Efectividad de una intervención educativa en el nivel de conocimientos sobre prevención de riesgos físicos ante sismos en escolares de 10 a 12 años / Effectiveness of an educational intervention on the level ofknowledge about prevention of physical risks to earthquakes inschoolchildren 10-12 years

Objetivo: determinar la efectividad de una intervención educativa en el nivel de conocimientos sobre prevención de riesgos físicos en sismos de los escolares de 10 a 12 años. Material y métodos: estudio de tipo preûexperimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 72 alumnos que estudian en el Colegio Alexander Von Humboldt de Pisco. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario elaborado por las mismas investigadoras; comprendió: 1) Datos sociodemográficos; 2) 15 preguntas relacionadas con prevención de riesgos físicos en sismos. Fue sometido a juicio de expertos y prueba piloto. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 15.0. Para determinar la efectividad de la intervención educativa se compararon los puntajes promedios antes y después de la intervención; se utilizó la prueba de rangos No Paramétrica de Wilcoxon. Para determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre prevención de riesgos físicos antes y después de la intervención educativa, se obtuvo tablas de distribución defrecuencia según escala de clasificación del instrumento (Alto, medio, bajo). Resultados: el nivel de conocimientos que predominó antes de la intervención educativa fue el medio, con un 56,9%; seguido del bajo, 23,6% y sólo un 19,4%, alto. El nivel de conocimiento que predominó después de la intervención educativa fue también el medio con un 54,2%, seguido del alto con un 36,1% y el bajo solo representó el 9,7%. Conclusiones: el nivel de conocimientos promedio antes de la intervención educativa fue de 12,46 puntos, incrementándose luego de la intervención a 13,72 puntos, lo que permite afirmar que la intervención educativa fue efectiva.

Objetive: To determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the knowledge level of schoolchildren from 10 to 12 years on the prevention of physical hazards in earthquakes. Material and Methods: Pre-experimental type. The sample consisted of 72 students studying in the Alexander Von Humboldt School from Pisco. For data collection used a questionnaire developed by the same researchers, it was divided into two parts: 1) socio-demographic data, 2) 15 questions about physical risk prevention in earthquakes, it was tried by experts and pilot. For the analysis of data was used SPSS version 15.0. To determine the effectiveness of educational intervention, average scores were compared before and after the intervention, we used the nonparametric rank test of Wilcoxon. To determine the level of knowledge on prevention of physical risks before and after the educational intervention was obtained frequency distribution tables according to the instrument rating scale (High, Medium and Low). Results: The level of knowledge that prevailed before the educational intervention was the middle with a low 56,9% followed by 23,6% and only 19,4% higher. The level of knowledge that prevailed after the educational intervention was also the medium with 54,2%, followed this time from the high with 36,1%, low represented only 9,7%. Conclusions. The average knowledge level before the educational intervention was 12,46 points, to increase after intervention to 13,72 points, which can affirm, that the educational intervention was effective.

Análise do impacto do programa ATLS (R) (advanced trauma life support (R)) no atendimento do traumatizado em cidade de pequeno porte no Brasil / Analysis of the impact of the ATLS (advanced trauma life support) program on trauma care in a small size city in Brasil

Introdução: o Programa ATLS foi desenvolvido nos EUA na década de 70, visando estabelecer um método padronizado para avaliação e tratamento iniciais dos pacientes vítimas de trauma pelos médicos que trabalham nas unidades de emergência. Hoje, apesar do sucesso e de sua ampla disseminação internacional, os benefícios do Programa em relação à modificação dos índices de mortalidade das vítimas de trauma ainda não foram largamente comprovados. Objetivos: o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a efetividade do Programa ATLS no atendimento do traumatizado em cidade de pequeno porte do Brasil, analisando seu impacto sobre os índices de mortalidade, sobre o tempo de internação e sobre a realização de determinados procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Métodos: no período compreendido entre 01 de Janeiro de 2003 e 31 de Dezembro de 2005, foram analisados 240 pacientes, vítimas de trauma, atendidos em hospital universitário de cidade de pequeno porte no Brasil, com RTS "Revised Trauma Score" - Escore Revisado de Trauma <6,62, subdivididos em duas amostras: grupo pré-ATLS (120 pacientes) - quando não havia protocolo específico para atendimento ao trauma, e grupo pós-ATLS (120 pacientes) - após a implantação do programa. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na mortalidade, com redução média de 17% no grupo pós-ATLS. Também foi constatado, no grupo pós-ATLS, aumento estatisticamente significativo da mortalidade após 24 horas da chegada do paciente ao hospital. Quanto ao tempo de internação, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: a implantação do programa ATLS reduziu o índice de mortalidade global atestando efetividade no atendimento ao trauma.

Introduction: the ATLS Program was developed in U.S.A. in the decade of 70, aiming to provide a standardized method for initial evaluation and management of the trauma patient for the doctors that work at the emergency room. Today, despite the success and of its ample international dissemination, the impact of the benefits of the Program on trauma care has not been wide scientifically proven. Objectives: the objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the ATLS Program in the management of trauma patients in a small size city of Brasil, studying the real impact on the mortality index, the time of hospital stay and the accomplishment of determined diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Methods: starting on January 01, 2003 and ending on December 31, 2005, 240 trauma victims were studied at the university hospital of a small size city of Brasil, with RTS (Revised Trauma Score) < 6.62, subdivided in two samples: group pre-ATLS (120 patients) - when there was no specific protocol for trauma care, and group post-ATLS (120 patients) - after the implementation of the program. Results: It had statistical significant difference in mortality, with average reduction of 17% in the group post-ATLS. Also it was evidenced, in the group after-ATLS, statistical significant increase of mortality after 24 hours of the arrival of the patient to the hospital. Concerning the length of hospital stay, there was no statistical significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: the implementation of the ATLS program reduced the index of global mortality certifying effectiveness in the management of the trauma patient.