Estado nutricional y su relación con el consumo alimentario y nivel de actividad física en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado cambios en la salud de las personas. El objetivo fue analizar el estado nutricional y su relación con consumo alimentario, nivel de actividad física en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19, en adultos que asistieron a centro de nutrición. Estudio analítico, transversal, muestra no probabilística, de 81 adultos de 20-61 años, considerando criterios de elegibilidad. La recolección de datos fue a través de cuestionario de consumo alimentario validado (IPAQ) y de actividad física (AF). El análisis estadístico utilizó STATA, versión 16.0. Para evaluar asociación de variables se utilizó pruebas de Chi-cuadrado o exacta de Fisher. La Población estuvo conformada por mujeres (76,6%), de 40-50 años (45,7%), educación universitaria (67,9%), residencia urbana (86,4%) y nivel de ingreso entre deciles 7 a 10 (90,1%). La ganancia de peso auto informada fue de 1 a 6 kilos. Predominó estado nutricional de malnutrición por exceso (86,4%). Los alimentos de mayor consumo fueron de los grupos de huevos y carnes (91,4%), papas, legumbres, frutas y verduras (82,7%), bebidas gaseosas, productos de pastelería, comida chatarra (82,2%). Se observó aumento en el consumo de alimentos después de la cena, en la compra por Delivery, y un nivel de AF bajo (40,7%). No se observó relación entre estado nutricional y consumo alimentario, tampoco con nivel de AF (p>0,05). Se concluye que no hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre estado nutricional con el consumo alimentario y tampoco con el nivel de AF (p>0,05), sin embargo, en los encuestados con malnutrición por exceso predominó un nivel de AF bajo o moderado.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has caused changes in people's health. The objective was to analyze the nutritional state and its connection with food consumption and level of physical activity in times of the COVID-19 Pandemic in adults who attend nutrition centers. this was an analytic and transverse study, with a non-probabilistic sample of 81 adults aged 20-61, considering eligibility criteria. Data were collected by an IPAQ and a validated food consumption questionnaire. STATA 16.0 version was used for the statistical analysis. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the association of variables. Mostly female population (76.6%) aged 40-50 (45.7%), university education (67.9%), urban residence (86.4%), and income level among the highest deciles 7 to 10 (90.1%). Weight gain self-informed from 1 to 6 kilograms. The nutritional state of malnutrition by excess was observed in 86.4%. The highest consumption foods belonged to the groups of eggs and meat (91.4%), potatoes, legumes, fruit and vegetables (82.7%), soda, pastry products, and junk food (82.2%). Food consumption after dinner and delivery food buying increased, and a low PA level (40.7%). No connection between nutritional state and food consumption was observed, nor with physical activity level (p>0.05). As a conclusion, there wasn't a statistically significant association between the nutritional state and the food consumption or physical activity level in the studied group (p>0.05). However, respondents with excess malnutrition had a predominantly low or moderate level of PA.

Relationship between lifestyle and sociodemographic determinants and eating patterns among adults and the elderly: A population-based study

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify dietary patterns in an adult population and to verify the factors associated with them. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based household study with 1,574 individuals aged >20 years, of both sexes, living in Teresina and Picos, Piauí, Brazil. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and food consumption data were collected. Dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. Results: There was a positive and significant association with the healthy eating pattern in women, elderly people, individuals with secondary and higher education and smokers. The white-meat pattern was positively associated with people without a partner and non-white skin, as well as with women, elderly people and smokers, and inversely with individuals with longer screen time and individuals with high school and college education. The unhealthy pattern was positively associated with individuals with excessive screen time and individuals with secondary and higher education, and inversely associated with individuals who were insufficiently active. Conclusion: Women, the elderly, individuals with a partner, non-smokers and active people have a healthier diet. However, men, smokers, with longer screen time and insufficiently active had a more inadequate diet, while the level of education showed contrasting results.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar patrones dietéticos en una población de adultos y adultos mayoresy verificar los factores asociados a ellos. Métodos: Estudio transversal poblacional y domiciliario realizado en 1574 personas mayores de 20 años, de ambos sexos, residentes en Teresina y Picos, Piauí, Brasil. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida y de consumo de alimentos. Los patrones dietéticos se obtuvieron mediante análisis de componentes principales. Resultados: Hubo asociación positiva y significativa con el patrón de alimentación saludable en mujeres, adultos mayores, individuos con educación secundaria y superior y fumadores. El patrón de carnes blancas se asoció positivamente con personas sin pareja y piel no blanca, así como con mujeres, personas mayores y fumadores, e inversamente con personas con mayor tiempo de pantalla y personas con educación secundaria y universitaria. El patrón insalubre se asoció positivamente con individuos con tiempo de pantalla excesivo y con individuos con educación secundaria y superior, y se asoció inversamente con individuos que eran insuficientemente activos. Conclusión: Las mujeres, los adultos mayores, las personas en pareja, los no fumadores y las personas activas tienen una dieta más saludable. Sin embargo, los hombres, fumadores, con mayor tiempo de pantalla e insuficientemente activos tenían una dieta más inadecuada, mientras que el nivel de educación mostró resultados contrastantes.

Evaluación del estado nutricional, los patrones de alimentación y realización de actividad física de los médicos residentes del Hospital General de Luque del año 2020

RESUMEN Los médicos residentes enfrentan cambios en el estilo de vida, adquisición de hábitos alimenticios inadecuados, influencia de modas, publicidad y necesidad de pertenecer a un grupo social, por lo cual se encuentran en riesgo de padecer sobrepeso y obesidad. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el estado nutricional, los patrones de alimentación y la realización de actividad física de los médicos residentes del Hospital General de Luque del año 2019. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal en el que se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, estado nutricional, patrón alimentario y actividad física. Se incluyó un total de 58 médicos residentes de los cuales 66% fueron del sexo femenino, y la edad promedio fue de 28,12 años. Según el IMC, la mayoría presentó sobrepeso (34,5%). En cuanto a los patrones de alimentación, la mayoría no cumplía con las recomendaciones de las Guías Alimentarias del Paraguay de consumir 3 frutas por día ni de evitar alimentos ricos en grasas, sodio y altos en calorías como lo son las comidas rápidas. Se observó que 49% no realizaba actividad física. Los médicos residentes del Hospital General de Luque presentaron en su mayoría exceso de peso, tenían un patrón alimentario inadecuado y no realizaban actividad física.

ABSTRACT Resident physicians face changes in lifestyle, acquisition of inappropriate eating habits, influence of fashions, advertising and the need to belong to a social group, which is why they are at risk of being overweight and obese. Our objective was to determine the nutritional status, eating patterns and physical activity of the resident doctors of the General Hospital of Luque in 2019. A descriptive, observational cross-sectional study was carried out in which sociodemographic variables, anthropometric, nutritional status, eating pattern and physical activity were evaluated. A total of 58 resident physicians were included, of which 66% was female, and the average age was 28.12 years. According to the BMI, the majority were overweight (34.5%). Regarding eating patterns, most did not comply with the recommendations of the Paraguayan Dietary Guidelines of consuming 3 fruits per day or avoiding foods rich in fat, sodium and high in calories such as fast foods. It was observed that 49% did not perform physical activity. The resident physicians of the General Hospital of Luque were mostly overweight, had an inadequate eating pattern and did not perform physical activity.

Características de la alimentación temprana y actual de preescolares en la Región de Valparaíso, Chile

RESUMEN Son múltiples los factores que influyen en el estado nutricional (EN) y la formación de preferencias alimentarias en preescolares, por lo cual se han propuesto intervenciones tempranas para disminuir el ambiente obesogénico. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar si aspectos alimentarios tempranos se relacionan con el EN y con algunas características alimentarias actuales en preescolares chilenos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Participaron 61 preescolares de jardines infantiles de la Junta Nacional de Jardines Infantiles (JUNJI) de comunas de la V Región de Chile. Se determinó el EN con peso y talla, y composición corporal con impedanciómetro Bodystat 1.500, además se recopilaron antecedentes del embarazo y alimentación infantil a través de encuestas. Los análisis estadísticos se consideraron significativos con un valor de p<0,05. La lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) inferior a 6 meses se asoció con un bajo consumo de verduras en la edad preescolar (PE), además, la duración de la LME se correlacionó directamente con el consumo de verduras en preescolares. La introducción de azúcar antes de los 12 meses, se asoció con el consumo de golosinas dulces en edad PE y este con mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal, mientras que la introducción temprana de sal se asoció con mayor consumo de golosinas saladas. La introducción de azúcar previa a los 12 meses podría determinar un mayor consumo de alimentos poco saludables en preescolares. El consumo de verduras presentó asociación positiva con la duración de la LME, lo que sugiere que los patrones alimentarios en edades tempranas podrían modular las preferencias de alimentos en edades posteriores.

ABSTRACT There are multiple factors that influence nutritional status (NS). Early interventions have been proposed to reduce the obesogenic environment, including the targeting of food preferences among preschoolers. Our aim was to analyse if early dietary aspects were related to NS and some current eating features in Chilean preschool children. An observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out among 61 preschoolers from the National Board of Kindergartens (JUNJI) from councils in the V Region of Chile. NS was determined with weight and height, and body composition with a Bodystat 1.500 impedance meter, in addition, background data of pregnancy and infant feeding were collected through surveys. Statistical analyses were considered significant with a p value <0.05. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for less than 6 months was associated with a low consumption of vegetables in preschool (PE) age, in addition, the duration of EBF was directly correlated with the consumption of vegetables. The introduction of sugar before 12 months was associated with the consumption of sweet snacks and this with a higher percentage of body fat, while the early introduction of salt was associated with a higher consumption of savoury snacks. Introducing sugar prior to 12 months of age could lead to higher consumption of unhealthy foods in preschoolers. Consumption of vegetables showed a positive association with the duration of EBF, which suggests that eating patterns at an early age could modulate food preferences at later ages.

Obesidad, ingesta energética y comportamiento alimentario: Una revisión de los principales factores involucrados / Obesity, energy intake and eating behavior: A review of the main factors involved

Resumen La obesidad constituye un problema de salud a nivel mundial y una de las principales causas de las enfermedades crónicas. Existen diversos factores que influyen en el comportamiento alimentario y la obesidad, los cuales pueden ser genéticos, fisiológicos, nutricionales, psicológicos o socioculturales. En las últimas décadas, el cambio en el estilo de vida ha provocado patrones de alimentación inadecuados, aunados a disminución en el gasto energético. En esta revisión se describen los principales factores fisiológicos, nutricionales y psicológicos que intervienen en la ingesta energética y el comportamiento alimentario, y cómo es que estos pueden −vía la regulación del apetito y del peso corporal− influir en el desarrollo de la obesidad. La neuropsicología de la recompensa de los alimentos, de las preferencias, de la elección y del comportamiento alimentario son aspectos aún no comprendidos. Investigaciones futuras tienen que enfocarse en dilucidar las vías involucradas en los aspectos gratificantes de los alimentos y, como una alternativa para controlar la obesidad, replicar esta experiencia con alimentos más saludables. Sin embargo, la comprensión del vínculo entre alimentación, ingesta energética y regulación del peso corporal solo se logrará a través del trabajo multidisciplinario.

Abstract Obesity is a global health problem and one of the main causes of chronic diseases. There are several factors that influence eating behavior and obesity, which can be genetic, physiological, nutritional, psychological or sociocultural. In recent decades, the change in lifestyle has caused inadequate eating patterns, coupled with a decrease in energy expenditure. This review describes the main physiological, nutritional and psychological factors that intervene in energy intake and eating behavior and how they can -by regulating appetite and body weight- influence the development of obesity. The neuropsychology of food reward, preferences, choice and eating behavior are aspects not yet understood. Future research needs to focus on elucidating the pathways involved in the rewarding aspects of food and, as an alternative to control obesity, replicate this experience with healthier foods. However, understanding the link between food, energy intake and body weight regulation will only be achieved through multidisciplinary work.

Healthy Lifestyle among Ha'il University Students, Saudi Arabia

This study was conducted to determine the healthy lifestyle behaviors of students of the University of Ha'il inusing various variables. This descriptive-analytical investigation is made out of 335 students from theUniversity of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia and included information about lifestyle patterns in terms of age, sex, BMI,study field and year of study. About 33.8% of university students followed unhealthy eating patterns and therewas no difference concerning their eating habits. Students' health responsibility was identified with thedistinctive variable, which was too less with an undesirable score. The results showed that the awareness ofuniversity students on the rules of intermittent medicinal assessment was undesirable in all study samples.

Padrões alimentares e ingestão de nutrientes em idosos: análise com diferentes abordagens metodológicas / Eating patterns and nutrient intake for older people: analysis with different methodological approaches

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar os padrões alimentares e a ingestão de nutrientes em cada padrão alimentar de idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com idosos de Botucatu, São Paulo. Foram analisadas as médias de ingestão diária de nutrientes de indivíduos com alta adesão a padrões alimentares identificados por análise fatorial, comparando a ingestão através de análise de variância. Indivíduos com alta adesão ao padrão "Saudável" apresentaram a maior média de ingestão de retinol, vitamina A e vitamina E. Indivíduos com alta adesão ao padrão "Lanches e refeição de final de semana" apresentaram médias de consumo menores de vitamina B12, vitamina C, fósforo e retinol; e as maiores médias de consumo de ferro, manganês e magnésio. Indivíduos com alta adesão ao padrão "frutas" apresentaram as menores médias de ingestão de fibras. Indivíduos com alta adesão ao padrão "Light e integral" apresentaram as maiores médias de ingestão de vitamina C. Indivíduos com alta adesão ao padrão "Dieta branda" apresentaram menor consumo de proteína e mais de açúcar de adição. Indivíduos com alta adesão ao padrão "Tradicional" apresentaram médias elevadas de ingestão de nutrientes. Foi possível uma melhor caracterização do comportamento alimentar dos idosos que aderem a cada um desses padrões alimentares.

Abstract This study aims to analyse the eating patterns and nutrient intake in different eating patterns of elderly persons. This is a cross-sectional study with elderly people from Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil. The mean daily nutrient intake of individuals with high adherence to the eating patterns identified by factor analysis was analysed, comparing the intake by analysis of variance. Individuals with high adherence to the Healthy eating pattern had the highest mean intake of retinol, vitamin A and vitamin E. Individuals with high adherence to the eating pattern Snacks and weekend meal presented lower means of vitamin B12, vitamin C, phosphorus, and retinol intake and the highest means of iron, manganese and magnesium intake. Individuals with high adherence to Fruits had the lowest mean fibre intake. Individuals with high adherence to Light and whole foods had the highest means of vitamin C intake. Individuals with high adherence to Soft diet showed lower protein intake and increased added sugar intake. Individuals with high adherence to the Traditional eating pattern presented high means of nutrient intake. In general, a better characterization of the eating behaviour of elderly people who adhere to each of these eating patterns was possible.

A review on association of eating patterns and body image perception among young adult females and its effect on their Body Mass Index in India

Background: Eating patterns differ vastly among young adult females due to their body image concern and this consequently affects their BMI status. In most cases the subjects choose to skip meals, change their eating pattern, switch on to exercise so as to lose weight to gain appreciable body image. But it is also seen that in the way to have perfect body image, these subjects tend to have unhealthy food habits that affect their BMI, i.e., either they become underweight or overweight, and it results in malnourishment. The present paper reviews association of eating patterns and body image perception among young adult females and the effect of this association on their BMI. Methodology: In depth literature review was carried out using available search engines such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct etc, for published original articles, government reports with specific reference to young adult females were collected. Results: A total of 10 original articles and 3 systematic review articles were included regarding this paper. All the 10 original articles had study subjects belonging to urban background and majority included medical students. A high prevalence of malnourishment was seen among subjects and majority of them were dissatisfied with their body image. Conclusion: This review article focused on the young adult female groups which may be useful for future studies because the body image perception and changing eating patterns are the major issues in the young adult females. Through this review article, various aspects have been revealed that would lead to significant step towards the improvement in the eating patterns of young adult females.

La transición alimentaria y la doble carga de malnutrición: cambios en los patrones alimentarios de 1961 a 2009 en el contexto socioeconómico mexicano

El propósito de este trabajo fue identificar si existieron cambios en la composición de los patrones alimentarios de 1961 a 2009, si el gasto en algunos alimentos por nivel de ingresos y el aumento en el precio de ciertos alimentos básicos de la dieta en el contexto socioeconómico mexicano, podrían explicar la transición alimentaria y la doble carga de malnutrición. Se llevó a cabo un estudio ecológico con la información de las Hojas de Balance de la FAO. Para conformar los patrones alimentarios se realizó análisis de conglomerados. Además, con los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos en los Hogares 2012 del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía se construyeron curvas de Engel para calcular la evolución del precio relativo de algunos alimentos. La dieta se definió en tres patrones alimentarios. La disponibilidad total de energía aumentó de 2316 kcal/persona/ día en 1961 a 3146 en 2009. Las modificaciones del patrón alimentario están en consonancia con la transición alimentaria y nutricional y con la doble carga de malnutrición. Se observó que la energía derivada de los cereales y la proveniente de las leguminosa (frijol) se redujo considerablemente, y de manera simultánea la energía procedente de azúcares, alimentos de origen animal y grasas vegetales tuvieron un aumento notable. El gasto en alimentos fue diferencial de acuerdo al nivel de ingresos. La malnutrición está mediada por la inequitativa distribución del ingreso, el bajo costo relativo de los alimentos ricos en energía, el encarecimiento de alimentos nutritivos y el escaso apoyo a la agricultura.

The nutrition transition and the double burden of malnutrition: changes in dietary patterns 1961-2009 in the Mexican socioeconomic context.. The purpose of this study was to identify whether there were changes in the composition of dietary patterns from 1961 to 2009, if food patterns by income level and the increase in the price of certainbasic foods of the diet in the socioeconomic Mexican context, could explain the nutrition transition and the double burden of malnutrition. We conducted an ecological study with data from FAO balance sheets. To construct eating patterns cluster analysis was performed. Engel curves were developed with data from the 2012 INEGI ENGH survey and evolution of therelative price of some foods was calculated. The diet was defined in three dietary patterns. The increase in the total availability of energy increased from 2316 kcal/person/day in 1961 to 3146 in 2009. Dietary pattern modifications are in line with the nutrition transition and the double burden of malnutrition. It was observed that the energy derived from cereals andfrom legume (common beans) was significantly reduced, and simultaneously, the energy from sugars, animal foods and vegetable fats had a dramatic increase. Spending on food was differential according to income level.Malnutritionis mediated by theunequal distribution of income, the relatively lowcost ofenergy-dense foods, the increased cost of nutritious foods, and limited support to agriculture.

Ansiedad, depreiión, afrontamiento y tca como predictores de cirugías plásticas cosétticas / Anxiey, depressiion, coping and eating disorders as cosmetic plastic surgery predictors

El presente estudio descriptivo correlacional tuvo como objetivo determinar si ansiedad, depresión, riesgo de trastorno de conducta alimentaria (TCA) y estilos de afrontamiento en interacción predicen la aceptación de cirugías estéticas cosméticas en una muestra conformada por 77 mujeres y hombres con edades comprendidas entre los 19 y 73 años de edad, residentes en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se empleó el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado/Rasgo, el apartado correspondiente a depresión de la versión española de la Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional, el Inventario de Estilos de Afrontamiento y la Escala Abreviada y Modificada de Actitudes Alimentarias EAT-26-M. A través del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales con el programa estadístico AMOS se identificó el modelo predictivo conformado por variables como síntomas depresivos, riesgo de TCA, cantidad de hijos, estrato socioeconómico e historia familiar de cirugías predicen la aceptación de cirugías estéticas cosméticas en la población. Se discuten los hallazgos y las limitaciones, se sugieren futuras direcciones.

This correlational descriptive research aimed at assessing the predictive relation between psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, eating disorder (ED) risk and coping styles with cosmetic surgery acceptance. The sample included 77 women and men aged 19 to 73, living in Bogotá. The instruments used were State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) depression part, Coping Style Inventory -Abbreviated Scale and the Eating Attitudes property EAT-26-M. Were analyzed using Structural Equations with the Statistical program AMOS and concluded that the variables depressive symptoms, ED risk, number of children, socioeconomic condition and a family history of surgery predict acceptance of cosmetic plastic surgery in this sample. Findings and limitations are discussed and suggestions are provided for future research.

Evaluación del estado nutricional de una población anciana desde los puntos de vista dietético, antropométrico y clínico / Nutritional status evaluation of an elderly population from dietetical, anthropometrical, and clinical points of view

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, desde julio del 2008 hasta junio del 2009, de 53 ancianos del consultorio médico No. 12 de tipo 1, perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario Municipal del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, a fin de evaluar su estado nutricional. En la casuística sobresalieron los malos hábitos alimentarios y las dietas tendientes a producir obesidad. Hubo predominio de los pacientes malnutridos por exceso y la mayoría presentaba afecciones o manifestaciones clínicas, o ambas, sugerentes de malnutrición

A descriptive and cross-sectional study with 53 elderly assisted at the doctor's office number 12 type 1 from Municipal University Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba municipality was carried out from July, 2008 to June, 2009 in order to evaluate their nutritional status. In the case material, bad eating patterns and diets that tend to make people obese were relevant. Malnourished patients due to excess were predominant and the majority of them had clinical manifestations and/or affections, both suggesting malnutrition

Implementation and Evaluation of a Nutrition Education Program to Improve the Nutritional an Physiological Status of Female Gymnasts / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was conducted with 20 female gymnasts to examine the relationship between eating patterns, diet menstrual function and hematological status. According to the baseline data a nutrition counseling and education program was developed and evaluated improved the nutritional status and health of female gymnasts. Mean body weight at the onset of the study was 42.1+/-7.0kg and was reduced to 41.8+/-6.1kg after the nutrition counseling and education program. The percent of body fat was significantly reduced from 13.9+/-3.7% to 13.1+/-3.1%(p<0.01) skinfold thickness of subscapular and thighs was reduced significantly(p<0.01, p<0.05) Mean daily intake levels of energy, protein calcium iron thiamin riboflavin and niacin were significantly elevated after the nutrition counseling and education program but were lower than the Recommenced Dietary Allowances. For the nutrition knowledge and food habits, the posttest mean scores showed a significant increase. The hematological status(hematocrit, serum ferritin) and the early follicle level of estradiol were elevated to a mild degree although it was not significant,. The follicular stimulating hormone level was elevated significantly(p<0.01) Gymnastica has been one of the sports implicated by the medical profession as having probable detrimental effects. The implications of such training to childs growth and maturation have yet to be determined . Most female athletes, however, experience poor nutritional status and delayed puberty The priorities were to prepared a more effective nutrition program and education material status and delayed puberty. The priorities were prepared a more effective nutrition program and educational material for athletes coaches and adminstrators to prepare guidelines for the team physicians and coaches to follow for the physical and physiological examinations of female athletes.

A Study on Eating Patterns and Nutrient Intakes of College Students by Residences of Self-Boarding and Home with Parents in Chungnam

This study was carried out with 436 college students in Chungnam to investigate the relationship between residences and eating patterns of college students. The subjects were devided into two groups; those who live in self-boarding house(SB) and home with parents(HWP). The results were as follows. An average height, weight and BMI were 173.5cm, 66.0kg and 21.9 in male SB and 161.8cm, 50.2kg and 19.2 in female SB and 172.9cm, 67.6kg and 22.6 in male HWP and 161.2cm, 50.9kg and 19.6 in female HWP, respectively. There were no significant differences in the general characteristics between the SB and the HWP. The proportions of disease possession, vitamin/mineral supplements and physical exercise were not significantly different between two groups by residences. Sleeping time of the SB was longer than that of the HWP. And, frequency of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking of the SB were higher than those of the HWP. The proportions of skipping meals in the SB were higher than those in the HWP. Approximately 40.42% of the SB tended to skip the breakfast, while 11.26% of the HWP did. It turns out that the most common reason why skipped meals was due to a eating habit(44.21%) in the SB and a lack of time(48.85%) in the HWP, respectively. The survey shows that while a great majority of the SB had lunch at campus(50.00%) and home(30.00%), the HWP ate lunch at campus(33.79%) and restaurant(33.33%). About 48% of the SB ate out more than 2~3 times a week compared to 42% of the HWP. The daily intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B2, niacin and vitamin C in the SB were significantly higher than those in the HWP. The percent RDAs of calcium and iron intakes were lower in female students than in male students. In conclusions, students of self-boarding had more dietary problems than students of home with parents. These results suggest that college students of self-boarding might have low ability of meal management. Therefore, nutrition education for college students is needed, and menus of campus cafeterias should be developed to meet the various needs of students.

Low prevalence of disordered eating patterns and menstrual irregularities in chinese female athletes / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of disordered eating patterns (DEP) and menstrual irregularities in Chinese female athletes (n=881) and nonathletic controls (n=147), by using Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and written questionnaires. The athletes were divided into the following 6 categories : technical, endurance I (leanness is considered important for athletic performance) and II (leanness is less important), aesthetic, ball-game and power sports. The prevalence of DEP in the athletes estimated by EAT-26 was low (technical 1.5%, endurance I 3.3%, endurance 11 1.6%, aesthetic 3.0%, ball-game 3.0% and power sports 0.9%), and didn't significantly differ from that in nonathletic controls (0.7%) . Amenorrheic athletes were not observed in endurance I and II, aesthetic, or ball-game sports and very low prevalence rates for amenorrhea were found in the athletes in technical (0.5%) and power sports (0.4%) . These figures represent no significant differences between athletes and nonathletes in the prevalence rates of amenorrhea. It was suggested that a low prevalence of DEP in Chinese athletes stems from low socioculturally- and socioeconomically-imposed desires to be thin and low requirements for weight loss to improve athletic performance. Also, the present data suggest that the low incidence of amenorrhea in Chinese athletes is partly associated with the low prevalence of DEP.

Prevalence of disordered eating patterns and menstrual status in japanese female athletes / 体力科学

This study investigated the desire and its reasons for weight loss, the prevalence of disordered eating patterns and menstrual status, by using written questionnaires and Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), in Japanese female athletes (n=1000) and nonathletic controls (n=593) . Athletes were divided into the following 6 categories : technical (n=84), endurance I (n=84) and II (n=76), aesthetic (n=120), ball-game (n=447), and power sports (n=189) . Endurance I consisted of athletes competing in sports where leanness were considered important, while endurance II consisted of athletes competing in sports where leanness is less important. In each category, about four fifths of the athletes wanted to reduce their present weight. As to the reasons for weight loss, the athletes, especially those in the categories of endurance I (79%), power (52%) and aesthetic (34%) sports, reported that they prefer to be thin for improving their athletic performance. The prevalence of disordered eating patterns estimated by EAT-26 was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the athletes of endurance I (20%) and aesthetic (12%) groups than in the nonathletic controls (3 %) . In the athletes of these two sporting event categories, higher rates of amenorrhea (endurance I 20% and aesthetic 7 % vs. nonathlets 1 %) were found to be accompanied by lower values of obesity index and BMI. These data indicate a significantly higher prevalence of disordered eating patterns and menstrual dysfunction in the athletes involved in sports where leanness is emphasized, and a close relationship among undernutrition, low body weight and menstrual dysfunction.