Assistive technology application in educational contexts: policy framework and core areas / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo study domestic and international policies and core areas related to assistive technology services for children with disabilities, to explore the application of assistive technology for children with special needs in the educational context. MethodsBased on the relevant policies and theoretical frameworks of policies on assistive technology services of United Nations, World Health Organization (WHO) and China, the policy frameworks and core areas of assistive technology in the educational context were analyzed using the theories of the six elements of the WHO assistive technology service system and the 5P service model, as well as the international and domestic classifications and directory lists of assistive technologies. ResultsInternational Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) gave the definition and classification of assistive technology in educational scenarios. With the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) as the core and the Assistive Technology for Children with Disabilities (ATD) strategy as the centerpiece of the international policy, the core areas of assistive technology application in educational settings were established with the 5P Model, consisting of five related areas, namely individuals, policies, products, practitioners and service delivery, based on the six elements of the WHO assistive technology service system, namely leadership and governance, financing, human resources for health, service delivery, medical technology and health information system. The ecosystem focused on people, policies, products, practitioners and services that promote access to and use of assistive technology. ConclusionThe policy and core areas for the application of assistive technology in educational contexts are formed on the basis of ICF, with the CRPD at the core, and the strategy of ATD, to define scientifically the definition; and promote assistive technology services for children with disabilities from the perspective of the right to comprehensive, efficient, and child-centered development, to provide usable, accessible, affordable, adaptable, acceptable and quality assistive technology services to ensure that children with disabilities enjoy equal and quality education, and to improve the quality of life and well-being. A human-centered assistive technology ecosystem can be established using 5P Model, to innovate and develop assistive technology services for children with disabilities.

Política educativa y asignación del tiempo para la práctica fonoaudiológica: experiencia de fonoaudiólogos/as con más de 20 años de ejercicio laboral en contextos educativos / Educational policy and time assignment for speech therapy practice from the experience of speech therapists with over 20 years' professional practice in educational contexts

El trabajo de fonoaudiólogos (as) en contextos educativos es esencial para estudiantes que presentan necesidades educativas especiales. Sin embargo, poco se sabe respecto a cómo influye la asignación del tiempo otorgado por la política educativa en sus prácticas fonoaudiológicas. El presente estudio analizó por primera vez en Chile la experiencia de fonoaudiólogos (as) con más de 20 años de ejercicio laboral respecto de la asignación del tiempo definido por la política pública para la práctica fonoaudiológica que se lleva a cabo en los entornos educativos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con enfoque construccionista-narrativo. Se realizaron cinco entrevistas semiestructuradas a fonoaudiólogos con más de veinte años de experiencia laboral en educación a través de un análisis de contenido de tipo deductivo. Los resultados muestran que la práctica fonoaudiológica presenta desafíos provenientes de aspectos administrativos, organizativos y prácticos que surgen de una política pública que no define de manera clara la asignación de tiempo y su distribución en las funciones propias del rol fonoaudiológico en educación. El aporte de esta investigación pionera en la temática,es que los fonoaudiólogos entrevistados sugieren cambios a la política implementada a partir de los ajustes que han realizado en sus prácticas profesionales tras 20 años de experiencia laboral. Es necesario continuar en la investigación sobre el ejercicio del rol fonoaudiológico en contextos educativos con el fin de mejorar la práctica profesional y contribuir a la política educativa implementada.

Speech therapists' work in educational contexts is essential for students presenting special educational needs. However, little is known about the influence of the amount of time granted by educational policy in speech therapists' professional practice.The present study did the first analysis in Chile of the experience of speech therapists with over 20 years of professional experience regarding the amount of time defined in public policy for speech therapists' practice carried out in educational environments. A qualitative study with a constructionist-narrative focus was done. Five semi-structured interviews were carried out with speech therapists who had over 20 years' professional educational experience via an inductive-type content analysis. Results showed that speech therapists' practice presents challenges arising from administrative, organizational and practical aspects emerging from a public policy which does not clearly define time assignment and its distribution in the functions pertaining to speechtherapists' educational role. The contribution of this pioneering research on the subject is that the speech therapists interviewed suggest changes to the policy implemented on the basis of the adjustments they have made in their professional practices after 20 years of work experience. It is necessary to continue research on the exercise of the role of speech therapists in educational contexts in order to improve professional practice and contribute to the educational policy implemented.

Linguagem de adolescentes sob medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto / The language of adolescents on socio-educational context / Lenguaje de adolescentes bajo medidas socioeducativas en medio abierto

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi levantar aspectos da linguagem, sobretudo dos discursos de adolescentes sob medida socioeducativa em meio aberto para problematizar noções patologizantes e/ou de desqualificação social advindas de eventuais singularidades do repertório e das formas de enunciação desses sujeitos. Foi realizada no CEDECA-Madalena. Os sujeitos foram nove adolescentes que cumprem medidas na instituição, com idades entre 15 e 18 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de três estratégias complementares: a) entrevistas semiestruturadas com os adolescentes; b) aplicação do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) com os adolescentes; c) entrevista aberta com os funcionários. Os resultados apontaram para aspectos peculiares na linguagem e no discurso dos adolescentes, em acordo com suas condições de vida e de sociabilidades. Os resultados do MEEM não apontaram indícios de distúrbios de linguagem nos sujeitos da pesquisa, com exceção de um adolescente, que teve pontuação levemente abaixo de seu grau de escolaridade, mas sem alteração discursiva. Os adolescentes foram críticos em relação aos seus modos de falar, atribuindo valor negativo ao uso de gírias e de metalinguagem própria aos grupos de convívio (inclusive na marginalidade), como se esses usos da linguagem fossem inferiores e, por isso, os impedisse de transitar em outras esferas sociais. Pôde-se concluir que adolescentes em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto podem apresentar autoimagem rebaixada em relação aos seus modos de falar e/ou escrever, referindo-se a eles como não aceitáveis na sociedade em geral, o que geraria empecilhos à circulação e à inserção social mais ampla.

The purpose of this research was to raise aspects of language, especially adolescent speeches under socioeducational actions in an open environment to problematize pathological notions and/or social disqualification arising from eventual singularities of the repertoire and the enunciation forms of these people. It was held at CEDECA-Madalena. The people were nine adolescents who comply with measures in the institution, aged between 15 and 18 years. Data collection was performed through three complementary strategies: a) semi-structured interviews with adolescents; B) application of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) with adolescents; C) an open interview with employees. The results pointed to peculiar aspects of adolescents' language and speech, according to their living conditions and sociability. The results of the MMSE did not show signs of language disorders in that group of research, with exception of one adolescent, who scored slightly below his educational level, but without discursive alteration. Adolescents were critical of their ways of speaking, assigning negative value to the use of slang and metalanguage proper to social groups (including marginality), as if these uses of language were inferior and, therefore, have forbidden them from moving in other social spheres. It could be concluded that adolescents in compliance with socio-educational actions in the open environment may present low self-image in relation to their ways of speaking and/or writing, referring to them as not acceptable in society in general, which would generate obstacles to the circulation and social integration.

El objetivo de la investigación fue levantar aspectos del lenguaje, sobretodo de los discursos de adolescentes bajo medida socioeducativa en medio abierto para problematizar nociones patologizantes y/o de descalificación social advenidas de eventuales singularidades del repertorio y de las formas de enunciación de esos sujetos. Fue realizada en el CEDECA-Madalena. Los sujetos fueron nueve adolescentes que cumplen medidas en la institución, con edades entre 15 y18 años. La colecta de datos fue realizada por medio de tres estrategias complementarias: a) entrevistas semiestructuradas con los adolescentes; b) aplicación del Mini Exámen del Estado Mental (MEEM) c) entrevista abierta con los funcionários. Los resultados apuntan para aspectos peculiares en el lenguaje y en el discurso de los adolescentes, en acuerdo con sus condiciones de vida y de sociabilidad. Los resultados del MEEM no apuntaron indícios de desorden del lenguaje en los sujetos de la investigación, con excepción de uno, que tuvo puntuación levemente abajo de su grado de escolaridad, pero sin alteración discursiva. Los adolescentes fueron críticos con relación a su modo de hablar, atribuyendo valor negativo al uso de jergas y de metalenguaje propio a los grupos de convivencia (incluso en la marginalidad), como si esos usos del lenguaje fuesen inferiores y, por eso, les impidiese de transitar en otras esferas sociales. Puede concluirse que adolescentes en cumplimiento de medidas socioeducativas en medio abierto pueden presentar auto imagen rebajada a respeto de sus modos de hablar y/o escribir, refiriéndose a ellos como no aceptables en la sociedad en general y que generarian impedimentos en la circulación y inserción social más amplia.

Percepção de professores do ensino médio acerca da motivação docente / Perception of teachers of high school about teaching motivation

OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a percepção de professores do ensino médio acerca da motivação docente. MÉTODO: A amostra contou com 27 professores do Ensino Médio de ambos os sexos, sendo 15 participantes (55,6%) do sexo feminino e 12 participantes do sexo masculino (44,4%). A idade variou entre 24 a 68 anos, com média de idade de 46 anos (DP=11,80). A amostra foi coletada em duas escolas públicas estaduais da região metropolitana de São Paulo, sendo 13 participantes da escola 1 (grupo que corresponde a codificação de 1 a 13) e 14 participantes da escola 2 (correspondente a codificação de 14 a 27. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram relações diretas com as expectativas e habilidades percebidas para a docência desde a infância, que os relatos dos docentes estão relacionados à falta de políticas públicas, que os docentes se queixam do desrespeito/descomprometimento dos alunos, especialmente havendo predominância da violência; este último aspecto é relacionado a geradores de frustrados docentes. Nisto é possível inferir que o aluno é percebido como foco da motivação docente. CONCLUSÃO: A motivação docente resulta em práticas educativas efetivas, as qual tendem a ocasionar motivação nos alunos, ocasionando melhor desempenho escolar, e especialmente desenvolvimento de habilidades diversas como acadêmicas e sociais.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the perception of high school teachers about teacher motivation. METHODS: The sample had 27 high school teachers of both sexes, 15 participants (55.6%) female and 12 male participants (44.4%). The age ranged from 24 to 68 years, with a mean age of 46 years (SD=11.80). The sample was collected at two state public schools in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, with 13 participants from school 1 (group coding from 1 to 13) and 14 from school 2 (corresponding to coding from 14 to 27. RESULTS: The results showed direct relationships with the expectations and abilities perceived for teaching since childhood, that the reports of the teachers are related to the lack of public policies, that the teachers complain about the disrespect / discompromising of the students, especially with predominance of violence, this The last aspect is related to generators of frustrated teachers. In this it is possible to infer that the student is perceived as the focus of the teacher motivation. CONCLUSION: Teacher motivation results in effective educational practices that tend to cause motivation in students, leading to better school performance, and especially the development of diverse skills such as academic and social.

Hiperentorno educativo para el aprendizaje de la gastroenterología pediátrica / Educational hypercontext for learning of pediatric gastroenterology

La computación, como medio de enseñanza, ha popularizado el uso de software educativos para la solución de problemas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El desarrollo acelerado de la información determinó la necesidad de elaborar un hiperentorno educativo que apoye la enseñanza y aprendizaje del módulo de Gastroenterología Pediátrica durante la Residencia en Gastroenterología. Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica relacionada con las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, las tendencias pedagógicas contemporáneas, el software educativo y los hiperentornos en particular Crheasoft. Se determinaron las necesidades de aprendizaje de los residentes en el ßrea de Pediatría, mediante las encuestas realizadas a los residentes y las entrevistas a los profesores. Finalmente se decidió abordar los temas de pólipos y síndromes polipósicos y enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales. Se realizó un Hiperentorno Educativo que permite acceder a información actualizada, galerías de imágenes, ejercicios interactivos y bibliografía complementaria.

Computer Science, as a teaching tool, has extended the use of educational software to solve difficulties in the teaching-learning process. The accelerated development of information determined the need of creating an educational hypercontext to support teaching and learning of pediatric gastroenterology contents during the specialization course on Gastroenterology. A literature review was carried out on information and communication technologies, contemporary pedagogical approaches, educational software and hypercontexts, particularly Chreasoft. Through surveys to residents and interviews of professors, it was possible to determine the learning requirements of residents in pediatrics specialization. Finally, it was decided to include topics such as polyps and polyp syndromes, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The resulting educational hypercontext allows having access to updated information, galleries, interactive exercises and supplementary bibliography.

Criatividade no contexto educacional: três décadas de pesquisa / Creativity in the educational context: three decades of research

O artigo apresenta um breve relato da trajetória da autora no estudo da criatividade no contexto educacional. Questões de pesquisa investigadas nas três últimas décadas, modelo que tem orientado a sua prática em programas de criatividade para estudantes, professores e outros profissionais de áreas diversas, além de alguns instrumentos construídos para a investigação de distintas variáveis relativas à criatividade, são descritos. O artigo finaliza com algumas considerações oriundas de seus estudos a respeito de criatividade.

The article presents a brief report of the author's trajectory in the study of creativity in the educational context. Research questions investigated in the last three decades, the model that has guided the author's practice in creativity programs for students, teachers and other professionals from several areas, besides some instruments constructed to investigate distinct variables related to creativity are described. The article concludes with considerations derived from the author's studies on creativity.

Contexto socioeducativo e a promoção de proteção a adolescentes em cumprimento de medida judicial de internação no Amazonas / Social-educational context childcare protection and promotion of the adolescents in compliance with a judicial order of stay in the Amazon

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o potencial de promoção de proteção contra o envolvimento em atos infracionais existente no contexto socioeducativo de unidades masculinas de internação a adolescentes na cidade de Manaus. Considera o quadro de vulnerabilidade do jovem frente ao mundo do crime, bem com as dificuldades atuais do sistema socioeducativo em modificar positivamente a vida dos adolescentes atendidos. Contudo, a existência de boas práticas em contraposição ao fracasso, sugere a possibilidade do contexto socioeducativo fornecer subsídios importantes na diminuição da vulnerabilidade, favorecendo a novas trajetórias não ligadas à infração. O método de investigação e análise utilizado foi a Grounded Theory, num enfoque essencialmente qualitativo. Este método propõe, entre outras coisas, a geração de categorias e hipóteses acerca de um fenômeno sobre o qual pouco se conhece. Tomaram parte do estudo onze adolescentes vistos como bem-sucedidos em suas unidades de internação. Foram ouvidos também dez profissionais das mesmas instituições, sendo seis deles membros do corpo técnico e quatro monitores identificados com a proposta socioeducativa. O principal instrumento de coleta de dados consistiu em uma entrevista individual semi-estruturada, sendo as análises complementadas com notas em diários de campo e dados sociodemográficos dos internos das instituições. Três categorias a priori foram consideradas no sentido de qualificar a vulnerabilidade, proteção geral ao longo do desenvolvimento e a proteção específica do contexto socioeducativo contra o envolvimento com atos infracionais, a saber: dimensão individual, afetivo-relacional e socioestrutural. A partir das falas dos sujeitos, outras categorias emergiram, sendo classificadas segundo as categorias prévias...

The purpose of this present study was to investigate the potential of promoting protection against involvement in illegal acts within the socio-educational context of male youth offenders’ detention center in the city of Manaus. The study considers the state of vulnerability of the young person in relation to the crime underworld as well as current difficulties of the socio-educational system in positively modifying the lives of adolescents counseled. Nevertheless, the existence of good practices in contrast tofailure suggest the possibility of the socio-educational context providing important inputs towards decreasing vulnerability and thus favoring new trajectories not linked to crime. The research method and analysis used was the Grounded Theory, using an essentially qualitative focus. Among its assumptions, this method uses the generation of categories and hypotheses regarding a phenomenon about which little is known. Eleven adolescents who were seen as success stories in their institutions took part in this study. Moreover, ten professionals who work in the same institutions were heard, six of them members of the technical staff and four monitors who identified with the socioeducational proposal. The main data collection instrument was an individual, semistructured interview, with the analyses complemented by field log notes and sociodemographic data on the adolescents in the institutions. Three categories were considered beforehand in order to qualify vulnerability, general protection throughout development and specific protection from the socio-educational context against involvement in illegal acts. These were: the individual dimension, the affection relational dimension and the socio-structural dimension. Other categories emerged from the interviews, being classified according to the initial categories...