar la satisfacción corporal para prevenir CAR entre estudiantes universitarios, y con mayor énfasis en aquellos que optan por cursar la carrera de nutrición.

Abstract The sociocultural pressure on university students, and particularly those studying Nutrition, negatively influences their body image (BI), which favors the adoption of risky eating behaviors (REB), regardless of their nutritional status (NS). The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between body dissatisfaction (BD), NS and REB in Nutrition students. A total of 370 students from a private university participated (93.5% women), with a mean age of 19.5 years (SD = 2.5). Although 81% of the students were normal weight, 72.3% had BD. Participants with obesity, overweight or normal weight had moderate risk of REB (p < .05), but not those who were satisfied with their BI (p < .05). Specifically, students who wished to have a thinner silhouette showed greater risk of REB (OR = 2.97, p < .05) vs. those who wished to have a robust silhouette (p = . 76). In addition, the higher body mass index, the more exercise to lose weight, restrictive diets, binge eating and loss of control when eating (p < .05). It is necessary to develop interventions aimed at improving body satisfaction to prevent REB among university students, with greater emphasis on those who choose Nutrition as a professional career.

Ideales estéticos, imagen corporal, actitudes y conductas alimentarias en hombres con diferente orientación sexual / Aesthetic ideals, body image, eating attitudes and behaviors in men with different sexual orientation

Resumen Aun cuando existe amplia información disponible sobre imagen corporal y trastornos alimentarios, se sabe poco sobre estos tópicos en minorías sexuales, y especialmente en Latinoamérica. Por tanto, el propósito de este estudio fue comparar la satisfacción corporal, la interiorización de ideales estéticos (delgadez y musculatura), así como las actitudes y las conductas alimentarias entre varones con diferente orientación sexual. Participaron 217 varones (94 heterosexuales, 30 bisexuales y 93 gais), de 14 a 41 años de edad (M = 22.0, DE = 4.59). Los hombres bisexuales y gais reportaron mayor malestar con la imagen corporal, interiorización del ideal de delgadez y motivación por adelgazar, en comparación con los varones heterosexuales. Los bisexuales informaron mayor preocupación por la comida que los heterosexuales y los gais, pero estos últimos presentaron mayor restricción alimentaria. Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que en la insatisfacción corporal de los hombres de minorías sexuales predomina el deseo de adelgazar, resultado de una mayor interiorización del ideal corporal de delgadez. Por el contrario, los resultados relativos a la muscularidad no registraron una tendencia clara en función de la orientación sexual, de lo que destaca la necesidad de profundizar en su análisis, priorizando el empleo de instrumentos de evaluación más específicos sobre la motivación de incrementar musculatura.

Abstract Although there is a lot of information available about body image and eating disorders, little is known about the issue in sexual minority groups, especially in our culture and context. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the body satisfaction, the internalization of aesthetic ideals (thin and muscular), the attitudes and eating behaviors in a sample of Mexican men with different sexual orientation. A total of 217 men (94 heterosexuals, 30 bisexuals and 93 gays), with an age range from 14 to 41 (M = 22.0, SD = 4.59) participated in the study. Bisexual men and gay men, compared to heterosexual men, reported greater body image discomfort, influence of thin shape and more motivation to lose weight. Bisexual men reported more concern about food than heterosexual men and gay men, but gay men had greater food restriction. These results support the hypothesis that body dissatisfaction in men of sexual minority groups is not oriented towards the development of the musculature, since they have internalized a thinner ideal body. On the contrary, the results related to muscularity did not register a clear tendency based on sexual orientation, which highlights the need to deepen its analysis, prioritizing the use of more specific evaluation instruments on the motivation to increase muscle.

Body Image Self-Perception and Risky Eating Behaviors in Medicine Undergraduate Students in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico (2014) / Autopercepción de la imagen corporal y conductas alimentarias de riesgo en estudiantes universitarios de medicina en Xalapa, Veracruz, México (2014) / Autopercepção da imagem corporal e condutas alimentares de risco em estudantes universitários de medicina em Xalapa, Veracruz, México (2014)

Abstract Introduction: The current beauty standard is associated with thinness, a situation that alters the body perception and can lead to the development of an eating disorder. Objective: To determine the relationship between the indexes of body image dissatisfaction and body image distortion and risky eating behaviors (REB) in a university population of medicine students in Veracruz, Mexico. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, with a sample of 187 students. A register was drawn up that included the SFS-test to evaluate the body image and to estimate the indices of dissatisfaction and distortion of the body image, the Brief Questionnaire of Risky Eating Behaviors validated in Mexican population, as well as social variables. A descriptive analysis was carried out with basic measures of frequency and dispersion, bivariate and multimodal analyses were performed too. Results: 43 % were female, and the average age was 21 (± 1.7) similar in both sexes. The prevalence of high risk of REB was 8.6 %, higher in men (9.4 % versus 7.4 %) and medium risk (23.5 %) with the distribution reversed by sex (28.4 % in women and 19.8 % in men). The dissatisfaction index was 59.4 % covering those who perceived having a higher weight than they would like to have. Concerning the distortion of the own body image it was observed that 41.2 % supposed to haveing a higher weight than what resulted from the anthropometric evaluation. Discussion: Dissatisfaction rates showed a positive correlation gradient with REBs, being this more evident in men.

Resumen Introducción: el estándar de belleza actual se asocia con la delgadez, situación que puede alterar la percepción corporal y consecuentemente conducir al desarrollo de algún trastorno alimentario. Objetivo: determinar la relación de los índices de insatisfacción y distorsión de la imagen corporal y las conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), en una población universitaria de estudiantes de medicina en Veracruz, México. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico en una población de 187 estudiantes. Se elaboró una cédula que incluyó el SFS-test para evaluar la imagen corporal y estimar los índices de insatisfacción y distorsión de la imagen corporal; el Cuestionario Breve de Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo validado en población mexicana, así como variables sociales. Se realizó análisis descriptivo con medidas básicas de frecuencia y dispersión, bivariado y multimodal. Resultados: el 43 % eran mujeres y la edad promedio 21 años (±1.7) similar en ambos sexos. La prevalencia de alto riesgo de CAR fue de 8.6 %>, superior en los hombres (9.4 % frente a 7.4 %>) y del mediano riesgo 23.5 % con la distribución invertida por sexo (28.4 % en las mujeres y 19.8 % en los hombres). El índice de insatisfacción fue del 59.4 %, quienes percibieron tener mayor peso del que les gustaría tener y en la distorsión de la imagen corporal se observó que un 41.2 % suponía tener mayor peso que el arrojado por la evaluación antropométrica. Conclusión: los índices de insatisfacción mostraron gradiente de correlación positivo con las CAR, siendo más evidente en los hombres.

Resumo Introdução: o standard de beleza atual associa-se com a magreza, situação que pode alterar a percepção corporal e consequentemente conduzir ao desenvolvimento de algum transtorno alimentar. Objetivo: determinar a relação dos índices de insatisfação e distorção da imagem corporal e as Condutas Alimentares de Risco (CAR), em uma população universitária de estudantes de medicina em Veracruz, México. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal analítico, em uma população de 187 estudantes. Elaborou-se uma cédula que incluiu o teste SFS para avaliar a imagem corporal e estimar os índices de insatisfação e distorção da imagem corporal; o Questionário Breve de Condutas Alimentares de Risco validado em população mexicana, assim como variáveis sociais. Se realizou a análise descritiva com medidas básicas de frequência e dispersão, bivariado e multimodal. Resultados: o 43 % foram mulheres e a idade média 21 anos (±1.7) similar em ambos os sexos. A prevalência de alto risco de CAR foi de 8.6 %, superior nos homens (9.4 %> versus 7.4 %>) e do mediano risco 23.5 %> com a distribuição invertida por sexo (28.4 % nas mulheres e 19.8 % nos homens). O índice de insatisfação foi de 59.4 %, quem percebera ter maior peso do que gostaria ter, e a distorção da imagem corporal observara-se que um 41.2 %>, quem supunha ter maior peso que o obtido pela avaliação antropométrica. Conclusão: os índices de insatisfação mostraram gradiente de correlação positivo com as CAR, sendo mais evidente nos homens.

Assessment of dietary behaviors among preschoolers in Daejeon: using Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P) / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary behaviors of preschoolers in Daejeon using the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P). METHODS: The study subjects were recruited from child-care centers and kindergartens located in Daedeok-gu, Daejeon between August and September 2018. A total of 411 preschoolers aged 3 ~ 6 years were included in the data analyses. A questionnaire of NQ-P, which consisted of 14 checklist items on dietary behaviors, was completed by the parents or guardians of the study subjects. The NQ-P scores and its three factors, including “balance”, “moderation”, and “environment” factors, were calculated according to sex, age, and weight status. Differences in the NQ-P scores and their factors according to sex, age, and weight status were tested using a student's t-test. RESULTS: The mean NQ-P score of the total subjects was 58.5 ± 9.2, which was within the medium-low grade. The NQ-P score was 58.5 ± 9.4 in boys and 58.6 ± 9.0 in girls (p = 0.955). The NQ-P score was similar regardless of the age groups (57.8 ± 9.4 in 3 ~ 4 years vs. 59.2 ± 9.0 in 5 ~ 6 years, p = 0.124), whereas subjects aged 5 ~ 6 years showed a significantly higher scores of environment factors than those aged 3 ~ 4 years (67.9 ± 16.8 vs. 61.7 ± 17.3). The mean score of the moderation factor was lower in the overweight/obese children compared to the non-overweight/obese children (46.6 ± 13.3 vs. 51.0 ± 16.2, p = 0.012). Compared to children aged 3 ~ 4 years, children aged 5 ~ 6 years had higher intakes of vegetable dishes and processed meat. The overweight/obese group showed a higher consumption of processed beverages than the non-overweight/obese group. CONCLUSION: The current study indicates that the dietary behaviors of preschoolers residing in Daejeon need to be improved. These findings suggest that nutrition education or health interventions targeting young children is necessary for improving their nutritional health status.

Association of mobile phone overuse with sleep disorder and unhealthy eating behaviors in college students of a medical university in Guangzhou / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association of mobile phone use with sleep disorder and unhealthy eating behavior among college students of a medical university in Guangzhou.@*METHODS@#Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised 21 Item (TFEQ-R21) were used to survey 2122 undergraduates of the medical university. One-sample t test, One-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.@*RESULTS@#Age, body mass index (BMI), phone use before sleep, phone use frequency, sleep quality (assessed by total PSQI score) and the dimension scores of TFEQ-R21 for uncontrolled eating, cognitive restraint, and emotional eating were all significantly correlated with the total score of MPIQ ( < 0.05). Phone use before sleep, high frequency of mobile phone use, poor sleep quality and emotional eating were associated with high MPIQ scores, while lower cognitive restraint and emotional eating tendency were correlated with lower scores of MPIQ. Bivariate analysis revealed that age (=0.088, < 0.001), BMI (=0.055, < 0.05), PSQI scores (=0.204, < 0.001), TFEQ-UE scores (=0.199, < 0.001), TFEQ-CR scores (=-0.076, < 0.001), TFEQ-EE scores (=0.170, < 0.001), phone use before sleep (=0.429, < 0.001), and phone use frequency (=0.316, < 0.001) were all significantly correlated with MPIQ scores; multiple linear regression analysis showed that model 4 incorporating the scores of TFEQ-UE, TFEQ-CR, and TFEQ-EE explained up to 21.8% of the main effect (adjusted R= 21.5%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Mobile phone overuse is associated with poor sleep quality and unhealthy eating behaviors, and education and interventions for mobile phone use is essential among college students.

Eating disorder symptomatology: Comparative study between Mexican and Canadian university women / Sintomatología de trastornos alimentarios: Estudio comparativo entre mujeres universitarias mexicanas y canadienses

Abstract The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare Mexican and Canadian university students regarding disordered eating behaviors (DEB), body thin-ideal internalization (BTHIN), and body image dissatisfaction (BID); and (2) to examine the relationship of these three variables to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). This cross-cultural study was carried out in a sample of 129 university women students aged from 18 to 25 years (M = 20.18, SD =1.59): 52% were Canadian (Moncton University [MU]) and 48% were Mexican (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo [UAEH]). The Brief Questionnaire for Disordered Eating Behaviors and Attitudes Towards Body Figure Questionnaire were applied while the BID was evaluated using a continuum of nine silhouettes. In addition, the weight, height and WC of each participant were recorded. Mexican students had greater values of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and DEB, with 4.6 times greater risk than UM students. In contrast, the presence of BTHIN and BID was similar between samples. Considering these findings, women from at least two different ethnic groups are vulnerable to the development of eating disorder symptomatology.

Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) comparar entre estudiantes universitarias mexicanas vs. canadienses respecto a conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), interiorización de la figura corporal delgada (IFCD) e insatisfacción con la imagen corporal (ISC); y 2) examinar la relación de esas tres variables con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la circunferencia de cintura (CC). En este estudio transcultural participaron 129estudiantes universitarias de 18 a 25 años de edad (M = 20.18, DE =1.59): 52% canadienses (Universidad de Moncton [UM]) y 48% mexicanas (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo [UAEH]). Fueron aplicados el Cuestionario Breve para medir Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo y el Attitudes Towards Body Figure Questionnaire, mientras que la ISC se evaluó mediante un continuo de nueve siluetas. Además se registró el peso, la talla y la CC de cada participante. Las estudiantes mexicanas registraron significativamente mayor presencia de sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad abdominal y CAR, con 4.6 veces mayor riesgo que las estudiantes de la UM. Por el contrario, la presencia de IFCD y de ISC fue similar entre las muestras. Con base en estos hallazgos se puede concluir que las mujeres de dos grupos étnicos diferentes son vulnerables al desarrollo de sintomatología de trastornos alimentarios.

Factores de riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria entre universitarios: Estimación de vulnerabilidad por sexo y edad / Risk factors of eating disorders in university students: Estimation of vulnerability by sex and age

Resumen Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) constituyen un problema de salud pública que ha venido incrementando. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la vulnerabilidad de los estudiantes universitarios a presentar un TCA. Se trabajó con una muestra probabilística de 561 estudiantes (M edad = 21.7; DE =4.1), 42.8% varones y 57.2% mujeres. Los datos fueron recabados con base al Inventario de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria-Criterio de Remisión (EDI-3-RF), además de registrar algunos indicadores antropométricos. Destacan los siguientes resultados: las mujeres presentaron mayor obsesión por la delgadez e insatisfacción corporal que los varones; las conductas bulímicas estuvieron más presentes en estudiantes menores de 20 años; los varones recurren en mayor medida al ejercicio físico como forma de control del peso; 7.7% presentaron bajo peso y preocupación excesiva por la comida y el peso, condición que amerita remisión a atención especializada. Resulta apremiante reforzar los esfuerzos encaminados a la implementación de estrategias de prevención e intervención dirigidas específicamente a los estudiantes universitarios, a través del diseño de programas destinados a promover hábitos de alimentación saludables, mejorar la percepción de la imagen corporal y disminuir la preocupación obsesiva por la delgadez.

Abstract Eating disorders (ED) are a public health problem which it has been increasing. The aim of this study was to estimate the vulnerability of university students to an ED. We worked with a probabilistic sample of 561 students (M age = 21.7; SD = 4.1), 42.8% men and 57.2% women. They completed the Inventory Eating Disorder-Reference criterion (EDI-3-RF), also we took anthropometric measures. The results show that: women have a significantly more obsession with thinness and body dissatisfaction; the students under 20years old showed significant more bulimic behaviors; men prefer to do physical exercise as a way to control their weight; about 7.7% should be referred to a specialized center for having low weight along with excessive concern about food and weight. It is concluded that it is necessary to implement preventive programs and intervention measures aimed towards to the university students who promote healthy eating habits, improve the perception of their body image and diminish the obsessive preoccupation with thinness.

Prevalencia y factores asociados a conductas de riesgo alimentario en población indígena de Colombia / Prevalence of risky eating behaviors and associated factors in indigenous population in Colombia

Resumen La información sobre conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR) entre indígenas latinoamericanos es escasa. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de CAR en población indígena de Colombia, así como identificar factibles factores de riesgo sociodemo-gráficos e individuales. De la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental se retomaron los registros de 493 indígenas adultos (Medad =29.5 años, DE =7.39), hombres y mujeres. Las CAR evaluadas fueron: dieta restrictiva, malestar al comer, atracón y vómito autoinducido. El 19.5% de los participantes reportaron presentar al menos una CAR, y aquellas con mayor prevalencia fueron la dieta (8.5-9.6%) y el atracón (6.1%). Ninguno de los factores sociodemográficos evaluados se asoció a la presencia de CAR; por el contrario, de entre los factores individuales, la presencia de trastorno afectivo mostró ser un factible factor de riesgo de estas conductas. Las CAR no son infrecuentes en la población indígena adulta colombiana, e incluso su prevalencia puede duplicar la documentada en población general. Este estudio pretende aportar al escaso conocimiento existente sobre el tópico en poblaciones indígenas. Hallazgos que, ya sea a mediano o largo plazo, deberán incidir en el planteamiento de políticas de salud públicas acordes a las minorías indígenas presentes en Latinoamérica.

Abstract Data on risky eating behaviors (REB) in Latin American ethnic groups is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of REB in adult indigenous from Colombia, as well as to identify feasible sociodemographic and individual risk factors. A total of 493 records of adult indigenous men and women (Mage = 29.5 years, SD = 7.39) were retrieved from the National Survey of Mental Health. The REB assessed were: restrictive dieting, eating discomfort, binge-eating and self-induced vomiting. Participants (19.5%) reported having at least one REB, being restrictive dieting (8.5-9.6%) and binge eating (6.1%) those with higher prevalence. None of the sociodemographic factors evaluated was associated with the presence of REB, on the contrary, among the individual factors, the presence of affective disorder showed to be a feasible risk factor for these behaviors. The REB are common in the indigenous population in Colombia, even its prevalence may double the one reported in general population. This study aims to contribute to the scarce existing knowledge about the topic in indigenous populations. Findings that, whether in the medium or long term, should influence the approach of public health policies according to the indigenous minorities in Latin America.

Diferencias entre conductas alimentarias de preescolares que recibieron lactancia materna completa y preescolares que recibieron sucedáneos de la leche humana / Eating behaviors of preschoolers who were exclusively breastfed, and preschoolers who received human milk substitutes

El propósito fue demostrar diferencias en las conductas alimentarias entre preescolares que recibieron lactancia materna completa (LMC: exclusiva o predominante) y preescolares que recibieron sucedáneos de la leche humana (SLH), que acuden a jardín de niños de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara. En estudio trasversal analítico por conveniencia, se seleccionaron a 177 preescolares de tres a cinco años de edad, sanos, nacidos a término, peso normal al nacer, con antecedentes de alimentación con LME o SLH que acudían a tres jardines de niños. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado de conductas alimentarias que consta de ocho escalas. Se obtuvieron variables socioeconómicas y demográficas de las familias e indicadores antropométricos de los participantes. Se aplicaron pruebas t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney, Chi cuadrado, razón de momios, coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y regresión logística. Hubo 2.8 veces mayor probabilidad de puntaje elevado en la escala comer menos por emociones en el grupo de SLH [RM=2.8 (1.0, 8.3), p=0.037]. Se observaron 15 correlaciones significativas entre las diferentes escalas del cuestionario en el grupo de LMC (62.5%) y nueve en el grupo de SLH (37.5%). Hubo siete correlaciones significativas entre las escalas en el grupo LMC que no fueron significativas en el grupo de SLH. En preescolares que recibieron LMC, a mayor lentitud para comer hubo menor irritabilidad hacia los alimentos (r=-0.325, p=0.01). Los preescolares con antecedentes de LMC tendrían menor probabilidad de alteraciones de conducta alimentaria y mostraron mayor número de correlaciones significativas entre las escalas que los preescolares que recibieron SLH(AU)

The purpose was to demonstrate differences in eating behaviors among preschool children who received full breastfeeding (FBF: exclusive or predominant) and preschool children who received human milk substitutes (HMS), who attend kindergarten in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Mexico. In analytical cross-sectional study by convenience, 177 preschoolers, three to five years old, healthy, term infants with normal weight at birth and feeding history of FBF or HMS attending three kindergartens were selected. A validated questionnaire of eating behaviors consisting of eight scales was applied. Socioeconomic and demographic variables of families and anthropometric indicators of participants were obtained. Student's t test, U Mann-Whitney, chi-square, odds ratio, Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression tests were applied. There were 2.8 times more likely to score high on the scale eat less by emotions in HMS group [OR = 2.8 (1.0, 8.3), p = 0.037]. Fifteen significant correlations between different scales of the questionnaire in the FBF group (62.5%) and nine in the HMS group (37.5%) were observed. There were seven significant correlations among the scales in FBF group, but not significant in the HMS group. In preschoolers receiving FBF, more frequency of eating slowly was related to less irritability to food (r=-0.325, p=0.01).Preschoolers with a history of FBF would be less likely to have alterations in eating behavior and showed more significant correlations between the scales that preschoolers who received HMS(AU)

Influencia de pares en preadolescentes y adolescentes: Un predictor de la insatisfacción corporal y las conductas alimentarias anómalas / Peer influence in preadolescents and adolescents: A predictor of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors

Los pares contribuyen a la presencia de insatisfacción corporal y conductas alimentarias anómalas, mismas que tienen su pico de ocurrencia durante la adolescencia; sin embargo, se ha sugerido que los pares pueden incidir desde edades más tempranas. Por ello, los propósitos de este estudio fueron: evaluar la influencia de pares, la interiorización del ideal corporal, la insatisfacción corporal y las conductas alimentarias anómalas en preadolescentes vs. adolescentes; y analizar la influencia de pares en la predicción de la insatisfacción corporal y las conductas alimentarias anómalas. Participaron 273 preadolescentes y 175 adolescentes, hombres y mujeres, quienes completaron cuatro cuestionarios, además de recabar su peso y estatura. La prueba t de Student solo reveló diferencias entre los grupos en índice de masa corporal, interacción con pares, interiorización del ideal corporal y conductas alimentarias anómalas, siendo los adolescentes quienes obtuvieron mayores puntuaciones en las primeras tres variables. Los análisis de senderos mostraron que en ambos grupos los pares tuvieron efecto directo sobre la insatisfacción corporal, misma que actuó como mediadora del efecto sobre el comportamiento alimentario. Se concluye que la insatisfacción corporal no difiere entre preadolescentes y adolescentes, y que en ambos la influencia de pares mostró ser un importante factor predictor.

Peers contribute to the development of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors, conditions that show their peak occurrence during the adolescence; however, literature has suggested that peers may influence since earlier ages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate peer influence, internalization of the body ideal, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors, in preadolescents vs. adolescents; and to analyze the peer influence in the development of disordered eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction. A total of 273 preadolescents and 175 adolescents' men and women answered four questionnaires, additionally weight and height was measured. The t Student test showed differences between groups only in body mass index, interaction with peers, internalization of body ideal and eating behaviors, being adolescents who obtained higher scores in the first three variables. Path analysis showed that in both groups peers influenced body dissatisfaction, which act as a mediator of disordered eating behavior. It is concluded that body dissatisfaction is not different between preadolescents and adolescents and in both groups peer influence was an important predictive factor.