ABSTRACT
Background: In spite of being a principal producer and exporter of vaccines and billions spent over decades, India is home to one-third of the world's under-five children (U5C) with no immunization. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find the outcome of child-to-child and child-to-parent Information, Education and Communication (IEC) strategy on the current percentage of immunization coverage (IC). Methods: A mixed design research with multilevel concurrent sampling was conducted in Pune. Based on school students' households, 44 clusters having U5C were divided randomly into 11 experimental/control groups each. IEC strategy to students was independent variable and IC among U5C was dependent variable. Data were collected from 1092 students and 2352 U5C parents over 6 years. Vaccination card and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin mark were considered as evidence to conclude on full, partial and no IC. Change in knowledge quotient (KQ) among students/parents and U5C IC before and after IEC strategy assessed. Results: Rural/urban age-appropriate full IC of U5C was 51% and 67% before and 88% and 85% in post-IEC, respectively. The mean KQ change score of 8–12/20 in students is likely to increase full IC by 37% and 18%, decrease partial coverage at 14% and 12%, and improve none coverage at 23% and 16%, from its existing level positively in experimental groups. Numerous factors discouraged parents to pursue their U5C immunization. Conclusions: Advocacy through school students can be an economically viable alternative marketing strategy for inadequate U5C IC than billions spent on treating vaccine-preventable diseases and impractical options.
ABSTRACT
El artículo da cuenta de un estudio internacional realizado entre octubre de 2011 y enero de 2012, como fundamento para el diseño y elaboración de un material audiovisual (spot) con el objeto de sensibilizar y visibilizar la problemática del Chagas. La investigación, de carácter cualitativo, recogió los datos de 38 encuestas, respondidas por personas afectadas y especialistas en la temática. La información para cada grupo se ordenó según aspectos que las personas asociaban con la palabra Chagas, y dificultades, retos, desafíos y logros vinculados. Para cada punto se presenta un análisis de las respuestas, relatos y anécdotas relacionadas. Las conclusiones refuerzan la necesidad de conocer y dar a conocer las dificultades que viven las personas afectadas por el Chagas, considerando que se trata de una realidad que tiene diversas manifestaciones dependiendo del contexto...
O artigo apresenta um estudo internacional realizado entre outubro de 2011 e janeiro de 2012, no qual se baseou o desenho e elaboração de um vídeo (spot) que tinha como objetivo a sensibilização e promoção da visibilidade da problemática vinculada à doença de Chagas. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, analisou a informação recolhida por meio de 38 questionários respondidos por pessoas afetadas e especialistas sobre a doença. A informação, para cada um dos dois grupos, foi classificada de acordo com os aspectos que as pessoas associavam com a palavra Chagas, e as dificuldades, adversidades, desafios e conquistas vinculadas com a doença. Para cada um dos referidos aspectos, apresenta-se uma análise das respostas, relatos e anedotas. As conclusões reforçam a necessidade de se conhecer e divulgar as dificuldades vividas pelas pessoas afetadas pela doença de Chagas, tendo em mente que se trata de uma realidade que se manifesta de forma diversa dependendo do contexto...
This paper presents an international study that was conducted between October 2011 and January 2012, in which a video (spot) to boost awareness and raise the profile of Chagas disease issues was designed and developed. This study was of qualitative nature and analyzed information that was gathered from 38 questionnaires that had been answered by individuals affected by the disease and by specialists on this disease. The information from each group was classified according to factors that they associated with the word Chagas, along with the difficulties, adversities, challenges, objectives and achievements relating to the disease. The responses, reports and anecdotes relating to each of these factors were analyzed. The conclusions emphasize the need to know and make known the difficulties that people affected by Chagas disease experience, bearing in mind that the realities are manifested differently depending on the context...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Chagas Disease , Educational and Promotional Materials , Health CommunicationABSTRACT
[ Objective ] To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a reproductive health program with information, education and communication ( IEC ) method among junior middle school students. [ Methods] Investigation was performed by the stratified cluster sampling method.Self-report questionnaires were given to junior middle school students who were randomly included from 16 classes of 8 middle schools in Shanghai.A 3-month intervention with IEC method was conducted, which included activities as issuing intervention material, hand-copying paper competition, debating discussion, knowledge contest, scene plays and so on.Participant teachers had been trained for organization of these activities. After that, a second investigation by questionnaire was made both in intervention and control groups and then effect evaluation was done on the basis of the results of the two investigations before and after intervention. [ Results] Compared with control group, knowledge scores of intervention group were improved significantly after the intervention.The general knowledge scores were increased from 42.3 to 61.3 (P<0.01), which was apparently higher than that in control group.At posttest, the intervention group students'premarital sex attitude was more conservative compared with the control group, with the scores being increased from 66.7 to 73.9 (P<0.01).The intervention group students'scores of having premarital sex and safe sex intention were increased from 77.7, 68.7 to 89.9, 87.3 (P all<0.01).There were about four fifths students who expressed that they were satisfied with the intervention content, format, time schedule, and benefited from it. [ Conclusion ] The school-based IEC method can change the premarital sexual behavior intention in some students and some others tend to have safe sex.Short-term effect of intervention is apparent, but the long-term impact of the intervention on the students still needs to be further investigated and confirmed.
ABSTRACT
Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico consistente en una estrategia educativa con participación comunitaria en una zona de riesgo del Consejo Popular Colón, municipio Sancti Spíritus en el 2007. El estudio comprendió 2 fases: la primera, la elaboración de la estrategia donde se identificaron los factores ambientales y sociales que influyen en la aparición de criaderos de Aedes aegypti; la segunda fase, validación de la estrategia a partir del criterio de expertos. El universo de estudio incluyó los líderes comunitarios de la zona de riesgo que pertenecen a los consultorios médicos de la familia números 7, 13 y 25, del área de salud Sur. La muestra estuvo conformada por 12 participantes: médicos y enfermeras de la familia, trabajadores de la "campaña", representantes del gobierno local, de los Comité de Defensa de la Revolución y la Federación de Mujeres Cubanas, presidente del Consejo de Defensa y educador para la salud del área. Como resultado se diseñó una estrategia educativa de información, educación y comunicación con participación comunitaria, sobre la base de los principales problemas sociales y ambientales identificados, tomando en consideración las necesidades de aprendizaje detectadas en la exploración de conocimientos y prácticas de la población estudiada. La totalidad de los expertos coincidieron en que la estrategia diseñada tiene amplias posibilidades y probabilidades de éxito en su aplicación y consideraron que el enfoque educativo propuesto permitirá que la comunidad potencialice la responsabilidad individual, familiar y comunitaria con su salud.
A technological development research consisting in an educational strategy with community involvement in a risk area of the Consejo Popular Colón, Sancti Spíritus municipality in 2007 was carried out. Study included two phases: First, the design of a strategy to identify the environmental and social factors influencing on the appearance of Aedes aegypty breeding places; the second one the validation of strategy from the expert criteria. Study group included the health area community leaders of risk area from the number 7, 13 and 25 family physician consulting room of the southern health area. Sample included 12 participants: family physicians and nurses. "campaign" workers, local government representatives, Defence Committee of the Revolution and the Cuban Women Federation, the Defence Council Chief and the health area teacher. As result, information, education and communication strategy was designed with community involvement, on the base of the main social and environmental problems identified, taking into account the learning needs detected in knowledge exploration and practice of study population. The total of experts agreed that designed strategy has wide possibilities and probabilities of success in its application and considered that the proposed educational approach will allows that community strengthen individual, family and community responsibility in relation to health.