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Resumen Objetivo: identificar cuáles fueron, desde el punto de vista de las madres y padres, las condiciones de estudio, los aprendizajes y las reacciones emocionales antes y durante la pandemia de sus hijas/os con necesidades educativas especiales, además de conocer algunas condiciones emocionales de ellas/os mismas/os. Método: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, en el cual se aplicaron cuestionarios digitales a madres y padres de alumnas/os con y sin necesidades educativas especiales, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico, intencional. Participaron 2.634 madres y padres (entre 35 y 38 años de edad en promedio, 90 % mujeres). Resultados: Se encontró que los alumnos estudiaron en condiciones precarias, y se vieron afectados seriamente en sus aprendizajes y mostraron reacciones emocionales negativas durante la pandemia. Los alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales resultaron muy afectados, pero no mucho más que los alumnos sin estas necesidades, lo cual probablemente se debió al trabajo de las USAER. Las madres y padres, particularmente de los alumnos con NEE, presentaron cansancio y frustración. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el confinamiento produjo serias afectaciones en todos los estudiantes, incluyendo a quienes presentan necesidades educativas especiales, pero estos no resultaron mucho más afectados gracias al apoyo brindado por las USAER. Discusión: Estos resultados obligan a tomar medidas emergentes durante el regreso a clases presenciales para compensar las pérdidas de aprendizaje.
Abstract Objective: To identify what were, from the point of view of mothers and fathers, the study conditions, learning and emotional reactions before and during the pandemic of their children with special educational needs, in addition to knowing the emotional conditions of themselves. Method: An exploratory study was carried out, in which digital questionnaires were administered to mothers and fathers of students with and without special educational needs (SEN), selected through a non-probabilistic, intentional sample. Participants included 2,634 mothers and fathers (between 35 and 38 years old on average, 90 % women). Results: The learners studied in precarious conditions, were seriously affected in their academic learning and showed negative emotional reactions during the pandemic. Students with special educational needs were also greatly affected, but not much more so than students without these needs, which was probably due to the work of the USAER. The mothers and fathers, particularly of the students with SEN, presented fatigue and frustration. Conclusions: The lockdown produced serious effects on the learning of all students, including those with special educational needs, who, nevertheless, were not as affected due to the support provided by USAER. Discussion: These results point out to the need to adopt emerging measures during the return to face-to-face classes to compensate for the loss of learning.
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Introducción: se buscó analizar la prevalencia de enfermedades dermatológicas de la población de un asentamiento urbano precario próximo al vertedero municipal de Asunción (Paraguay), atendiendo a la exposición de las condiciones socioambientales. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal con una muestra no probabilística intencional que incluyó a 77 personas de entre 5 meses y 76 años. Resultados: en el momento del examen físico, el 96.2 % de las personas presentó, al menos, una lesión cutánea, y el 79.2 %, una o más enfermedades infecciosas de piel; sin embargo, el 77.9 % no había recu-rrido a consulta médica. Las más sobresalientes fueron las micosis (35.1 %), las bacterianas (35.1 %) y las ectoparasitosis (27.3 %). Se identificó que la prevalencia de enfermedades bacterianas de piel apunta a una posible mayor exposición a condiciones adversas como: un clima subtropical de altas temperaturas y húmedo, una alta relación de convivientes en el hogar por dormitorio, problemas de provisión de agua y suelos de arena en los hogares, así como un sistema de evacuación de excretas deficiente, la presencia de animales con escasa vigilancia sanitaria, la proximidad a arroyos y cauces al aire libre depositarios de materia cloacal y el impacto recurrente de raudales los días de intensa lluvia. Conclusión: los resul-tados sugieren que la alta prevalencia de enfermedades cutáneas infecciosas podría relacionarse con una mayor exposición a condiciones socioambientales locales adversas, que son factores relevantes por tener en cuenta para mejorar la atención a la salud de las enfermedades dermatológicas de la población urbana que habita en un asentamiento urbano precario
Introduction: This study analyzes the prevalence of dermatological diseases in the population of a precarious urban settlement near the municipal landfill of Asunción (Paraguay), in relation to expo-sure to socio-environmental conditions. Materials and methods: descriptive, cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic purposive sample that included 77 people aged between 5 months and 76 years. Results: at the time of physical examination, 96.2% of the people presented at least one skin lesion and 79.2% one or more infectious skin diseases, but 77.9% had not consulted a doctor. The most prominent were mycoses (35.1%), bacterial (35.1%) and ectoparasitoses (27.3%). It was identified that the preva-lence of bacterial skin diseases points to possible increased exposure to adverse conditions such as: a subtropical climate with high temperatures and humidity, a high ratio of people living in the household per bedroom, water supply problems and sandy soils in homes, as well as a deficient excreta disposal system, the presence of animals with poor sanitary surveillance, proximity to streams and open-air waterways that deposit sewage and the recurrent impact of floods on days of heavy rainfall. Conclusion:the results suggest that the high prevalence of infectious skin diseases could be related to increased exposure to adverse local socio-environmental conditions, which are relevant factors to be taken into to improve the health care of skin diseases in the urban population living in a slum settlement
Introdução: este estudo analisa a prevalência de doenças dermatológicas na população de um assen-tamento urbano precário próximo ao aterro sanitário municipal de Asunción (Paraguai) em relação à exposição às condições socioambientais. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal, com uma amostra não-probabilística de propósito que incluiu 77 pessoas com idade entre 5 meses e 76 anos. Resultados: no momento do exame físico, 96,2% das pessoas tinham pelo menos uma lesão de pele e 79,2% tinham uma ou mais doenças infecciosas de pele, mas 77,9% não tinham consultado um médico. As mais importantes foram micoses (35,1%), bacterianas (35,1%) e ectoparasitoses (27,3%). A preva-lência de doenças bacterianas da pele foi identificada como apontando para um possível aumento da exposição a condições adversas tais como: um clima subtropical com altas temperaturas e umidade, uma alta proporção de pessoas vivendo na casa por quarto, problemas de abastecimento de água e solos arenosos nas habitações, bem como um sistema de eliminação de excrementos deficiente, a presença de animais com vigilância sanitária deficiente, proximidade a riachos e cursos de água abertos que depositam águas residuais, e o impacto recorrente de enchentes em dias de chuvas fortes. Conclusão:Os resultados sugerem que a alta prevalência de doenças infecciosas de pele pode estar relacionada ao aumento da exposição a condições sócio-ambientais locais adversas, que são fatores relevantes a serem considerados para melhorar os cuidados com doenças de pele na população urbana que vive em uma favela
Subject(s)
Humans , Environmental Health , Paraguay , Skin Diseases , Urban Population , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Background: The severe malnutrition is the background of infant mortality in Toamasina region. In spite of the efforts given to the care of those undernourished, this medical scourge always clamps down in national scale. A wider look shows that it is not only a health problem but also socio economic. Our study has as goal to detect the degree of influence of socio economic conditions of mothers about nutritional and weights condition of the childrenespecially in hospitals.Methods: We led a cross descriptive retrospective study based on hospitalized children records in Intensive Nutritional Recovery Center (INRC) of the University Hospital Center (UHC) of Toamasina during 2017.Results: 150 children have been included in the study. The average age of children is 11 months and there is no particular difference found concerning their gender. The breastfeeding was found in most of the case (90%). Concerning the mother, the average age is 21, 5. Those mothers were singles in 76.67% of the cases and practiced informal activities in 62% of the cases. We have deplored 3 deaths during our study period.Conclusions: The poor socio economic condition of the mothers influences considerably the risk to expose the children less than 5 years to the malnutrition. A combined action between health workers and economists is compulsory so as to get through this scourge.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and determinants of folic acid supplementation among women referred to community health centers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 325 women referred to community health centers. The subjects were selected from 8 community health centers, using a stratified sampling technique. Data regarding demographics, socioeconomic status, obstetrics, folic acid supplementation status, and household food security status were obtained via questionnaires. The data was analyzed in SPSS v22. RESULTS: The prevalence of folic acid supplementation both before and during pregnancy was 54.5%. The results of the study showed that folic acid supplementation had a significant positive association with education level (odds ratio [OR],0 .441; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.199–0.977; P<0.05), being employed (OR, 0.353; 95% CI, 0.148–0.840; P<0.05), and planned pregnancy (OR, 18.113; 95% CI, 7.371–44.51; P<0.001). However, other variables, including age, husband's age, husband's education and employment status, the number of prior pregnancies, economic satisfaction, and household food security, were nonsignificant factors affecting folic acid supplementation. CONCLUSION: Women with lower socioeconomic status are less likely to take folic acid supplements, and more effort should be made to increase their awareness of the importance of supplementation. Unplanned pregnancy is another strong risk factor for not supplementing with folic acid, and thus should be avoided.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Community Health Centers , Contraception , Cross-Sectional Studies , Demography , Education , Employment , Family Characteristics , Family Planning Services , Folic Acid , Food Supply , Obstetrics , Pregnancy, Unplanned , Prevalence , Referral and Consultation , Risk Factors , Social ClassABSTRACT
ABSTRACT This article focusses on issues that may impact the health and well-being of women who have retired from the healthcare professions. Gender ideologies that interconnect with social situations, economic conditions and family responsibilities are highlighted as these may influence the health status of these women. Women in health professions contribute significantly to the health status of our population at large. They may be able to contribute significantly to health-care even in their retirement years if their needs are known and addressed. It is intended that persons reading this article will become sensitive to the needs of these women and take steps to address them.
RESUMEN Este artículo se centra en problemas que pueden afectar la salud y el bienestar de las mujeres que se han retirado de profesiones de atención a la salud. Se destacan las ideologías de género que se interconectan con las situaciones sociales, las condiciones económicas y las responsabilidades familiares, ya que pueden influir en el estado de salud de estas mujeres. Las mujeres en profesiones de atención a la salud contribuyen significativamente al estado de salud de nuestra población en general. Ellas pueden contribuir significativamente a la atención a la salud incluso en sus años de jubilación, si sus necesidades son conocidas y atendidas. Se pretende que las personas que lean este artículo se sensibilicen con las necesidades de estas mujeres y tomen medidas en tal sentido.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Women, Working , Health Personnel , Retirement , Social Factors , Economic FactorsABSTRACT
ntecedentes:se considera que el conocimiento que guía nuestras prácticas es socialmente elaborado y compartido y que la variabilidad en las elecciones en torno a la alimentación se relaciona con la variabilidad en las condiciones de vida.Objetivo: indagar acerca de prácticas (acciones) y representaciones (ideas subyacentes) en torno a la alimentación de familias con al menos un niño/a de 3 a 6 años de edad residentes en distintos ambientes socio-económicos del departamento de Villaguay, Entre Ríos, Argentina.Metodología:en establecimientos educativos públicos de la zona urbana (Ur), periurbana (Pe) y rural (Ru) del departamento de Villaguay, padres y madres fueron invitados a desarrollar voluntariamente encuestas asistidas, obteniéndose un total de 303 encuestas (109 Ur, 133 Pe y 61 Ru). Los resultados se analizaron y compararon entre zonas mediante pruebas de Chi2.Resultados y conclusiones:el análisis de los datos evidenció diferencias para algunas prácticas y representaciones exhibiendo, además, estrecha relación con la variabilidad en las condiciones de vida. Así, por ejemplo, mientras que las familias urbanas, de más alto nivel socio-económico, elegían sus alimentos principalmente por las marcas, en las familias más carenciadas del periurbano, el precio era el factor determinante. Por último, la zona rural presentó características socio-económicas intermedias y se observó una mayor participación de toda la familia en actividades relacionadas a la alimentación. No obstante, también se detectaron ciertas uniformidades independientes de las condiciones socio-económicas, como la práctica de consumo entre comidas o la preocupación por lograr una "buena alimentación", dando cuenta de que algunos aspectos trascienden las fronteras de los subsistemas socioculturales
ackground:It is known that the knowledge that guides our practices is socially elaborated and that the variability in food choices is related to the variability in living conditions.Objetive: To inquire about practices (actions) and representations (underlying ideas) about the feeding of families with at least one child from 3 to 6 years old living in different socio-economic environments of the Villaguay district, Entre Ríos, Argentina.Methodology:In public educational establishments of the urban (Ur), periurban (Pe) and rural (Ru) areas of the department of Villaguay, parents were invited to voluntarily develop assisted surveys, obtaining a total of 303 surveys (109 Ur, 133 Pe and 61 Ru).Results and Conclusions:The analysis of the data showed differences between zones for some practices and representations, also exhibiting their close relationship with the variability of the living conditions. For example, while urban families of higher socioeconomic status chose their food primarily for brands, in the most deprived families of the periurban, price was the determining factor. Finally, the rural area had intermediate socio-economic characteristics and a greater participation of the whole family in activities related to food was observed. However, certain uniformities, independent of the socioeconomic differences, were also detected, such as the practice of eating between meals or the concern to achieve "a good food", noting that some aspects transcend the boundaries of sociocultural subsystems.
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El propósito de este artículo es establecer un diagnóstico de los humedales de Bañó y Los Negros basado en el análisis y caracterización de las esferas social, económica y natural, a fin de entender las causas de los eventos físicos, económicos, sociales y educativos que expliquen el desfasamiento entre percepciones y culturas adecuadas para la sostenibilidad ambiental del territorio y la consideración de tales causas para la generación de un modelo educativo no formal. La problemática ambiental existente en los humedales es el resultado de las presiones de tipo antrópico a la que han sido sometidos, la ausencia de una cultural ambiental ha llevado a sus habitantes a desequilibrar tales ecosistemas. Como resultado del diagnóstico territorial se identificaron una serie de problemas ambientales: desecación de humedales, pérdida de la biodiversidad, deficientes condiciones sanitarias, contaminación del suelo y agua, y manejo inadecuado de residuos. Factores como el bajo nivel educativo, las escasas oportunidades de empleo y los pocos ingresos por núcleo familiar inciden de forma indirecta en el deterioro de los humedales. Se resalta que un 85,8% del total de la población tiene más de 16 años de vivir en el área de estudio, por lo tanto tienen un conocimiento empírico de los humedales y de los problemas presentes en ellos.
The purpose of this article is to establish a diagnosis of the wetlands of Bañó and Negros based on the analysis and characterization of the social, economic and natural spheres in order to understand the causes of physical, economic, social and educational events that explain the destaging between perceptions and cultures adequate for the environmental sustainability of the territory and the consideration of such causes for the generation of a non-formal educational system. The existing environmental problem in the wetlands of Bañó and Negros is the result of the pressures of anthropic type they have been submitted to, the absence of an environmental culture has led residents to unbalance the ecosystems in mention. As a result of the territorial diagnosis, a number of environmental problems ranging from desiccation of wetlands, loss of biodiversity, poor sanitary conditions, soil and water pollution to inappropriate waste management were identified. Factors such as a low level of education, limited employment opportunities and little household income affect indirectly the deterioration of wetlands. It's important to note that 85,8% of the total population has been living in the study area for more than 16 years. Therefore they have a broad knowledge of the wetlands and of the problems present in them.
Subject(s)
Humans , Education , Poverty , Water Pollution , Environmental PollutionABSTRACT
Neste estudo buscou-se conhecer a percepção de saúde mental de adolescentes advindos de contextos socioeconômicos diferentes. Participaram da pesquisa 252 jovens do Distrito Federal, do Ensino Médio, sendo 129 de escola particular situada em região com alto Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano - IDH (54,3% do sexo feminino, 34,1% do 3º ano e 48,8% com idades acima de 16 anos) e 123 de escola pública situada em região de baixo IDH (52,8% sexo feminino, 82,9% do 1º ano e 32,8% com 16 anos). Solicitou-se aos jovens que completassem, por meio de desenhos, a frase: "para mim, estar saudável mentalmente/emocionalmente é...". A análise dos desenhos resultou em 312 representações de saúde mental classificadas em 11 categorias temáticas. De forma geral, as representações de saúde mental estavam pautadas por uma visão ecológica, sendo representada principalmente por figuras humanas com conteúdos ligados a bem estar pessoal, representações de vínculos inter-relacionais e intrafamiliares e contextos sociais.
This study aimed to investigate the mental health perception of teenagers from different socioeconomic backgrounds. A total of 252 students from the Federal District´s High School, being 129 from private school located in a high Human Development Index (HDI) region (54.3% female, 34.1% in the last year of high school and 48.8% aged over 16 years old) and 123 from public school located in a low HDI region (52.8% female, 82.9% from the 1st year of high school and 32.8% at the age of 16). The teenagers were asked to complete drawings by the phrase: "For myself, being mentally and emotionally healthy is ...". The analysis of drawings resulted in 312 mental health representations and 11 thematic categories. In general, the mental health representations were guided by an ecological view, represented mainly by human figures with related content to personal well-being, representations of inter-relational links and intra-family and social contexts.