ABSTRACT
Background: Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a severe and rare autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, characterized by severe hyperkeratosis, extensive fissuring and massive, diamond-shaped scales which limit the child’s movements. The term harlequin comes from the baby’s facial expression and diamond-shaped pattern of the scales like the 17th century entertainers, harlequins. The underlying genetic abnormality has been identified as a mutation in the lipid-transporter gene ABCA 12 on chromosome 2q35. Aim and objectives: To provide a comprehensive knowledge of severe forms of congenital ichthyosis, the harlequin ichthyosis and abolish the superstitious notion regarding the appearance of the neonate. Materials and Methods: The present report is case of premature girl baby delivered at MIMS, Mandya. The neonate presented plaques of rigid fixed skin, separated by deep red fissures, facial features were obliterated by thickened skin, undeveloped nose and pinna, severe ectropion and eclabium. Intensive care was given and survival was prolonged by systemic retinoids. The neonate succumbed to respiratory failure few days later. Results and conclusion: The present study gives a comprehensive knowledge of harlequin ichthyosis and provides emphasis on sensitization of the disease to prevent any misconception or superstition. Also lays emphasis on Genetic counseling of the couple to prevent further occurrences.
ABSTRACT
Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is the rarest and the most severe form of congenital ichthyosis. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and associated with mutations in gene ABCA12. There have been reports of several families with siblings affected with harlequin icthyosis. Affected infants have severe ectropion, eclabium, diffuse decreased range of motion, thick, dry hyperkeratotic plates, over entire body and scalp and associated deep erythematous fissures. Infants with HI have historically succumbed in the perinatal period to sepsis, respiratory failure and infections, poor nutrition and electrolyte imbalances. It is a rare entity. We report here a case of harlequin Icthyosis infant born to consanguineous parents whose 3 siblings were also affected with the same disorder. Keywo