ABSTRACT
Resumo Fundamento O ecocardiograma intracardíaco (EIC) permite visualizar estruturas cardíacas e reconhecer complicações durante a ablação da fibrilação atrial (AFA). Comparado ao ecocardiograma transesofágico (ETE), o EIC é menos sensível para detecção de trombo no apêndice atrial, porém requer mínima sedação e menos operadores, tornando-o atrativo num cenário de recursos restritos. Objetivo Comparar 13 casos de AFA utilizando EIC (grupo AFA-EIC) com 36 casos de AFA utilizando ETE (grupo AFA-ETE). Método Trata-se de corte prospectiva realizada em um único centro. O desfecho principal foi o tempo de procedimento. Desfechos secundários tempo de fluoroscopia, dose de radiação (mGy/cm2), complicações maiores e tempo de internação hospitalar em horas. O perfil clínico foi comparado pelo escore CHA2DS2-VASc. Um valor de p <0,05 foi considerado uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Resultados A mediana do escore de CHA2DS2-VASc score foi 1 (0-3) no grupo AFA-EIC e 1 (0-4) no grupo AFA-ETE. O tempo total de procedimento foi de 129 ± 27 min grupo AFA-EIC e 189 ± 41 no AFA-ETE (p<0,001); o grupo AFA-EIC recebeu uma dose menor de radiação (mGy/cm2, 51296 ± 24790 vs. 75874 ± 24293; p=0,002), no entanto, o tempo de fluoroscopia em minutos mostrou-se semelhante (27,48 ± 9,79 vs. 26,4 ± 9,32; p=0,671). As medianas do tempo de hospitalização não se mostraram diferentes, 48 (36-72) horas (AFA-EIC) e 48 (48-66) horas (AFA-ETE) (p=0,27). Conclusão Nesta coorte, AFA-EIC foi relacionado a menores tempos de procedimento e menor exposição à radiação, sem aumentar o risco de complicações ou o tempo de internação hospitalar.
Abstract Background Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) allows visualization of cardiac structures and recognition of complications during atrial fibrillation ablation (AFA). Compared to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), ICE is less sensitive to detecting thrombus in the atrial appendage but requires minimal sedation and fewer operators, making it attractive in a resource-constrained setting. Objective To compare 13 cases of AFA using ICE (AFA-ICE group) with 36 cases of AFA using TEE (AFA-TEE group). Methods This is a single-center prospective cohort study. The main outcome was procedure time. Secondary outcomes: fluoroscopy time, radiation dose (mGy/cm2), major complications, and length of hospital stay in hours. The clinical profile was compared using the CHA2DS2-VASc score. A p-value <0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference between groups. Results The median CHA2DS2-VASc score was 1 (0-3) in the AFA-ICE group and 1 (0-4) in the AFA-TEE group. The total procedure time was 129 ± 27 min in the AFA-ICE group and 189 ± 41 min in the AFA-TEE group (p<0.001); the AFA-ICE group received a lower dose of radiation (mGy/cm2, 51296 ± 24790 vs. 75874 ± 24293; p=0.002), despite the similar fluoroscopy time (27.48 ± 9. 79 vs. 26.4 ± 9.32; p=0.671). The median length of hospital stay did not differ; 48 (36-72) hours (AFA-ICE) and 48 (48-66) hours (AFA-TEE) (p=0.27). Conclusions In this cohort, AFA-ICE was related to shorter procedure times and less exposure to radiation without increasing the risk of complications or the length of hospital stay.
ABSTRACT
With increased availability and feasibility of bedside sonography, point-of-care ultrasonography is a rapidly developing field in many fields of emergency and intensive care medicine. Although anesthesiologists frequently encounter severe hypotension and hypoxia in the operating room and the recovery room, standardized education programs for anesthesiologists regarding bedside transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) do not exist. Compared to transesophageal echocardiography, TTE is completely noninvasive, faster, and it is relatively easier to obtain images therefore, rapid interpretation and diagnosis is possible. In this review, differential diagnosis of severe hypotension with a basic view of TTE is introduced. Anesthesiologists should be encouraged to learn TTE, and thus, they can make quick and accurate decisions about the unclear and unknown causes of severe hypotension and hypoxia.
Subject(s)
Hypoxia , Critical Care , Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Echocardiography , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Education , Emergencies , Hand , Hypotension , Operating Rooms , Point-of-Care Systems , Recovery Room , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the efficacy of enteral paracetamol and intravenous indomethacin for closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Level III neonatal intensive care unit. Participants: 77 preterm neonates with birth weight ≤1500 g and PDA size ≥1.5 mm, with left to right ductal flow with left atrium to aortic root ratio >1.5:1; diagnosed by 2D-Echo within first 48 hours of life. Intervention: Paracetamol drops through the infant feeding tube (15mg/kg/dose 6 hourly for 7 days) or intravenous indomethacin (0.2 mg/kg/dose once daily for 3 days). Outcome measures: Primary: PDA closure rate assessed by echocardiography. Secondary: need for surgical closure of PDA, renal impairment, gastrointestinal bleed, necrotising enterocolitis, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary hemorrhage, sepsis, hypothermia, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mortality. Results: PDA closure rate was 100% (36/36) in enteral paracetamol group as compared to 94.6% (35/37) in intravenous indomethacin group (P=0.13). The secondary outcomes were also similar between the two groups. There was no occurrence of hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: Enteral paracetamol is safe but not superior to intravenous indomethacin in the treatment of PDA in preterm neonates.
ABSTRACT
Considerando a complexidade do esforço físico inerente a cavalos em competições de polo e da carência de relatos na literatura sobre os efeitos cardíacos resultantes de um chukker, associado ainda a dinâmica do peso, o objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar por meio da ecocardiografia, 27 equinos atletas de polo, submetidos à partida treino, em repouso e após o exercício. Os resultados demonstraram que esta modalidade alterou diversos índices ecocardiográfico no período de cinco a dez minutos do término de um chukker. Foram eles, estruturais com: redução da espessura do septo interventricular e parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo e aumento do diâmetro interno do ventrículo esquerdo em sístole, e funcionais como: aumento do débito cardíaco e frequência cardíaca, enquanto que o volume sistólico, a fração de encurtamento e a fração de ejeção reduziram. A perda de peso corporal não foi significativa, portanto não foi associado às alterações ecocardiográficas. Estes resultados sugeriram que a demanda cardíaca foi alta, indicando a importância de um acompanhamento físico e treinamento cardiovascular específico para esta modalidade.
Considering the complexity of the physical effort inherent in polo horses in competitions and the lack of reports about the cardiovascular effects resulting from a Chukker, yet the dynamics of the associated weight, the aim of this study was to evaluate by echocardiography with 27 horses polo athletes who underwent training starting at rest and after exercise. The results showed that this method has changed several echocardiographic indexes within five to ten minutes before the end of a Chukker. It was they, as structural index, thickness reduction interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall and increased left ventricular diameter, and functional as an increase in cardiac output and heart rate, while stroke volume, fractional shortening and ejection fraction reduced. The weight loss was not significant, so was not associated with echocardiographic changes. These results suggest that cardiac demand was high, indicating the importance of the physical and cardiovascular training specific to this modality.
Subject(s)
Animals , Horses/physiology , Echocardiography, Stress/veterinary , Physical Exertion , Heart Rate , RunningABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes of perioperative right ventricular function after pulmonary resction. Methods 45 cases of pulmonary resection were divided into four groups.Group Ⅰwas wedge resection(n = 10), GroupⅡ was lobectomy(n = 19), Group Ⅲ was double lobectomy(n=7)and Group Ⅳ was pneumonectomy(n=9). The changes of CVP, PAMP, PEP/ET, Sa, VTIs, RVSP, Ea/Aa, and Tel were evaluated by traditional ultrasonic and tissue Doppler ultrasonic techniques at different time inter- vals (pre-operation, 5-7 days orland 1 month post-operation), Results Compared with the pre-operation CVP, the indexes of all groups have no significant changes post-operatively. Wedge resection didn' t obviously influence right cardiac after load and systolic function/diastolic function. No evidet changes detected in Tei pre-and post-operatively. However, the indexes (PAMP, RVSP and PEP/ET ratio) reflecting right cardiac afterload evidently increased at post-pneumonectomy or lobectomy group5- 7 days post-opera- tive. All these reflect the decrease of Tei, which was more obvious in pneumonectomy than in lobectomy group. Right cardiac after- load, systolic/diastolic function and Tel index recovered to pre-operative level 1 month post-operation in single lobectomy group. But the above indicators, especially the Tel, were still high in double lobectomy and pmeunonectomy groups 1 morth post-operation.Tei index is positively correlated with PAMP and is weakly correlated with PET/ET ratio and Ea/Aa ratio. Conclusion Pulmonary wedge resection doesn't evidently influence right cardiac function. However, right cardiac diastolic function evidently decreases temporarily at lobectomy group. The systolic function and diastolic funetions decrease after double-lobectomy and pneumonectomy and it's more evident in pneumonectomy group. Though the right cardiac afterloads of lobectomy, double lobectomy and pneumonectomy groupa all increase significantly post-operativlye, only the former recover to pre-operative level 1 month after surgery.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the applied values of echocadiography in closing membranous ventricular septal defects (VSD) with the Amplatzer devices. Methods The VSD were closed by transcatheter Amplatzer closure devices in nine patients. The patients′ age ranged between 15-45 years old,mean (26?10) years old. The VSD diameter was measured from 3 to 15 mm. Seven patients were guided by transthoracic echocardiography and 2 patients by transesophageal echocardiography. Results All VSD were successfully closed by the Amplatzer devices, without complications. The device size ranged from 6 to 18 mm. No residual shunt and complication were detected by the echocadiography in intraoperation and 3 or 4 days after operation. Conclusions Echocardiography plays an important role in closing VSD with Amplatzer device, not only in intraoperative guidance and monitor, but also in post-operative follow up study.